黔西南萤石矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征
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摘要
对黔西南州普安、晴隆、贞丰和望谟等地4个代表性萤石矿床的成矿特征及其萤石流体包裹体地球化学特征等进行了系统研究。黔西南地区的萤石矿床主要受二叠系茅口组和玄武岩组之间的"大厂层"控制,少量发育于玄武岩及其上覆、下伏灰岩断裂带中。四个典型萤石矿床中不同类型(颜色)萤石流体包裹体地球化学特征存在较大差异,表现为紫色萤石具有相对较高的均一温度和盐度,均一温度为157～264℃,平均190℃,盐度变化在4.03%～5.26%NaCl equiv.;浅色萤石具有相对较低的均一温度和盐度,均一温度为100～176℃,平均140℃,盐度变化在1.91%～5.86%NaCl equiv.。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示,不同类型(颜色)萤石流体包裹体中的气相成分相似,主要为H_2、H_2S、CH_4和少量的CO_2及烃类有机物,液相成分主要为H_2O(L)、HCO~(3-)和HS~-。流体包裹体地球化学特征显示,黔西南地区萤石矿床成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度特点,流体体系主体属于NaCl-H_2O体系。结合前人研究资料,本文认为萤石矿床的成矿流体与区域上的Sb矿床甚至Au矿床属于同一成矿流体,只是萤石矿床属于这一流体晚期成矿的产物,即晚期流体通过混合作用和水-岩相互作用等过程在"大厂层"形成似层状、透镜状萤石矿体,在玄武岩和灰岩断裂带中形成脉状萤石矿体。
In this paper, the metallogenic characteristics and geochemistry of fluid inclusions within fluorite from four typical fluorite deposits in Puan, Qinglong, Zhenfeng, and Wangmo counties in Southwest Guizhou have been systematically studied. Orebodies of these fluorite deposits are mainly controlled by the "Dachang Bed", which is sandwiched between the Permian basalt and Permian Maokou Formation, with minor orebodies developed in faults within the basalt and its overlying and underlying limestone strata. The geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions within different types(colored) of fluorites from four typical fluorite deposits are quite different. Fluid inclusions in the purple fluorite have relatively high homogenization temperatures varying from 157 to 264 ℃(average 190 ℃) and salinities varying from 4.03 to 5.26% NaCl equiv. Fluid inclusions in the light colored fluorite have relatively low homogenization temperatures varying from 100 to 176 ℃(average 140 ℃) and salinities varying from 1.91 to 5.86% NaCl equiv. Microscopic laser Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the compositions of fluid inclusions within different types(colored) of fluorites are similar, with major gas phases of H_2, H_2S, and CH_4, minor gas phases of of CO_2 and hydrocarbon, and liquid phase components of H_2O(L), HCO~(3-), and HS~-. The geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of fluorite deposits in southwestern Guizhou are characterized with the medium-low homogenization temperatures and low salinities NaCl-H_2O system. Combined with previous research data, It is believed that the ore-forming fluids of the fluorite deposits could be sourced from the same original fluids for the Sb and even Au mineralization in the area, but the fluorite deposits were formed, in forms of layered, lenticular fluorite orebodies in the "Dachang Bed" or veining orebodies in faults within the basalts and limestone, by the evolved fluids through the processes of fluids mixing at the early stage and water-rock interactions in the late mineralization stage.
In this paper, the metallogenic characteristics and geochemistry of fluid inclusions within fluorite from four typical fluorite deposits in Puan, Qinglong, Zhenfeng, and Wangmo counties in Southwest Guizhou have been systematically studied. Orebodies of these fluorite deposits are mainly controlled by the "Dachang Bed", which is sandwiched between the Permian basalt and Permian Maokou Formation, with minor orebodies developed in faults within the basalt and its overlying and underlying limestone strata. The geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions within different types(colored) of fluorites from four typical fluorite deposits are quite different. Fluid inclusions in the purple fluorite have relatively high homogenization temperatures varying from 157 to 264 ℃(average 190 ℃) and salinities varying from 4.03 to 5.26% NaCl equiv. Fluid inclusions in the light colored fluorite have relatively low homogenization temperatures varying from 100 to 176 ℃(average 140 ℃) and salinities varying from 1.91 to 5.86% NaCl equiv. Microscopic laser Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the compositions of fluid inclusions within different types(colored) of fluorites are similar, with major gas phases of H_2, H_2S, and CH_4, minor gas phases of of CO_2 and hydrocarbon, and liquid phase components of H_2O(L), HCO~(3-), and HS~-. The geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of fluorite deposits in southwestern Guizhou are characterized with the medium-low homogenization temperatures and low salinities NaCl-H_2O system. Combined with previous research data, It is believed that the ore-forming fluids of the fluorite deposits could be sourced from the same original fluids for the Sb and even Au mineralization in the area, but the fluorite deposits were formed, in forms of layered, lenticular fluorite orebodies in the "Dachang Bed" or veining orebodies in faults within the basalts and limestone, by the evolved fluids through the processes of fluids mixing at the early stage and water-rock interactions in the late mineralization stage.
引文
[1]王吉平,商朋强,熊先孝,等.中国萤石矿床成矿规律[J].中国地质,2015,42(1):18-32.
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[6]彭建堂,胡瑞忠,蒋国豪.萤石Sm-Nd同位素体系对晴隆锑矿床成矿时代和物源的制约[J].岩石学报,2003,19(4):785-791.
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[8]胡斌,胡瑞忠,刘川勤.黔西南水银洞金矿床地质特征及其成矿因素分析[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2006,25:141-145.
[9]陈本金.黔西南及邻区大陆动力学背景与地震活动[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(1):53-58.
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[11]聂爱国.黔西南卡林型金矿的成矿机制及成矿预测[D].昆明:昆明理工大学(博士论文),2007.
[12]涂光炽.中国层控矿床地球化学(第一卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1984,1-12.
[13]曹俊臣.初论中国层控萤石矿床分类及某些地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探,1985,(7):8-14.
[14]代世峰,任德贻,马施民.黔西地方流行病-氟中毒起因新解[J].地质论评,2005,51(1):42-45.
[15]杨瑞东,程伟,高军波,等.黔西南煤层中铌、铀、钒和锂元素富集与潜在资源评价[J].贵州地质,2017,34(2):77-81+96.
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[21]叶造军.贵州大厂锑矿流体包裹体与稳定同位素[J].地质地球化学,1996,(5):18-20.
[22]王津津,胡煜昭,韩润生.贵州晴隆锑矿田微量元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体的指示意义[J].矿物学报,2011,31(3):571-577.
[23]彭建堂,胡瑞忠,蒋国豪.贵州晴隆锑矿床中萤石的Sr同位素地球化学[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(2):244-251.
[24]金少荣,陈军,代德荣,等.黔西南高岭萤石矿床微量和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2018,38:684-692.
[25]代世峰,任德贻,邵龙义,等.黔西晚二叠世煤地球化学性质变异及特殊组构的火山灰成因[J].地球化学,2003,32(3):239-247.
[26]吴代赦,郑宝山,唐修义,等.中国煤中氟的含量及其分布[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):7-11.
[2]方贵聪,王登红,陈振宇,等.南岭东段北部花岗岩的萤石成矿专属性研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(2):312-324.
[3]蔡华君.滇黔桂三角地区锑矿床成矿流体地球化学研究[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所(硕士论文),1995.
[4]熊灿娟,刘建中,刘帅,等.晴隆大厂锑矿流体包裹体研究[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,30(6):47-52.
[5]苏文超,朱路艳,格西,等.贵州晴隆大厂锑矿床辉锑矿中流体包裹体的红外显微测温学研究[J].岩石学报,2015,31(4):918-924.
[6]彭建堂,胡瑞忠,蒋国豪.萤石Sm-Nd同位素体系对晴隆锑矿床成矿时代和物源的制约[J].岩石学报,2003,19(4):785-791.
[7]黄建国,李虎杰,李文杰,等.贵州戈塘金矿萤石微量元素特征及钐-钕测年[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(10):1087-1093.
[8]胡斌,胡瑞忠,刘川勤.黔西南水银洞金矿床地质特征及其成矿因素分析[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2006,25:141-145.
[9]陈本金.黔西南及邻区大陆动力学背景与地震活动[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(1):53-58.
[10]彭建堂,胡瑞忠,漆亮,等.晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素特征及其指示意义[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):277-287.
[11]聂爱国.黔西南卡林型金矿的成矿机制及成矿预测[D].昆明:昆明理工大学(博士论文),2007.
[12]涂光炽.中国层控矿床地球化学(第一卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1984,1-12.
[13]曹俊臣.初论中国层控萤石矿床分类及某些地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探,1985,(7):8-14.
[14]代世峰,任德贻,马施民.黔西地方流行病-氟中毒起因新解[J].地质论评,2005,51(1):42-45.
[15]杨瑞东,程伟,高军波,等.黔西南煤层中铌、铀、钒和锂元素富集与潜在资源评价[J].贵州地质,2017,34(2):77-81+96.
[16]贵州省地质调查院.贵州省萤石矿矿产资源潜力评价报告[R].2012.
[17]Roedder E.Fluid inclusion[J].Mineralogical Society of America,Reviews in Mineralogy,1984,12:644.
[18]卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,496.
[19]Hall J,Lu H,Dube B,et al.Fluid characteristics of vein and altered wall rock in Archean mesothermal gold deposits[J].Economic Geology,1991,86(3):667-684.
[20]Richardson C K,Holland H D.Fluorite deposition in hydrothermal system[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43:1327-1335.
[21]叶造军.贵州大厂锑矿流体包裹体与稳定同位素[J].地质地球化学,1996,(5):18-20.
[22]王津津,胡煜昭,韩润生.贵州晴隆锑矿田微量元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体的指示意义[J].矿物学报,2011,31(3):571-577.
[23]彭建堂,胡瑞忠,蒋国豪.贵州晴隆锑矿床中萤石的Sr同位素地球化学[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(2):244-251.
[24]金少荣,陈军,代德荣,等.黔西南高岭萤石矿床微量和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2018,38:684-692.
[25]代世峰,任德贻,邵龙义,等.黔西晚二叠世煤地球化学性质变异及特殊组构的火山灰成因[J].地球化学,2003,32(3):239-247.
[26]吴代赦,郑宝山,唐修义,等.中国煤中氟的含量及其分布[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):7-11.