转G2-EPSPS和GAT基因抗草甘膦大豆对土壤微环境的影响
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摘要
转基因大豆的环境安全性评价对我国转基因大豆产业发展具有重要的理论和实践生产意义。本研究以转入G2-EPSPS和GAT双价基因抗草甘膦大豆ZH10-6及其非转基因大豆中黄10为研究试材,利用生物测定方法,连续3年跟踪调查各生育期土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性变化,旨在明确转基因和非转基因大豆的土壤微环境安全性。试验结果表明,ZH10-6与中黄10通过连续三年比较,不同年份和不同生育期的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量变化势态相似,对微生物数量影响一致且二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);虽然土壤脲酶、蔗糖转化酶和脱氢酶活性随生长期不同而发生变化,但二者对3种酶活性的影响不存在差异(P>0.05)。这说明转外源基因G2-EPSPS和GAT的抗草甘膦ZH10-6与非转基因不抗草甘膦中黄10拥有相似的土壤微环境,具有相同的环境安全性。
Environmental safety assessment can provide scientific data for improving transgenic soybean production development and it has very theoretic and practical meaning. In this study, transgenic soybean ZH10-6 pyramiding two genes of G2-EPSPS and GAT and non-transgenic soybean of the receptor variety(ZH10) were investigated for soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities in three years using biological methods. i. The results showed that the population sizes of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes during the whole growth period were similar in different years, and no significant difference was found between ZH10-6 and ZH10(P>0.05). Activities of soil urease, sucralose invertase and dehydrogenase varied among the growth season, but did not differ between ZH10-6 and ZH10 soybean fields(P>0.05). Our results indicated that transgenic soybean ZH10-6 has as the same safety of environment as its receptor of ZH10.
Environmental safety assessment can provide scientific data for improving transgenic soybean production development and it has very theoretic and practical meaning. In this study, transgenic soybean ZH10-6 pyramiding two genes of G2-EPSPS and GAT and non-transgenic soybean of the receptor variety(ZH10) were investigated for soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities in three years using biological methods. i. The results showed that the population sizes of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes during the whole growth period were similar in different years, and no significant difference was found between ZH10-6 and ZH10(P>0.05). Activities of soil urease, sucralose invertase and dehydrogenase varied among the growth season, but did not differ between ZH10-6 and ZH10 soybean fields(P>0.05). Our results indicated that transgenic soybean ZH10-6 has as the same safety of environment as its receptor of ZH10.
引文
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[27]张威,张明,张旭东,等.土壤蛋白酶和芳香氨基酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1468-1474.
[28]刘红梅,赵建宁,黄永春,等.种植转双价基因(Bt+Cp TI)棉对主要土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):133-139.
[29]吕晓波,王宏燕,刘琦.抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)在黑土生态系统种植的安全性研究[J].大豆科学,2009,28(2):260-265.
[30]Zwahlen C,Hilbeck A,Gugerli P,et al.Degradation of the Cryl Ab protein within tran-sgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field[J].Molecular Ecology,2003,12(3):765-775.
[31]陈振华,孙彩霞,郝建军,等.土壤酶活性对大田单季种植转Bt基因及转双价棉花的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1226-1230.
[2]Clive James.2014年全球生物技术/转基因作物商业化发展态势[J].中国生物工程杂志,2015,35(01):1-14.
[3]Tan F X,Wang J W,Feng Y J,et al.Bt corn plants and their straw have no apparent impact on soil microbial communities[J].Plant and Soil,2010,329(1-2):349-364.
[4]Saxena D,Flores S,Stotzky G.Transgenic plants-insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn[J].Nature,1999,402(6761):480.
[5]Means N E,Kremer R J,Ramsier C.Effects of glyphosate and foliar amendments on activity of microorganisms in the soybean rhizosphere[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,42(2):125-132.
[6]Zwahlen C,Hilbeck A,Gugerli P,et al.Degradation of the Cryl Ab protein within transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field[J].Molecular Ecology,2003,12(3):765-775.
[7]浦惠明.转基因抗除草剂油菜及其生态安全性[J].中国油料作物学报,2003,25(2):89-93.
[8]关松荫,郑洪元.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[9]曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,9(1):105-109.
[10]陈晓雯.转基因水稻对土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响[J].生物安全学报,2011,20(2):151-159.
[11]乔琦,丁伟,李新海,等.转基因抗旱大豆对土壤酶活性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(12):11-14.
[12]刘志华,徐广惠,王宏燕,等.抗草甘膦转基因大豆对根际土壤氨氧化古菌群落多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2479-2485.
[13]桂恒,张培培,华小梅,等.富含硫氨基酸转基因大豆对根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2012,34(2):181-187.
[14]曹阳,丁伟,李新海,等.转DREB3基因抗旱大豆对土壤微生物群落及有益微生物的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(1):17-20.
[15]Kremer R J,Means N E.Glyphosate affects soybean root exudation and rhizosphere microorganisms[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,2005,85(15):1165-1174.
[16]Ariosa Y,Carrasco D,Legane’s F,et al.Development of cyanobacterial blooms in Valencian rice fields[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2005,41(2):129-133.
[17]Flores S,Saxena D,Stotzky G.Transgenic Bt plants decompose less in soil than non-Bt plants[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(6):1073-1082.
[18]陈丽华,吕新,林碧娇,等.抗真菌转基因水稻秸秆降解对土壤细菌数量及多样性的影响[J].生物安全学报,2012,21(2):125-129.
[19]Koskella J,Stotzky G.Larvicidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subspp.Kurstaki,morrisoni(Strain tenebrionis),and israelensis have no microbicidal or microbiostatic activity against selected bacteria,fungi,and algae in vitro[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2002,48(3):262-267.
[20]刘佳,刘志华,徐广惠,等.抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)对微生物和土壤氮素转化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(7):1341-1345.
[21]Lu H,Wu W,Chen Y,et al.Soil microbial community responses to Bt transgenic rice residue decomposition in a paddy field[J].Soils Sediments,2010,10(8):1598-1605.
[22]乌兰图雅,李刚,赵建宁,等.不同生育期转双价(Bt+Cp TI)基因抗虫棉根际土壤酶活性和养分含量变化[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1733-1737.
[23]娜布其,赵建宁,李刚,等.转双(Bt+Cp TI)棉种植对土壤速效养分和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):930-937.
[24]吴凡,林桂潮,吴坚文,等.转At PAP15基因大豆种植对土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(3):600-608.
[25]王丽娟.转基因大豆对土壤氮循环相关微生物多样性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2013.
[26]乔卿梅,程茂高,王新民,等.怀山药根际土壤微生物、酶活性和酚酸物质变化及其关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(24):151-154.
[27]张威,张明,张旭东,等.土壤蛋白酶和芳香氨基酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1468-1474.
[28]刘红梅,赵建宁,黄永春,等.种植转双价基因(Bt+Cp TI)棉对主要土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):133-139.
[29]吕晓波,王宏燕,刘琦.抗草甘膦转基因大豆(RRS)在黑土生态系统种植的安全性研究[J].大豆科学,2009,28(2):260-265.
[30]Zwahlen C,Hilbeck A,Gugerli P,et al.Degradation of the Cryl Ab protein within tran-sgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field[J].Molecular Ecology,2003,12(3):765-775.
[31]陈振华,孙彩霞,郝建军,等.土壤酶活性对大田单季种植转Bt基因及转双价棉花的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1226-1230.