8种杀虫剂对朱砂叶螨毒力及家蚕的急性毒性比较
|
摘要
采用叶碟喷雾法测定鱼藤酮、印栋素、苦参碱、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱、乙基多杀菌素、四氯虫酰胺、吡丙醚等8种常用杀虫剂对桑园朱砂叶螨成螨和螨卵的室内毒力,并以食下毒叶法检测对家蚕3龄起蚕的急性毒性。结果表明:印栋素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱对朱砂叶螨成螨毒杀活性较高,半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为0.213、0.659、1.621、13.014、16.548 mg·L~(-1);苦皮藤素、印栋素、藜芦碱、鱼藤酮和苦参碱对朱砂叶螨螨卵毒杀活性较高,LC_(50)值分别为0.254、3.497、13.564、21.936、35.030 mg·L~(-1)。3龄起蚕取食添加8种杀虫剂的桑叶48 h后,均出现吐液、拒食、体缩等中毒症状,除吡丙醚属于中等毒性外,其余杀虫剂对家蚕为高毒或剧毒。印栋素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱等杀虫剂可以有效防控桑园朱砂叶螨成螨及螨卵,但在使用中应注意其对家蚕的安全性。
In the present study,in-door toxicities of eight insecticides including rotenone,azadirachtin,matrine,celangulin,veratridine,spinetoram,SYP-9080,pyriproxyfen against Tetranychus cinnabarinus were measured via spraying on the Potter spray tower,and the acute toxicities of these insecticides to 3~(rd)instar of silkworm were exuviated by food intake poisonous leaf method.The results indicated that the acaricidal activities of azadirachtin,matrine,rotenone,celangulin,veratridine against T.cinnabarinus adults were higher than the other insecticides,and the according median lethal concentrations(LC_(50))were 0.213,0.659,1.621,13.014,16.548 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The ovicidal activities of celangulin,azadirachtin,veratridine,rotenone and matrine against T.cinnabarinus eggs were higher than the other insecticides,and the according LC_(50)were 0.254,3.497,13.564,21.936,35.030 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The 3~(rd)instar larvae of silkworm showed spit,antifeedant,body shrinkage and other symptoms of poisoning 48 h after eating mulberry leaves containing the above eight insecticides.Among these pesticides,except that pyriproxyfen was moderately toxic,the remaining pesticides to silkworms were highly toxic or hypertoxic.Therefore,azadirachtin,celangulin,veratridine,rotenone and matrine could effectively control mulberry mites including adult mites and mite eggs,but more attention should be paid to the safety of silkworms during application in field.
In the present study,in-door toxicities of eight insecticides including rotenone,azadirachtin,matrine,celangulin,veratridine,spinetoram,SYP-9080,pyriproxyfen against Tetranychus cinnabarinus were measured via spraying on the Potter spray tower,and the acute toxicities of these insecticides to 3~(rd)instar of silkworm were exuviated by food intake poisonous leaf method.The results indicated that the acaricidal activities of azadirachtin,matrine,rotenone,celangulin,veratridine against T.cinnabarinus adults were higher than the other insecticides,and the according median lethal concentrations(LC_(50))were 0.213,0.659,1.621,13.014,16.548 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The ovicidal activities of celangulin,azadirachtin,veratridine,rotenone and matrine against T.cinnabarinus eggs were higher than the other insecticides,and the according LC_(50)were 0.254,3.497,13.564,21.936,35.030 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The 3~(rd)instar larvae of silkworm showed spit,antifeedant,body shrinkage and other symptoms of poisoning 48 h after eating mulberry leaves containing the above eight insecticides.Among these pesticides,except that pyriproxyfen was moderately toxic,the remaining pesticides to silkworms were highly toxic or hypertoxic.Therefore,azadirachtin,celangulin,veratridine,rotenone and matrine could effectively control mulberry mites including adult mites and mite eggs,but more attention should be paid to the safety of silkworms during application in field.
引文
[1]郭辉力,师光禄,王有年.8种中药提取物对朱砂叶螨触杀活性的研究[J].北京农学院学报,2010,25(3):21-23.GUO H L,SHI G L,WANG Y N.Evaluation on acaricidal activities in 8 medicinal plants extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus[J].Journal of Beijing Agricultural Colledge,2010,25(3):21-23.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]张永强,丁伟,王丁祯.朱砂叶螨对天然杀螨活性物质东莨菪内酯的抗性评价[J].农药,2011,50(3):226-228.ZHANG Y Q,DING W,WANG D Z.The resistance evaluation of Tetranychus cinnabarinus against natural acaricidal compound scopoletin[J].Agrochemicals,2011,50(3):226-228.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]王少丽,张友军,徐宝云,等.朱砂叶螨对不同蔬菜寄主的取食选择性[J].环境昆虫学报,2011,33(3):315-320.WANG S L,ZHANG Y J,XU B Y,et al.Feeding preferences of carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus,on different host plants[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2011,33(3):315-320.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]章冰川,罗金香,赖婷,等.香豆素类化合物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性及定量构效关系研究[J].农药学学报,2016,18(1):37-48.ZHANG B C,LUO J X,LAI T,et al.Study on acaricidal bioactivity and quantitative structure activity relationship of coumarincompounds against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bois.(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2016,18(1):37-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]柴建萍,余凌翔,谢道燕,等.桑红蜘蛛、桑蓟马在云南省不同地域桑园的发生规律及防控要点[J].蚕业科学,2010,36(3):475-480.CHAI J P,YU L X,XIE D Y,et al.Occurrence and control measures of Terancychus cinnabarinus Boisduval and Pseudodendrothrips mori in different regions of Yunnan Povince[J].Science of Sericulture,2010,36(3):475-480.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]NATH S B.Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in hemolymph and fat body of the silkworm,Bombyx mori L,exposed to organophosphorus insecticides[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2000,68(3):127-137.
[7]BUSVINE J R.Recommended methods for measurement of pest resistance to pesticides[M].Rome:FAO,1980:49-54.
[8]国家环境保护局.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[J].农药科学与管理,1990(2):1-5.National Environmental Protection Bureau.Environmental safety assessment criteria for chemical pesticides[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,1990(2):1-5.(in Chinese)
[9]王桂清,姬兰柱,张弘,等.中国植物源杀虫剂研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(3):510-517.WANG G Q,JI L Z,ZHANG H,et al.Current progress in research of botanical insecticides in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(3):510-517.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]陈小平,黄翠.杀虫植物印楝的研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2003,24(4):26-31.CHEN X P,HUANG C.Progress in researches on insecticidal plant-Azadirachta indica[J].Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2003,24(4):26-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王刚,汪凤娟,王超,等.五种生物农药对阿克苏地区苹果叶螨室内毒力及田间药效试验[J].北方园艺,2016(11):106-109.WANG G,WANG F J,WANG C,et al.Toxicology and field efficacy test of five biological pesticides for controlling apple spiders in Akesu area[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(11):106-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]谭海军,童益利.杀虫剂吡丙醚[J].现代农药,2011,10(2):40-45.TAN H J,TONG Y L.Brief review on insesticide pyriproxyfen[J].Modern Agrochemicals,2011,10(2):40-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]陈伟国,鲁兴萌.农药对家蚕的毒性和安全性评价研究[J].蚕业科学,2012,38(2):329-336.CHEN W G,LU X M.An investigation on toxicity and safety evaluation of pesticides to silkworm,Bombyx mori[J].Science of Sericulture,2012,38(2):329-336.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]孙海燕,陈伟国,戴建忠,等.47种杀虫剂对家蚕的毒性与安全性评价[J].中国蚕业,2015,36(3):42-47.SUN H Y,CHEN W G,DAI J Z,et al.Toxicity and safety evaluation of 47 insecticides on Bombyx mori[J].China Sericulture,2015,36(3):42-47.(in Chinese)
[15]吴明荣.生物农药及植物生长调节剂对家蚕的毒力评析[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(5):57-60.WU M R.Virulence evaluation of biological pesticides and plant growth regulators to silkworm[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2013,25(5):57-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]周春涛,谢道燕,杨振国,等.12种杀虫剂用于桑树害虫防治对家蚕的残留毒性和安全间隔期[J].蚕业科学,2014,40(6):1062-1071.ZHOU C T,XIE D Y,YANG Z G,et al.Residual toxicity of twelve insecticides to silkworm and safe interval period for harvesting mulberry leaves[J].Science of Sericulture,2014,40(6):1062-1071.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]蔡国祥,孙永军.植物源农药苦参碱对部分桑园害虫的毒力及田间防治效果[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(3):538-543.CAI G X,SUN Y J.Toxicity and field control effect of botanical pesticide matrine to mulberry pests[J].Science of Sericulture,2011,37(3):538-543.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]吕铭潇,张骞.6种特异性杀虫剂对家蚕的毒性评价及中毒症状观察[J].生物灾害科学,2012,35(4):392-394.LM X,ZHANG Q.Toxicity evaluation of six pesticides on Bombyx mori and observation of toxic symptoms[J].Biological Disaster Science,2012,35(4):392-394.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]张骞,姜辉,肖斌,等.29种农药对家蚕的急性毒性评价[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(2):343-346.ZHANG Q,JIANG H,XIAO B,et al.An evaluation on acute toxicity of 29 pesticides to Bombyx mori[J].Science of Sericulture,2011,37(2):343-346.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]马惠,姜辉,陶传江,等.27种农药对家蚕的毒性评价研究[J].农药学学报,2005,7(2):156-159.MA H,JIANG H,TAO C J,et al.Toxicity evaluation of twenty-seven pesticides to Bombyx mori[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2005,7(2):156-159.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]阎世江,张继宁,刘洁.我国植物源农药的应用现状及前景展望[J].农药市场信息,2016(10):6-9.YAN S J,ZHANG J N,LUI J.Application of plant source pesticide in China and prospect outlook[J].Pesticide Market News,2016(10):6-9.(in Chinese)
[22]祁志军,胡兆农,时春喜,等.0.2%苦皮藤素乳油对非靶标生物的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(2):31-34.QI Z J,HU Z N,SHI C X,et al.Effects of 0.2%celangulins EC on non-target organisms in environment[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2004,32(2):31-34.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]STARK J D,VARGAS R I.Toxicity and hazard assessment of fipronil to Daphnia pulex[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2005,62(1):11-16.
[24]王静,朱九生,高海燕,等.7种农药对家蚕的毒性评价及中毒症状学观察[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(1):57-62.WANG J,ZHU J S,GAO H Y,et al.Toxicological evaluation of seven pesticides to Bombyx mori and observation of toxicosis symptoms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2010,5(1):57-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]张永强,丁伟,王丁祯.朱砂叶螨对天然杀螨活性物质东莨菪内酯的抗性评价[J].农药,2011,50(3):226-228.ZHANG Y Q,DING W,WANG D Z.The resistance evaluation of Tetranychus cinnabarinus against natural acaricidal compound scopoletin[J].Agrochemicals,2011,50(3):226-228.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]王少丽,张友军,徐宝云,等.朱砂叶螨对不同蔬菜寄主的取食选择性[J].环境昆虫学报,2011,33(3):315-320.WANG S L,ZHANG Y J,XU B Y,et al.Feeding preferences of carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus,on different host plants[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2011,33(3):315-320.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]章冰川,罗金香,赖婷,等.香豆素类化合物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性及定量构效关系研究[J].农药学学报,2016,18(1):37-48.ZHANG B C,LUO J X,LAI T,et al.Study on acaricidal bioactivity and quantitative structure activity relationship of coumarincompounds against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bois.(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2016,18(1):37-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]柴建萍,余凌翔,谢道燕,等.桑红蜘蛛、桑蓟马在云南省不同地域桑园的发生规律及防控要点[J].蚕业科学,2010,36(3):475-480.CHAI J P,YU L X,XIE D Y,et al.Occurrence and control measures of Terancychus cinnabarinus Boisduval and Pseudodendrothrips mori in different regions of Yunnan Povince[J].Science of Sericulture,2010,36(3):475-480.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]NATH S B.Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in hemolymph and fat body of the silkworm,Bombyx mori L,exposed to organophosphorus insecticides[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2000,68(3):127-137.
[7]BUSVINE J R.Recommended methods for measurement of pest resistance to pesticides[M].Rome:FAO,1980:49-54.
[8]国家环境保护局.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[J].农药科学与管理,1990(2):1-5.National Environmental Protection Bureau.Environmental safety assessment criteria for chemical pesticides[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,1990(2):1-5.(in Chinese)
[9]王桂清,姬兰柱,张弘,等.中国植物源杀虫剂研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(3):510-517.WANG G Q,JI L Z,ZHANG H,et al.Current progress in research of botanical insecticides in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(3):510-517.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]陈小平,黄翠.杀虫植物印楝的研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2003,24(4):26-31.CHEN X P,HUANG C.Progress in researches on insecticidal plant-Azadirachta indica[J].Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2003,24(4):26-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王刚,汪凤娟,王超,等.五种生物农药对阿克苏地区苹果叶螨室内毒力及田间药效试验[J].北方园艺,2016(11):106-109.WANG G,WANG F J,WANG C,et al.Toxicology and field efficacy test of five biological pesticides for controlling apple spiders in Akesu area[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(11):106-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]谭海军,童益利.杀虫剂吡丙醚[J].现代农药,2011,10(2):40-45.TAN H J,TONG Y L.Brief review on insesticide pyriproxyfen[J].Modern Agrochemicals,2011,10(2):40-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]陈伟国,鲁兴萌.农药对家蚕的毒性和安全性评价研究[J].蚕业科学,2012,38(2):329-336.CHEN W G,LU X M.An investigation on toxicity and safety evaluation of pesticides to silkworm,Bombyx mori[J].Science of Sericulture,2012,38(2):329-336.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]孙海燕,陈伟国,戴建忠,等.47种杀虫剂对家蚕的毒性与安全性评价[J].中国蚕业,2015,36(3):42-47.SUN H Y,CHEN W G,DAI J Z,et al.Toxicity and safety evaluation of 47 insecticides on Bombyx mori[J].China Sericulture,2015,36(3):42-47.(in Chinese)
[15]吴明荣.生物农药及植物生长调节剂对家蚕的毒力评析[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(5):57-60.WU M R.Virulence evaluation of biological pesticides and plant growth regulators to silkworm[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2013,25(5):57-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]周春涛,谢道燕,杨振国,等.12种杀虫剂用于桑树害虫防治对家蚕的残留毒性和安全间隔期[J].蚕业科学,2014,40(6):1062-1071.ZHOU C T,XIE D Y,YANG Z G,et al.Residual toxicity of twelve insecticides to silkworm and safe interval period for harvesting mulberry leaves[J].Science of Sericulture,2014,40(6):1062-1071.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]蔡国祥,孙永军.植物源农药苦参碱对部分桑园害虫的毒力及田间防治效果[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(3):538-543.CAI G X,SUN Y J.Toxicity and field control effect of botanical pesticide matrine to mulberry pests[J].Science of Sericulture,2011,37(3):538-543.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]吕铭潇,张骞.6种特异性杀虫剂对家蚕的毒性评价及中毒症状观察[J].生物灾害科学,2012,35(4):392-394.LM X,ZHANG Q.Toxicity evaluation of six pesticides on Bombyx mori and observation of toxic symptoms[J].Biological Disaster Science,2012,35(4):392-394.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]张骞,姜辉,肖斌,等.29种农药对家蚕的急性毒性评价[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(2):343-346.ZHANG Q,JIANG H,XIAO B,et al.An evaluation on acute toxicity of 29 pesticides to Bombyx mori[J].Science of Sericulture,2011,37(2):343-346.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]马惠,姜辉,陶传江,等.27种农药对家蚕的毒性评价研究[J].农药学学报,2005,7(2):156-159.MA H,JIANG H,TAO C J,et al.Toxicity evaluation of twenty-seven pesticides to Bombyx mori[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2005,7(2):156-159.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]阎世江,张继宁,刘洁.我国植物源农药的应用现状及前景展望[J].农药市场信息,2016(10):6-9.YAN S J,ZHANG J N,LUI J.Application of plant source pesticide in China and prospect outlook[J].Pesticide Market News,2016(10):6-9.(in Chinese)
[22]祁志军,胡兆农,时春喜,等.0.2%苦皮藤素乳油对非靶标生物的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(2):31-34.QI Z J,HU Z N,SHI C X,et al.Effects of 0.2%celangulins EC on non-target organisms in environment[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2004,32(2):31-34.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]STARK J D,VARGAS R I.Toxicity and hazard assessment of fipronil to Daphnia pulex[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2005,62(1):11-16.
[24]王静,朱九生,高海燕,等.7种农药对家蚕的毒性评价及中毒症状学观察[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(1):57-62.WANG J,ZHU J S,GAO H Y,et al.Toxicological evaluation of seven pesticides to Bombyx mori and observation of toxicosis symptoms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2010,5(1):57-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)