摘要
采用叶碟喷雾法测定鱼藤酮、印栋素、苦参碱、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱、乙基多杀菌素、四氯虫酰胺、吡丙醚等8种常用杀虫剂对桑园朱砂叶螨成螨和螨卵的室内毒力,并以食下毒叶法检测对家蚕3龄起蚕的急性毒性。结果表明:印栋素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱对朱砂叶螨成螨毒杀活性较高,半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为0.213、0.659、1.621、13.014、16.548 mg·L~(-1);苦皮藤素、印栋素、藜芦碱、鱼藤酮和苦参碱对朱砂叶螨螨卵毒杀活性较高,LC_(50)值分别为0.254、3.497、13.564、21.936、35.030 mg·L~(-1)。3龄起蚕取食添加8种杀虫剂的桑叶48 h后,均出现吐液、拒食、体缩等中毒症状,除吡丙醚属于中等毒性外,其余杀虫剂对家蚕为高毒或剧毒。印栋素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱等杀虫剂可以有效防控桑园朱砂叶螨成螨及螨卵,但在使用中应注意其对家蚕的安全性。
In the present study,in-door toxicities of eight insecticides including rotenone,azadirachtin,matrine,celangulin,veratridine,spinetoram,SYP-9080,pyriproxyfen against Tetranychus cinnabarinus were measured via spraying on the Potter spray tower,and the acute toxicities of these insecticides to 3~(rd)instar of silkworm were exuviated by food intake poisonous leaf method.The results indicated that the acaricidal activities of azadirachtin,matrine,rotenone,celangulin,veratridine against T.cinnabarinus adults were higher than the other insecticides,and the according median lethal concentrations(LC_(50))were 0.213,0.659,1.621,13.014,16.548 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The ovicidal activities of celangulin,azadirachtin,veratridine,rotenone and matrine against T.cinnabarinus eggs were higher than the other insecticides,and the according LC_(50)were 0.254,3.497,13.564,21.936,35.030 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The 3~(rd)instar larvae of silkworm showed spit,antifeedant,body shrinkage and other symptoms of poisoning 48 h after eating mulberry leaves containing the above eight insecticides.Among these pesticides,except that pyriproxyfen was moderately toxic,the remaining pesticides to silkworms were highly toxic or hypertoxic.Therefore,azadirachtin,celangulin,veratridine,rotenone and matrine could effectively control mulberry mites including adult mites and mite eggs,but more attention should be paid to the safety of silkworms during application in field.
引文
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