利益相关者视域下中国旅游上市企业效率研究——基于超效率DEA-Tobit两步法分析
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摘要
当价值创造取代价值捕获时,企业价值的实现越来越依赖于利益相关者之间的高效合作。过往研究多从空间维度对旅游效率进行评价和研究,鲜有从利益相关者的视角衡量旅游企业的可持续价值创造能力。借鉴利益相关理论,基于超效率DEA-BCC思想对我国29家旅游上市公司展开效率评价,解决了传统研究中无法对有效率的单元进一步排序的弊端。进而通过Tobit模型的回归分析发现:(1)在价值创造视域下,利益相关者关系作为关键变量,是影响我国旅游上市企业效率的核心因素;(2)债权人关系对企业效率有显著的负向影响,而顾客关系、供应商关系均显著性地促进旅游上市企业效率提升,股东关系、员工关系、管理者关系和政府关系则对旅游上市企业效率提升影响不显著。
When value creation replaces value capture,more and more companies realize the value of efficient cooperation between the stakeholders.Previous studies mostly focus on the study on efficiency evaluation and spatial dimension of tourism.From the stakeholder perspective few sustainable tourism enterprises have the ability to create value.Referring to the stakeholder theory,contract theory and prospect theory,based on a super efficiency DEA-BCC efficiency evaluation on 32 tourism listed companies in China,the paper effectively solves the sort of disadvantage.Then Tobit model of regression analysis found that:(1)From the perspective of value creation,and stakeholder relationships as the key variable is the key factor in the efficiency of China's listed tourism companies;Shareholders have a significant negative impact on enterprise efficiency,employee relations,customer relations and government relations to promote efficiency of listed tourism companies were significantly improved.Shareholders have a significant negative impact on enterprise efficiency,employee relations,customer relations and government relations to promote efficiency of listed tourism companies.
When value creation replaces value capture,more and more companies realize the value of efficient cooperation between the stakeholders.Previous studies mostly focus on the study on efficiency evaluation and spatial dimension of tourism.From the stakeholder perspective few sustainable tourism enterprises have the ability to create value.Referring to the stakeholder theory,contract theory and prospect theory,based on a super efficiency DEA-BCC efficiency evaluation on 32 tourism listed companies in China,the paper effectively solves the sort of disadvantage.Then Tobit model of regression analysis found that:(1)From the perspective of value creation,and stakeholder relationships as the key variable is the key factor in the efficiency of China's listed tourism companies;Shareholders have a significant negative impact on enterprise efficiency,employee relations,customer relations and government relations to promote efficiency of listed tourism companies were significantly improved.Shareholders have a significant negative impact on enterprise efficiency,employee relations,customer relations and government relations to promote efficiency of listed tourism companies.
引文
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[26]WANG N X,JIA Y,GE S L,et al.Dynamics of organizational multi-level business-IT alignment:a case study of Haier[J].Management review,2016,28(7):261-272.[王念新,贾昱,葛世伦,等.企业多层次信息技术与业务匹配的动态性:基于海尔的案例研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(7):261-272.]
[27]YAO Y B,ZHANG D,HE L.Evaluation on operating efficiency of listed tourism companies:evidence from China[J].Tourism forum,2014,7(5):49-58.[姚延波,张丹,何蕾.旅游上市公司经营效率评价:来自中国的经验证据[J].旅游论坛,2014,7(5):49-58.]
[28]XU C S.Fiscal decentralization,environment under the rule of law and efficiency of local tourism industry[J].Tourism tribune,2012,27(5):80-87.[许陈生.财政分权、法治环境与地方旅游业效率[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(5):80-87.]
[2]XIAO W,FAN W J.The development of the paradox of China’s service industry research based on“two wave”development pattern[J].Economist.2012(7):88-95.[肖文,樊文静.中国服务业发展悖论:基于“两波”发展模式的研究[J].经济学家.2012(7):88-95.]
[3]ASSAF A G.Benchmarking the Asia Pacific tourism industry:a Bayesian combination of stochastic frontier[J].Tourism management,2015,33(5):1122-1127.
[4]BARROS C A P,SANTOS C A.The measurement of efficiency in Portuguese hotels using data envelopment analysis[J].Acta ophthalmologica,2006,30(3):378-400.
[5]FUENTES R.Efficiency of travel agencies:a case study of Alicante,Spain[J].Tourism management,2011,32(1):75-87.
[6]CRACOLICI M F,NIJKAMP P,RIETVELD P.Assessment of tourism competitiveness by analyzing destination efficiency[J].Ssrn electronic journal,2006,3(2):325-342.
[7]KAO M C,LIN C Y,LAI M C,et al.Expolring the efficiency of international tourism development in an emerging market[J].African journal of business management,2015,5(17):7526-7532.
[8]MA X L,BAO J G.Study on the evolution of Chinese primary cities'tourism efficiency influence factors[J].Economic geography,2009,29(7):1203-1208.[马晓龙,保继刚.中国主要城市旅游效率影响因素的演化[J].经济地理,2009,29(7):1203-1208.]
[9]BARROS C P.Evaluating the efficiency of a small hotel chain with a Malmquist productivity index[J].International journal of tourism research,2005,7(3):173-184.
[10]BARROS C P.Measuring efficiency in the hotel sector[J].Annals of tourism research,2005,32(2):456-477.
[11]BARROS C P,MATIAS A.Assessing the efficiency of travel agencies with a stochastic cost frontier:a Portuguese case study[J].International journal of tourism research,2006,8(5):367-379.
[12]CHOONGKI L,HAN S H.Estimating the use and preservation values of national parks'tourism resources using a contingent valuation method[J].Tourism management,2002,23(5):531-540.
[13]MICHALENA E,HILLS J,AMAT J P.Developing sustainable tourism,using a multicriteria analysis on renewable energy in Mediterranean Islands[J].Energy for sustainable development,2009,13(2):129-136.
[14]FERNANDES E,PACHECO R R.Efficient use of airport capacity[J].Transportation research part a policy&practice,2002,36(3):225-238.
[15]JIAN Y F,LIU C S.Research on the stochastic frontier function and hotel managerial efficiency and its affecting factors:based on tourism hotel in Zhangjiajie[J].Tourism forum.2009,2(4):540-544.[简玉峰,刘长生.随机前沿函数、酒店管理效率及其影响因素研究:基于张家界市旅游酒店的实证分析[J].旅游论坛,2009,2(4):540-544.]
[16]CHEN Y Y,TAO Z X,ZHANG S N.Study on the influence of diversified tourist enterprise performance[J].Communication of finance and accounting,2013(32):19-21.[陈咏英,陶珍霞,张舒宁.多元化旅游企业绩效影响研究[J].财会通讯,2013(32):19-21.]
[17]TAO Z M,XUE X W,GUAN J J.Efficiency characteristics analysis of tourism industry in China based on the method of DEA[J].Acta geographica sinica,2012,65(8):1004-1012.[陶卓民,薛献伟,管晶晶.基于数据包络分析的中国旅游业发展效率特征[J].地理学报,2012,65(8):1004-1012.]
[18]ZHU C L,YUE H Z,YAN H P,et al.Study on the efficiency of regional tourism industry in China based on schochastic frontline production and cost function estimation[J].Tourism tribune,2009,24(12):18-22.[朱程亮,岳宏志,严汉平,等.基于随机前沿生产函数的我国区域旅游产业效率研究[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(12):18-22.]
[19]LI R Y,HUANG C Z.Variation of regional difference in efficiency of China’s tourism enterprise[J].Tourism forum,2014,7(2):41-49.[李如友,黄常州.我国旅游企业效率区域差异及其变动特征[J].旅游论坛,2014,7(2):41-49.]
[20]FREEMAN R E.Ethical theory and business[M].Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1994
[21]MA Y,CHEN H Y.Study of the system construction of the whole tourism value chain based on industry integration[J].Tourism research,2012,4(2):1-6.[马勇,陈慧英.基于产业融合的旅游全价值链体系构建研究[J].旅游研究,2012,4(2):1-6.]
[22]JI J Y,KONG J J.The study on the efficiency evaluation considered undesirable output and its influencing factors of commercial banks from the perspective of stakeholder relationship[J].Chinese journal of management science.2013,21(6):30-37.[纪建悦,孔胶胶.利益相关者关系视角下考虑非期望产出的商业银行效率问题研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(6):30-37.]
[23]BANKER R D,CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis[J].Management science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[24]ANDERSEN P,PETERSEN N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management science,1993,39(10):1261-1264.
[25]JOHNS N,HOWCROFT B,DRAKE L.The use of data development analysis to monitor hotel productivity[J].Progress in tourism and hospitality research,1997,3(2):119-127.
[26]WANG N X,JIA Y,GE S L,et al.Dynamics of organizational multi-level business-IT alignment:a case study of Haier[J].Management review,2016,28(7):261-272.[王念新,贾昱,葛世伦,等.企业多层次信息技术与业务匹配的动态性:基于海尔的案例研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(7):261-272.]
[27]YAO Y B,ZHANG D,HE L.Evaluation on operating efficiency of listed tourism companies:evidence from China[J].Tourism forum,2014,7(5):49-58.[姚延波,张丹,何蕾.旅游上市公司经营效率评价:来自中国的经验证据[J].旅游论坛,2014,7(5):49-58.]
[28]XU C S.Fiscal decentralization,environment under the rule of law and efficiency of local tourism industry[J].Tourism tribune,2012,27(5):80-87.[许陈生.财政分权、法治环境与地方旅游业效率[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(5):80-87.]