川滇黔地区典型铅锌矿床成矿物质来源分析:来自S-Pb同位素证据
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摘要
川滇黔铅锌矿集区位于扬子地块西南缘,发育有400多个矿床(点),铅锌矿石储量超2亿t,Pb平均品位(质量分数)达5%,Zn平均品位达10%。矿体主要呈似层状、脉状赋存于震旦系—二叠系碳酸盐岩地层中,为碳酸盐岩容矿后生铅锌矿床。文中通过综合分析川滇黔矿集区21个典型矿床的S-Pb多元同位素数据,示踪成矿元素主要来源,并为进一步找矿提供指导。研究区大部分铅锌矿床硫化物的δ34S值介于9.0‰~28.6‰之间,与震旦系—二叠系地层中海水硫酸盐δ34S值(+8.0‰到+38.7‰)相似,暗示研究区铅锌矿床硫化物中的S主要来源于赋矿地层中海水硫酸盐,TSR作用是还原硫的主要生成机制。部分矿床中,含硫有机质热解可能是还原硫的另外一种生成机制。该区硫化物Pb同位素组成显示4种不同的成矿物质来源模式:(1)唐家等矿床Pb主要来源于基底岩石;(2)金沙厂、乐马厂、乐红等矿床Pb主要来源于基底富放射性成因Pb的岩层及盖层沉积岩中富有机质地层;(3)会泽、天宝山、茂租、银厂沟、大梁子、云炉河、毛坪、富乐、杉树林、天桥等矿床Pb主要来源于基底岩石和沉积盖层中多源流体的混合,峨眉山玄武岩可能提供少量成矿物质;(4)青山、赤普、银厂坡、筲箕湾、板板桥等矿床Pb主要来源于沉积盖层,基底岩石提供了部分成矿物质。典型矿床的S-Pb同位素组成特征表明成矿物质具有混合来源的特征。
The Sichuan-Yunan-Guizhou(Chuan-Dian-Qian)Pb-Zn metallogenic province,located along the western margin of the Yangtze block,comprises more than 400 ore deposits or prospects.The average Pb and Zn grades of its 200 Mt ore reserve are 5 and 10 wt%,respectively.The Pb-Zn ore bodies mainly distributed as stratoid or vein-type within the Sinian to Permian carbonate rocks,suggesting a typical epigenetic Pb-Zn mineralization.In this study,isotope data of S and Pb sulfides from 21 deposits were compiled to reveal the source of ore-forming materials,and provide guidance for further prospecting.Theδ34 S values of most sulfide minerals range from +9.0‰ to +28.6‰,similar to the Sinian-to-Permian seawater sulfate(+8.0‰ to+38.7‰).It suggests that S in sulfides mainly came from thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR)of the host-strata seawater sulfate.In addition,thermal decomposition of sulfur-bearing organic matter could provide part of reduced sulfur in mineralization in some Pb-Zn deposits.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the research area indicate four possible Pb sources:(1)Pb of the Tangjia deposit originated mainly from the basement rocks;(2)Pb in the Jinshachang,Lemachang and Lehong deposits mainly came from basement rocks containing radiogenic Pb isotopes and cap rock organic-rich sediments;(3)Pb of the Huize,Tianbaoshan,Maozu,Yinchanggou,Daliangzi,Yunluhe,Maoping,Fule,Shanshulin and Tianqiao deposits originated primarily from basement rocks and ore-forming fluid of multiple metal-bearing brine mixing in the cap stratum,and partly from Permian Emeishan basalt;(4)Pb of the Qingshan,Chipu,Yinchangpo,Shaojiwan and Banbanqiao deposits mainly came from sedimentary rocks,and partly from basement rocks.Themultiple S-Pb isotope composition in typical Pb-Zn deposits is indicative of mixed origin for ore-forming materials in the metallogenic province.
The Sichuan-Yunan-Guizhou(Chuan-Dian-Qian)Pb-Zn metallogenic province,located along the western margin of the Yangtze block,comprises more than 400 ore deposits or prospects.The average Pb and Zn grades of its 200 Mt ore reserve are 5 and 10 wt%,respectively.The Pb-Zn ore bodies mainly distributed as stratoid or vein-type within the Sinian to Permian carbonate rocks,suggesting a typical epigenetic Pb-Zn mineralization.In this study,isotope data of S and Pb sulfides from 21 deposits were compiled to reveal the source of ore-forming materials,and provide guidance for further prospecting.Theδ34 S values of most sulfide minerals range from +9.0‰ to +28.6‰,similar to the Sinian-to-Permian seawater sulfate(+8.0‰ to+38.7‰).It suggests that S in sulfides mainly came from thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR)of the host-strata seawater sulfate.In addition,thermal decomposition of sulfur-bearing organic matter could provide part of reduced sulfur in mineralization in some Pb-Zn deposits.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the research area indicate four possible Pb sources:(1)Pb of the Tangjia deposit originated mainly from the basement rocks;(2)Pb in the Jinshachang,Lemachang and Lehong deposits mainly came from basement rocks containing radiogenic Pb isotopes and cap rock organic-rich sediments;(3)Pb of the Huize,Tianbaoshan,Maozu,Yinchanggou,Daliangzi,Yunluhe,Maoping,Fule,Shanshulin and Tianqiao deposits originated primarily from basement rocks and ore-forming fluid of multiple metal-bearing brine mixing in the cap stratum,and partly from Permian Emeishan basalt;(4)Pb of the Qingshan,Chipu,Yinchangpo,Shaojiwan and Banbanqiao deposits mainly came from sedimentary rocks,and partly from basement rocks.Themultiple S-Pb isotope composition in typical Pb-Zn deposits is indicative of mixed origin for ore-forming materials in the metallogenic province.
引文
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[4]张志斌,李朝阳,涂光炽,等.川、滇、黔接壤地区铅锌矿床产出的大地构造演化背景及成矿作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(3):343-354.
[5]张长青.中国川滇黔交界地区密西西比型(MVT)铅锌矿床成矿模型[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.
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[8]韩润生,胡煜昭,王学琨,等.滇东北富锗银铅锌多金属矿集区矿床模型[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):280-294.
[9]HAN R S,LIU C Q,HUANG Z L,et al.Geological features and origin of the Huize carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb-(Ag)District,Yunnan,South China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2007,31(1):360-383.
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[14]黄智龙,李文博,张振亮,等.云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床成因研究中的几个问题[J].矿物学报,2004,24(2):105-111.
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[16]李文博,黄智龙,张冠.云南会泽铅锌矿田成矿物质来源:Pb、S、C、H、O、Sr同位素制约[J].岩石学报,2006,22(10):2567-2580.
[17]张长青,毛景文,余金杰,等.四川甘洛赤普铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿机制初步探讨[J].岩石学报,2007,23(10):2541-2552.
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[19]WANG C M,BAGAS L,LU Y J,et al.Terrane boundary and spatio-temporal distribution of ore deposits in the Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen:insights from zircon Hf-isotopic mapping[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2016,156:39-65.
[20]QIU L,YAN D P,TANG S L,et al.Mesozoic geology of southwestern China:Indosinian foreland overthrusting and subsequent deformation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,122:91-105.
[21]LO C H,CHUNG S L,LEE T Y,et al.Age of the Emeishan flood magmatism and relations to Permian-Triassic boundary events[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,198(3/4):449-458.
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[23]ZHOU J X,HUANG Z L,BAO G P.Geological and sulfurlead-strontium isotopic studies of the Shaojiwan Pb-Zn deposit,Southwest China:implications for the origin of hydrothermal fluids[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013,128(2):51-61.
[24]林方成.康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床铅同位素组成特征及其成因意义[J].特提斯地质,1995(19):131-137.
[25]司荣军.云南省富乐分散元素多金属矿床地球化学研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2014.
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