化学氧化法应急处理甲醛污染饮用水源的工艺研究
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摘要
采用化学氧化法应急处理甲醛污染饮用水源,探讨H_2O_2、NaClO、Ca(ClO)_2、KMnO_4、K_2FeO_4这5种氧化剂在典型浓度下投加量、pH、时间、温度等反应条件对甲醛废水的去除效果并找出最佳工艺条件。结果表明,H_2O_2、NaClO、Ca(ClO)_2可作为应急处理甲醛污染饮用水源的药剂,典型浓度下处理的最佳工艺条件:常规pH条件下反应30 min,当水中甲醛浓度依次超标10、20、50、100、200、500、1 000倍时,0~20℃时分别投加20 g/L Ca(ClO)_2、100 mL/L NaClO(8%)、25g/L Ca(ClO)2、200 mL/L NaClO、100 g/L Ca(ClO)_2、300 mL/L NaClO、400 mL/L NaClO;20~35℃时适宜投加H2O2(30%),分别投加60、100、120、250、400、600、800 mL/L。经处理后甲醛浓度基本能降到标限以内,甲醛去除率可达到99%以上。
The chemical oxidation method has been used for the emergency treatment of formaldehyde polluted drinking water sources. The removing effects of five kinds of oxidants,including H_2O_2,NaClO,Ca(ClO)_2,KMnO_4 and K_2FeO_4,on formaldehyde wastewater,under the following reaction conditions,such as dosages with typical concentrations,p H value,reaction time,temperature,initial concentration of pollutants,etc.,as well as the optimal process conditions,have been investigated. The results show that H_2O_2,NaClO and Ca(ClO)_2 can be used as the best chemical agents for emergency treatment of formaldehyde polluted drinking water sources. Under typical concentrations,the optimal treatment process conditions are as follows:the reaction time is 30 min,under conventional pH conditions.When the concentrations of formaldehyde in water exceed the standard in sequence of 10,20,50,100,200,500,1 000 times,and the temperature is 0-20 ℃,Ca(ClO)220 g/L,NaClO(8%) 100 m L/L,Ca(ClO)225 g/L,NaClO 200 m L/L,Ca(ClO)_2 100 g/L,NaClO 300 m L/L,and NaClO 400 m L/L ought to be added. When the temperature is 20-35 ℃,it is suitable to add H_2O_2(30%),adding 60,100,120,250,400,600,800 m L/L respectively. After the treatment,the formaldehyde concentration can basically be reduced below the standard limit value,and the removing rate can be above 99%.
The chemical oxidation method has been used for the emergency treatment of formaldehyde polluted drinking water sources. The removing effects of five kinds of oxidants,including H_2O_2,NaClO,Ca(ClO)_2,KMnO_4 and K_2FeO_4,on formaldehyde wastewater,under the following reaction conditions,such as dosages with typical concentrations,p H value,reaction time,temperature,initial concentration of pollutants,etc.,as well as the optimal process conditions,have been investigated. The results show that H_2O_2,NaClO and Ca(ClO)_2 can be used as the best chemical agents for emergency treatment of formaldehyde polluted drinking water sources. Under typical concentrations,the optimal treatment process conditions are as follows:the reaction time is 30 min,under conventional pH conditions.When the concentrations of formaldehyde in water exceed the standard in sequence of 10,20,50,100,200,500,1 000 times,and the temperature is 0-20 ℃,Ca(ClO)220 g/L,NaClO(8%) 100 m L/L,Ca(ClO)225 g/L,NaClO 200 m L/L,Ca(ClO)_2 100 g/L,NaClO 300 m L/L,and NaClO 400 m L/L ought to be added. When the temperature is 20-35 ℃,it is suitable to add H_2O_2(30%),adding 60,100,120,250,400,600,800 m L/L respectively. After the treatment,the formaldehyde concentration can basically be reduced below the standard limit value,and the removing rate can be above 99%.
引文
[1]陆少鸣,陶光华,王健.饮用水原水突发性铬污染的应急处理研究[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(11):136-138.
[2]孙文彦.饮用水常见污染防治及污染事件应急处理[J].节能环保,2014(33):1025.
[3] Guimaraes J R,Farah C R,Maniero M G,et al. Degradation of formaldehyde by advanced oxidation processes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,107(3)96-101.
[4]施悦,李宁,李永峰.环境氧化还原处理技术原理与应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2013:127-128.
[2]孙文彦.饮用水常见污染防治及污染事件应急处理[J].节能环保,2014(33):1025.
[3] Guimaraes J R,Farah C R,Maniero M G,et al. Degradation of formaldehyde by advanced oxidation processes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,107(3)96-101.
[4]施悦,李宁,李永峰.环境氧化还原处理技术原理与应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2013:127-128.