世界主要国家海洋环境监测情况及对我国的启示
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摘要
我国的海洋环境监测工作已经取得了长足进步,但与发达国家相比还存在差距,对国际先进经验和技术进行学习与借鉴是非常重要的。本文主要分析了美国、加拿大、日本、韩国和芬兰等国家的海洋环境监测情况,主要从海洋环境监测机构、海洋环境监测项目和海洋环境监测参数等方面进行了介绍和研究,提出了国际海洋环境监测的特点,并在此基础上从监测制度、监测体系和国际交流合作三个方面对我国海洋环境监测提出建议。
China has already made striking progresses on marine environmental monitoring. However,there still remain some gaps compared with developed countries and makes it very important to learn from international advanced experiences and technologies. This article mainly analyzed the marine environmental monitoring work of the United States,Canada,Japan,South Korea and Finland. Their marine environmental monitoring organizations,monitoring projects and environmental parameters were introduced and studied respectively,and the characteristics of international marine environmental monitoring were summarized. Also,suggestions were made accordingly in the respects of monitoring institutions,monitoring systems and international cooperation on marine environmental monitoring of China.
China has already made striking progresses on marine environmental monitoring. However,there still remain some gaps compared with developed countries and makes it very important to learn from international advanced experiences and technologies. This article mainly analyzed the marine environmental monitoring work of the United States,Canada,Japan,South Korea and Finland. Their marine environmental monitoring organizations,monitoring projects and environmental parameters were introduced and studied respectively,and the characteristics of international marine environmental monitoring were summarized. Also,suggestions were made accordingly in the respects of monitoring institutions,monitoring systems and international cooperation on marine environmental monitoring of China.
引文
[1]范晓莉.海洋环境保护的法律制度与国际合作[D].北京:中国政法大学,2003.
[2]路文海,向先全,杨翼,等.海洋环境监测数据处理技术流程与方法研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2015(2):58-62.
[3]李慧青,叶颖,李燕,等.国外业务化海洋观测与预报进展及对我国的启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2015(2):21-24.
[4]US Environmental Protection Agency.EPA organizationchart[EB/OL].[2016-04-22].https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-organization-chart
[5]United States Environmental Protection Agency.National coastal condition report IV[EB/OL].(2012-04).https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-10/documents/0_nccr_4_report_508_bookmarks.pdf.
[6]陈平,李曌,李俊龙.日本海洋环境质量标准体系现状及启示[J].环境与可持续发展,2012,37(6):69-76.
[7]陈平,李曌,李俊龙.日本海洋环境监测实施情况及启示[J].环境与可持续发展,2012,37(3):86-89.
[8]林武辉,陈立奇,何建华,等.日本福岛核事故后的海洋放射性监测进展[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):269-276.
[9]Ministry of the Environment,Government of Japan.Present status of marine pollution in the sea around Japan[EB/OL].(2009-10).http://www.env.go.jp/water/kaiyo/monitoring/status_report/en-1.pdf.
[10]朱贤姬.中韩海洋环境管理的比较研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[11]刘霜,张继民,刘娜娜,等.芬兰湾海洋环境保护与管理及其对我国的启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(3):79-86.
[12]Finnish Environment Institute.Environmental monitoring in Finland 2009-2012[EB/OL].(2009-12).https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/38037.
[13]王炳华,赵明.美国环境监测一百年历史回顾及其借鉴[J].环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(6):13-17.
[14]许丽娜,王孝强.我国海洋环境监测工作现状及发展对策[J].海洋环境科学,2003,22(1):63-68.
[15]王千,李哲,范洁.我国近岸海洋生态环境监测研究进展[J].国土资源情报,2013(3):44-48.
[16]卢静雯.我国海洋环境监测工作现状及对策探析[J].科技创新与应用,2015(31):159.
[17]刘婧美.我国海洋环境监测现状及改进建议[J].河北渔业,2014(10):34-35,45.
[18]熊小飞,上官茂森,陈洁,等.我国海洋环境监测工作的发展对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2014(8):76-79.
[19]王英梅,刘闯.国内外海洋资源环境信息系统研究现状与发展趋势[J].资源科学,1999,21(6):75-79.
[20]HELCOM.Manual for marine monitoring in the COMBINE[EB/OL].(2015-02).http://www.helcom.fi/Lists/Publications/Manual%20for%20Marine%20Monitoring%20in%20the%20COMBINE%20Programme%20of%20HELCOM.pdf.
[2]路文海,向先全,杨翼,等.海洋环境监测数据处理技术流程与方法研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2015(2):58-62.
[3]李慧青,叶颖,李燕,等.国外业务化海洋观测与预报进展及对我国的启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2015(2):21-24.
[4]US Environmental Protection Agency.EPA organizationchart[EB/OL].[2016-04-22].https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-organization-chart
[5]United States Environmental Protection Agency.National coastal condition report IV[EB/OL].(2012-04).https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-10/documents/0_nccr_4_report_508_bookmarks.pdf.
[6]陈平,李曌,李俊龙.日本海洋环境质量标准体系现状及启示[J].环境与可持续发展,2012,37(6):69-76.
[7]陈平,李曌,李俊龙.日本海洋环境监测实施情况及启示[J].环境与可持续发展,2012,37(3):86-89.
[8]林武辉,陈立奇,何建华,等.日本福岛核事故后的海洋放射性监测进展[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):269-276.
[9]Ministry of the Environment,Government of Japan.Present status of marine pollution in the sea around Japan[EB/OL].(2009-10).http://www.env.go.jp/water/kaiyo/monitoring/status_report/en-1.pdf.
[10]朱贤姬.中韩海洋环境管理的比较研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[11]刘霜,张继民,刘娜娜,等.芬兰湾海洋环境保护与管理及其对我国的启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(3):79-86.
[12]Finnish Environment Institute.Environmental monitoring in Finland 2009-2012[EB/OL].(2009-12).https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/38037.
[13]王炳华,赵明.美国环境监测一百年历史回顾及其借鉴[J].环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(6):13-17.
[14]许丽娜,王孝强.我国海洋环境监测工作现状及发展对策[J].海洋环境科学,2003,22(1):63-68.
[15]王千,李哲,范洁.我国近岸海洋生态环境监测研究进展[J].国土资源情报,2013(3):44-48.
[16]卢静雯.我国海洋环境监测工作现状及对策探析[J].科技创新与应用,2015(31):159.
[17]刘婧美.我国海洋环境监测现状及改进建议[J].河北渔业,2014(10):34-35,45.
[18]熊小飞,上官茂森,陈洁,等.我国海洋环境监测工作的发展对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2014(8):76-79.
[19]王英梅,刘闯.国内外海洋资源环境信息系统研究现状与发展趋势[J].资源科学,1999,21(6):75-79.
[20]HELCOM.Manual for marine monitoring in the COMBINE[EB/OL].(2015-02).http://www.helcom.fi/Lists/Publications/Manual%20for%20Marine%20Monitoring%20in%20the%20COMBINE%20Programme%20of%20HELCOM.pdf.