塔西南坳陷古新统蒸发岩沉积条件及成因模式初探
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摘要
基于近期野外地质调查及钻井资料整理,对塔西南地区古新统蒸发岩沉积特征、展布规律及成因模式进行了初步探讨。研究表明,塔西南古新统吐依洛克组蒸发岩以石盐岩为主,为海退过程中的产物;阿尔塔什组蒸发岩以石膏岩或者硬石膏岩为主,为缓慢海侵的产物。吐依洛克组石盐岩沉积是海退背景下、多级盆地卤水回流的结果,其受控于同时期区域性构造运动和海平面变化等多种因素。古新世早期,从卡拉库姆盆地向东至费尔干纳-阿富汗-塔吉克盆地再到塔西南地区,在空间上表现为一个自西向东水体盐度逐渐升高的湖链系统。在塔西南与最西部特提斯海之间,以石膏相为主的预备盆地的出现,是导致塔西南地区吐依洛克组蒸发岩以石盐岩为主而显著缺乏石膏岩的主要原因。这种多级次级盆地中卤水的回流作用对盐类物质向后期分异具有积极意义,指示了塔西南古新统具有较好的成钾远景。
Based on recent field investigation and compilation of well data,in this paper we conducted a tentative discussion on the sedimentary characteristics,distribution and genetic mode of the Paleocene evaporites in the southwestern Tarim basin.Results show that,the Tuyiluoke Formation typified by halite resulted from regression process but the Aertashi Formation marked by gypsum or anhydrites was a product of a slow transgression.The halite deposit of Tuyiluoke Formation,as a result of brine reflux within multi-subbasin system under a regression background,was controlled by multiple factors including regional tectonic activities and sea level changes.The sedimentary configuration during the early Paleogene from the Kalakumu Basin westward to the Fergana-Afghan-Tajik Basin to the southwestern Tarim Basin in the east displays a lake chain system with salinity increasing from west to east.Therefore,we conclude that the occurrence of preparation basin characterized by gypsum deposits between the southwestern Tarim Basin and the Tethys to the west resulted in the dominate halite deposits and the absence of gypsum deposits in the southwestern Tarim Basin during the Tuyilluoke Formation formed.The proposed genetic mode of brine reflux within a lake chain system is positive to a higher differentiation of salt materials,indicating a better prospect of potash formation in the southwestern Tarim Basin during the early Paleocene.
Based on recent field investigation and compilation of well data,in this paper we conducted a tentative discussion on the sedimentary characteristics,distribution and genetic mode of the Paleocene evaporites in the southwestern Tarim basin.Results show that,the Tuyiluoke Formation typified by halite resulted from regression process but the Aertashi Formation marked by gypsum or anhydrites was a product of a slow transgression.The halite deposit of Tuyiluoke Formation,as a result of brine reflux within multi-subbasin system under a regression background,was controlled by multiple factors including regional tectonic activities and sea level changes.The sedimentary configuration during the early Paleogene from the Kalakumu Basin westward to the Fergana-Afghan-Tajik Basin to the southwestern Tarim Basin in the east displays a lake chain system with salinity increasing from west to east.Therefore,we conclude that the occurrence of preparation basin characterized by gypsum deposits between the southwestern Tarim Basin and the Tethys to the west resulted in the dominate halite deposits and the absence of gypsum deposits in the southwestern Tarim Basin during the Tuyilluoke Formation formed.The proposed genetic mode of brine reflux within a lake chain system is positive to a higher differentiation of salt materials,indicating a better prospect of potash formation in the southwestern Tarim Basin during the early Paleocene.
引文
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方爱民,马建英,王世刚,赵越,胡健民.2009.西昆仑—塔西南坳陷晚古生代以来的沉积构造演化.岩石学报,25(12):3396~3406.
宫红良,陈正乐,胡远清,李丽,李胜祥,郑恩玖,韩效忠.2007.伊犁盆地白垩纪剥露事件的裂变径迹证据.地质力学学报,13(1):42~50.
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郭召杰,吴朝东,张志诚,王美娜,方世虎.2006.乌鲁木齐后峡地区侏罗系沉积特征,剥露过程及中新生代盆山关系讨论.高校地质学报,11(4):558~567.
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贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君.1995.塔里木盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.北京:石油工业出版社.
贾承造,杨树锋,陈汉林,魏国齐.2001.特提斯北缘盆地群构造地质与天然气.北京:石油工业出版社.
贾承造,陈汉林,杨树锋,卢华复,周宇章.2003.库车坳陷晚白垩世隆升过程及其地质响应.石油学报,24(3):1~5.
贾进华.2009.塔里木盆地早白垩世沉积相特征与古地理.古地理学报,11(2):167~176.
李忠,王清晨,王道轩,林伟.2003.晚新生代天山隆升与库车坳陷构造转换的沉积约束.沉积学报,21(1):38~45.
廖林,程晓敢,王步清,陈汉林,罗俊成,师骏.2010.塔里木盆地西南缘中生代沉积古环境恢复.地质学报,84(8):1195~1207.
刘训,吴绍祖,傅德荣.1997.塔里木板块周缘的沉积-构造演化.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.
罗金海,车自成,李继亮.2000.中亚及中国西部侏罗纪沉积盆地的构造特征.地质科学,35(4):404~413.
罗金海,周新源,邱斌,杨芝林,尹宏,李建立.2005.塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂对喀什凹陷的控制作用.新疆石油地质,25(6):584~587.
桑洪,曹养同,朱礼春,张华,张亮,姚佛军,曾昌民,焦鹏程,姜红,梁华.2014.塔西南坳陷中新生代蒸发岩沉积初探.古地理学报,16(4):473~482.
舒良树,郭召杰,朱文斌,卢华复,王博.2004.天山地区碰撞后构造与盆山演化.高校地质学报,10(3):393~404.
谭红兵.2005.塔里木盆地西部古盐岩地球化学与成钾预测研究.西宁:中国科学院青海盐湖研究所博士学位论文.
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田在艺,柴桂林,林梁.1990.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社.
王得林.1989.塔里木盆地古新世海进特征与石膏成因模式.新疆地质,7(4):52~59.
王素华,钱祥麟.1999.中亚与中国西北盆地构造演化及含油气性.石油与天然气地质,20(4):321~325.
王永,傅德荣.1996.塔里木盆地西南部白垩纪—早第三纪沉积构造演化.地球学报,17(1):32~40.
杨庚,钱祥麟.1995.库车坳陷沉降与天山中新生代构造活动.新疆地质,13(3):264~274.
雍天寿,单金榜.1986.白垩纪及早第三纪塔里木海湾的形成与发展.沉积学报,4(3):67~75.
张春生,肖安成.2000.塔西南坳陷件罗系断陷盆地沉积特征.矿物岩石,20(3):41~45.
张华,刘成林,曹养同,孙宏伟,王立成.2013.塔里木古海湾新生代海退时限及方式的初步探讨.地球学报,34(5):577~584.
张惠良,沈扬,张荣虎,李玉文,杨晓宁,刘胜,邱斌,杨芝林.2005.塔里木盆地西南部昆仑山前下白垩统沉积相特征及石油地质意义.古地理学报,7(2):157~168.
张少丽,程遂欣.2002,塔里木盆地西南缘侏罗纪含煤岩系聚煤规律.新疆地质,20(1):67~71.
钟大康,朱筱敏.2002.塔里木盆地喀什凹陷侏罗纪古环境.古地理学报,4(4):47~54.Bosboom R E,Dupont-Nivet G,Houben\sA J,Brinkhuis H,Villa G,Mandic O,Stoica M,Zachariasse\sW J,Guo Z J,Li C X,Krijasman W.2011.Late Eocene sea\sretreat from the Tarim Basin(west China)and concomitant\sAsian paleoenvironmental change.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,299(3):385~398.
Burtman V S.2000.Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir\sand Tien Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir-Tien Shan\stransition zone for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene.Tectonophysics,319(2):69~92.
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