微电极制备、表面修饰及活体/单细胞电分析应用
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摘要
微电极是指至少在一维尺度上不大于25μm的电极。微电极由于尺寸小而具有一些常规电极无法比拟的性质,如具有电流密度高、响应速度快、欧姆压降(iR降)小、信噪比高等特点。微电极特殊的性质使其在电化学测试中具有独特的优点和重要性,并在分析化学、生物学及医学等方面得到了广泛应用,尤其在生命分析领域如在单细胞检测和活体分析中具有众多重要的应用。微电极的设计制备是微电极电化学发展应用的关键,目前涌现出的制备微电极的技术有电化学刻蚀法、电沉积法、自组装技术、化学镀层技术等,这些制备方法为快速制备微电极提供了可能性。本文综述了近年来微电极的研究进展,包括微电极的特点、分类、制备方法及其单细胞检测和活体分析方面的应用,最后提出了微电极面临的挑战与发展方向。
The microelectrode is referred to the scale(at least one dimension)is not more than 25 μm,and the size is smaller than the diffusion layer thickness.Microelectrode has unique nature due to their small size.Increasing interests have been drawn in microelectrode fabrication and application since microelectrode possesses special features such as high current density,rapid response,immunity to ohmic drop,high signal to noise ratio.Microelectrode plays an important role in electrochemical technology for its unique properties,and there are many applications in the field of life analysis,such as the single cell detection and in vivo analysis.The preparation of microelectrode is the key to the application of microelectrode electrochemical development.According to the excellent performance of microelectrode,many technologies are involved in the preparation of microelectrode, such as electrochemical etching, electro-deposition method, self-assembly technology, electroless plating technology.Meanwhile,the preparation methods provide the possibility for rapid preparation of microelectrodes.According to different characteristics of the conventional electrodes,microelectrode research progress in recent years are reviewed,including the unique characteristics of microelectrode,classification and preparation methods of microelectrodes, applications in the field of life analysis, the challenge for the microelectrode and development direction.
The microelectrode is referred to the scale(at least one dimension)is not more than 25 μm,and the size is smaller than the diffusion layer thickness.Microelectrode has unique nature due to their small size.Increasing interests have been drawn in microelectrode fabrication and application since microelectrode possesses special features such as high current density,rapid response,immunity to ohmic drop,high signal to noise ratio.Microelectrode plays an important role in electrochemical technology for its unique properties,and there are many applications in the field of life analysis,such as the single cell detection and in vivo analysis.The preparation of microelectrode is the key to the application of microelectrode electrochemical development.According to the excellent performance of microelectrode,many technologies are involved in the preparation of microelectrode, such as electrochemical etching, electro-deposition method, self-assembly technology, electroless plating technology.Meanwhile,the preparation methods provide the possibility for rapid preparation of microelectrodes.According to different characteristics of the conventional electrodes,microelectrode research progress in recent years are reviewed,including the unique characteristics of microelectrode,classification and preparation methods of microelectrodes, applications in the field of life analysis, the challenge for the microelectrode and development direction.
引文
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[63]Strein T G,Ewing A G.Anal.Chem.,1992,64(13):1368.
[64]Strand A M,Venton B J.Anal.Chem.,2008,80(10):3708.
[65]Li X Y,Liu X H,Wang W W,Li L,Lu X Q.Biosens.Bioelectron.,2014,59:221.
[66]Liu Y,Sun G Z,Jiang C B,Zheng X T,Zheng L X.Microchim.Acta,2014,181(1/2):63.
[67]Chen Y,Li Q,Jiang H,Wang X M.J.Electroanal.Chem.,2016,781:233.
[68]Yao D C,Vlessidis A G,Evmiridis N P.Microchim.Acta,2004,147(1/2):1.
[69]Griveau S,Bedioui F.Anal.Bioanal.Chem.,2013,405(11):3475.
[70]Trouillon R.Biol.Chem.,2012,394(1):17.
[71]Zhang X J.Front.Biosci.Landmrk.,2004,9:3434.
[72]Xu T,Scafa N,Xu L P,Su L,Li C Z,Zhou S F,Liu Y,Zhang X J.Electroanal.,2014,26(3):449.
[73]Privett B J,Shin J H,Schoenfisch M H.Chem.Soc.Rev.,2010,39(6):1925.
[74]Daniel M C,Astruc D.Chem.Rev.,2004,104(1):293.
[75]Jain P K,Huang X H,El-Sayed I H,El-Sayed M A.Plasmonics,2007,2(3):107.
[76]Rothrock A R,Donkers R L,Schoenfisch M H.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2005,127(26):9362.
[77]Polizzi M A,Stasko N A,Schoenfisch M H.Langmuir,2007,23(9):4938.
[78]Caruso E B,Petralia S,Conoci S,Giuffrida S,Sortino S.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2007,129(3):480.
[79]Dang X P,Hu C G,Wang Y K,Hu S S.Sens.Actuators B,2011,160:260.
[80]Feeny R M,Wydallis J B,Chen T,Tobet S,Reynolds M M,Henry C S.Electroanalysis,2015,27(5):1104.
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