太湖西部环湖河道污染物输移速率变化特征
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摘要
阐明污染物出入湖输移速率对于湖泊陆域污染控制具有重要意义.本文研究了太湖西部主要环湖河道总氮(TN)、溶解性总氮(DTN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)输移速率变化特征.结果表明环湖河道上述指标净输入速率分别为707.9、727.0、28.8、18.2和700.9 g/s.城东港、百渎港、大浦港和沙塘港4条河道TN、DTN、TP、DTP和CODMn输入速率分别占西部河道总输入速率的62.7%、63.6%、67.1%、66.6%和64.8%.太浦河、长兜港和大钱港TN、DTN、TP、DTP和CODMn输出速率占总输出的86.5%、86.9%、85.0%、85.3%和80.6%.污染物净输入速率受水情影响,TN和DTN浓度汛前最大,而TP、DTP、CODMn浓度汛期增大,汛后分别降低44.2%、48.8%和39.8%.城东港氮、磷输入速率受浓度控制,其他河道各指标输移速率受流量控制.近岸湖体TN浓度与入湖速率呈显著正相关,而离岸湖体TN、TP、CODMn浓度对入湖速率的变化响应不明显.
Elucidating transport rate of pollutants of the rivers around the lake is of great significance to clarify and control the external pollution. Spatial and temporal variations of pollutants transport rate of the rivers around western Lake Taihu were studied according to monthly investigation. The results showthat the net input rate of total nitrogen(TN) to the lake was 707.9 g/s,slightly lower than that of dissolved total nitrogen(DTN,727.0 g/s). The input rate of total phosphorus(TP),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP) and permanganate index(CODMn) were 28.8 g/s,18.2 g/s and 700.9 g/s,respectively. The input of pollutants was mainly form Chengdong River,and followed by Baidu River,Dapu River and Shatang River. The input rates of TN,DTN,TP,DTP and CODMnin the 4 rivers accounted for 62.7%,63.6%,67.1%,66.6% and 64.8% of the total input rate respectively. The output of the pollutants was mainly via Taipuhe River,Changdou River and Daqian River and accounted for 86. 5%,86. 9%,85.0%,85.3% and 80.6% of the total output rate,respectively. The net input rate of TN and DTN was high before flood season,decreased about 25.0% in flood season. The net input rate of TP,DTP and CODMnincreased in flood season,whereas decreased about 44.2%,48.8% and 39.8%,respectively after flood season. The transport rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chengdong River was significantly influenced by its concentration,but transport rate of each index in other rivers was influenced by flowflux. The concentration of TN in nearshore lakes was not significantly correlated with TN concentration of rivers,but significant positive correlated with the transport rate of surrounding rivers. Concentrations of TN,TP and CODMnof offshore lakes have no obvious response to the changes of pollutants input rates.
Elucidating transport rate of pollutants of the rivers around the lake is of great significance to clarify and control the external pollution. Spatial and temporal variations of pollutants transport rate of the rivers around western Lake Taihu were studied according to monthly investigation. The results showthat the net input rate of total nitrogen(TN) to the lake was 707.9 g/s,slightly lower than that of dissolved total nitrogen(DTN,727.0 g/s). The input rate of total phosphorus(TP),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP) and permanganate index(CODMn) were 28.8 g/s,18.2 g/s and 700.9 g/s,respectively. The input of pollutants was mainly form Chengdong River,and followed by Baidu River,Dapu River and Shatang River. The input rates of TN,DTN,TP,DTP and CODMnin the 4 rivers accounted for 62.7%,63.6%,67.1%,66.6% and 64.8% of the total input rate respectively. The output of the pollutants was mainly via Taipuhe River,Changdou River and Daqian River and accounted for 86. 5%,86. 9%,85.0%,85.3% and 80.6% of the total output rate,respectively. The net input rate of TN and DTN was high before flood season,decreased about 25.0% in flood season. The net input rate of TP,DTP and CODMnincreased in flood season,whereas decreased about 44.2%,48.8% and 39.8%,respectively after flood season. The transport rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chengdong River was significantly influenced by its concentration,but transport rate of each index in other rivers was influenced by flowflux. The concentration of TN in nearshore lakes was not significantly correlated with TN concentration of rivers,but significant positive correlated with the transport rate of surrounding rivers. Concentrations of TN,TP and CODMnof offshore lakes have no obvious response to the changes of pollutants input rates.
引文
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[12]Tang XX,Jiang CY,Wang C et al.Responses of total phosphorus concentration to total phosphorus loading of inflow rivers in the western part of Chaohu Lake.Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(S1):176-180.[唐晓先,蒋晨韵,王璨等.巢湖西半湖总磷浓度对入湖总磷负荷的响应.环境科学与技术,2017,40(S1):176-180.]
[13]Jin XC,Tu QY eds.The standard methods in lake eutrophication investigation:second edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.[金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范:第二版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.]
[14]Chen XF,Chuai XM,Zeng J.Nitrogenous fluxes and its self-purification capacity in Lake Taihu.Environmental Science,2012,33(7):2309-2314.[陈小锋,揣小明,曾巾等.太湖氮素出入湖通量与自净能力研究.环境科学,2012,33(7):2309-2314.]
[15]Zhai SH,Han T,Chen F et al.Self-purification capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of Lake Taihu on the basis of mass balance.J Lake Sci,2014,26(2):185-190.DOI:10.18307/2014.0203.[翟淑华,韩涛,陈方等.基于质量平衡的太湖氮、磷自净能力计算.湖泊科学,2014,26(2):185-190.]
[16]Han T,Zhai SH,Hu WP et al.Experiment and model simulation of self-purification capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Taihu.Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3862-3871.[韩涛,翟淑华,胡维平等.太湖氮、磷自净能力的实验与模型模拟.环境科学,2013,34(10):3862-3871.]
[2]Zhai SH,Zhang HJ.Water quality and waste load variation of rivers around Lake Taihu from 2000 to 2002.J Lake Sci,2006,18(3):225-230.DOI:10.18307/2006.0305.[翟淑华,张红举.环太湖河流进出湖水量及污染负荷(2000-2002年).湖泊科学,2006,18(3):225-230.]
[3]Yan SW,Yu H,Zhang LL et al.Water quantity and pollutant fluxes of inflow and outflow rivers of Lake Taihu,2009.JLake Sci,2011,23(6):855-862.DOI:10.18307/2011.0605.[燕姝雯,余辉,张璐璐等.2009年环太湖入出湖河流水量及污染负荷通量.湖泊科学,2011,23(6):855-862.]
[4]Yi J,Xu F,Gao Y et al.Variations of water quality of the major 22 inflow rivers since 2007 and impacts on Lake Taihu.JLake Sci,2016,28(6):1167-1174.DOI:10.18307/2016.0602.[易娟,徐枫,高怡等.2007年以来环太湖22条主要河流水质变化及其对太湖的影响.湖泊科学,2016,28(6):1167-1174.]
[5]He XJ,Wang B,Liu GY et al.Water quality,quantity and pollutant fluxes variations of the rivers surrounding Lake Taihu in Zhejiang Province during hydrological year of 2010-2011.J Lake Sci,2012,24(5):658-662.DOI:10.18307/2012.0502.[何锡君,王贝,刘光裕等.2010-2011水文年浙江省环太湖河道水质水量及污染物通量.湖泊科学,2012,24(5):658-662.]
[6]Zha HM,Zhu MY,Zhu GW et al.Seasonal difference of water quality between lake and inflow/outflow rivers of Lake Taihu,China.Environmental Science,2018,(3):1102-1112.[查慧铭,朱梦圆,朱广伟等.太湖出入湖河道与湖体水质季节差异分析.环境科学,2018,(3):1102-1112.]
[7]Wang Q,Wu YD,Ding QL et al.Temporo-spatial variations and influential factors of water quality in the flowing river systems of western Taihu Lake Basin.China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2699-2707.[王倩,吴亚东,丁庆玲等.西太湖入湖河流水系污染时空分异特征及解析.中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2699-2707.]
[8]Lv XY,Zhang Y,Xu L et al.Nitrogen pollutants variation of typical rivers entering into Taihu Lake in summer-autumn period.Hydro-Science and Engineering,2016,(5):9-15.[吕学研,张咏,徐亮等.典型入太湖河流夏-秋季氮素污染变化特征.水利水运工程学报,2016,(5):9-15.]
[9]Wu QL,Ruan XH,Wu CM et al.Analyses of sources and transformation of nitrogen as a contaminant in the river and lake water in the western region of the Taihu Lake basin.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(12):3883-3889.[吴庆乐,阮晓红,吴朝明等.太湖西部河湖氮污染物来源及转化途径分析.环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3883-3889.]
[10]Gao YX,Song YZ,Yu JH et al.Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different forms of phosphorus in three sorts of rivers around Lake Taihu.Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1404-1412.[高永霞,宋玉芝,于江华等.环太湖不同性质河流水体磷的时空分布特征.环境科学,2016,37(4):1404-1412.]
[11]Li L,Wang SR,Wang HF et al.Temporal and spatial variations of phosphorus loading and the forms,compositions and contributions in inlet river of Lake Dianchi.J Lake Sci,2016,28(5):951-960.DOI:10.18307/2016.0504.[李乐,王圣瑞,王海芳等.滇池入湖河流磷负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献.湖泊科学,2016,28(5):951-960.]
[12]Tang XX,Jiang CY,Wang C et al.Responses of total phosphorus concentration to total phosphorus loading of inflow rivers in the western part of Chaohu Lake.Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(S1):176-180.[唐晓先,蒋晨韵,王璨等.巢湖西半湖总磷浓度对入湖总磷负荷的响应.环境科学与技术,2017,40(S1):176-180.]
[13]Jin XC,Tu QY eds.The standard methods in lake eutrophication investigation:second edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.[金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范:第二版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.]
[14]Chen XF,Chuai XM,Zeng J.Nitrogenous fluxes and its self-purification capacity in Lake Taihu.Environmental Science,2012,33(7):2309-2314.[陈小锋,揣小明,曾巾等.太湖氮素出入湖通量与自净能力研究.环境科学,2012,33(7):2309-2314.]
[15]Zhai SH,Han T,Chen F et al.Self-purification capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of Lake Taihu on the basis of mass balance.J Lake Sci,2014,26(2):185-190.DOI:10.18307/2014.0203.[翟淑华,韩涛,陈方等.基于质量平衡的太湖氮、磷自净能力计算.湖泊科学,2014,26(2):185-190.]
[16]Han T,Zhai SH,Hu WP et al.Experiment and model simulation of self-purification capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Taihu.Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3862-3871.[韩涛,翟淑华,胡维平等.太湖氮、磷自净能力的实验与模型模拟.环境科学,2013,34(10):3862-3871.]