2013-2017年延河水质变化及其影响因素
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摘要
[目的]分析延河水质变化趋势及其主要影响因素,为延河水质状况评估和水污染防治提供科学依据。[方法]应用Pearson相关性原理,构建适用于延河水质评价分析的指标体系,在此基础上对延河2013—2017年283组水质监测数据进行统计分析。[结果] 2013—2017年延河水质的内梅罗指数逐年上升,水质状况逐年下降;延河水质变化中,氨氮在评价指标体系中的贡献率逐年增大,2017年已经达到38.7%,远超其他污染物。改善延河水质,氨氮的总量控制和治理会是重中之重。[结论]①在满足科学性、合理性的前提下,采用由氨氮、总磷、石油类、化学需氧量这4个因子组成指标体系,可以使水质评价工作简化,操作性更强。②改善水源的生态补给状况同时控制入河污染物总量是延河生态发展的必由之路。
[Objective] In order to provide scientific support for the prevention and control of water pollution in Yanhe River, the change trend of Yanhe water quality and the main influencing factors were studied. [Methods] An optimal index system was established by Pearson correlation principle to evaluate the water quality of Yanhe River. Based on the system, 283 data series of water quality(2013—2017) were analyzed. [Results] The Nemero index of Yanhe water quality increased and the water quality deteriorated year by year from 2013 to 2017. In the change of Yanhe water quality, the contribution rate of ammonia nitrogen in the evaluation index system increased year by year. It has reached 38.7% in 2017, far exceeding other pollutants. To improve the water quality of the Yanhe River, the total amount of ammonia nitrogen should be mainly controlled. [Conclusion] ① Using an index system including the four factors of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, petroleum and chemical oxygen demand can make the evaluation work more simple and exercisable. ② Controlling the total amount of ammonia nitrogen into the river and improving fresh water supply would reverse the deteriorative trend of Yanhe River.
[Objective] In order to provide scientific support for the prevention and control of water pollution in Yanhe River, the change trend of Yanhe water quality and the main influencing factors were studied. [Methods] An optimal index system was established by Pearson correlation principle to evaluate the water quality of Yanhe River. Based on the system, 283 data series of water quality(2013—2017) were analyzed. [Results] The Nemero index of Yanhe water quality increased and the water quality deteriorated year by year from 2013 to 2017. In the change of Yanhe water quality, the contribution rate of ammonia nitrogen in the evaluation index system increased year by year. It has reached 38.7% in 2017, far exceeding other pollutants. To improve the water quality of the Yanhe River, the total amount of ammonia nitrogen should be mainly controlled. [Conclusion] ① Using an index system including the four factors of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, petroleum and chemical oxygen demand can make the evaluation work more simple and exercisable. ② Controlling the total amount of ammonia nitrogen into the river and improving fresh water supply would reverse the deteriorative trend of Yanhe River.
引文
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[2] 杨宁,冀德刚,李双金.Pearson相关分析法在京津冀空气质量分析中的应用[J].农业科学与技术,2015,16(3):590-592.
[3] 李名升,张建辉,梁念,等.常用水环境质量评价方法分析与比较[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):617-624.
[4] 国家环境保护总局.GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[5] 万黎,毛炳启.Spearman秩相关系数的批量计算[J].环境保护科学,2008,34(5):53-55,72.
[6] 谈旭初.依据污染分担率划分地表水污染类型的方法[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(4):7-8,12.
[7] 高红杰,郑利杰,嵇晓燕.典型城市地表水综合评价方法研究[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(5):55-60.