草酸青霉强化有机质的分解实现赤泥碱中和（英文）
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摘要
赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程中产生的强碱性固体废弃物,而生物修复是降低赤泥碱性的有效方法。针对赤泥高碱性问题,通过土柱实验开展草酸青霉调控赤泥碱性,探究不同深度的赤泥碱性变化。结果发现应用草酸青霉能显著降低赤泥碱性并形成稳定的团聚体结构;赤泥表层的pH值在30天内降低至7左右,而电导率则上升。草酸青霉对赤泥中的有机质和脲酶活性无明显影响,但能增加纤维素酶的活性。
Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline waste product from refining bauxite ore. Bioremediation driven by microbial activities has been evidently effective in lowering the alkalinity of bauxite residues, which is critical to the initiation of pedogenesis under engineered conditions. The present study investigated the changes of alkalinity and aggregation of bauxite residue at different depth in response to the colonization of Penicillium oxalicum in columns.The results demonstrated that the inoculation of P. oxalicum decreased the residue's p H to about 7 after 30 d only at the surface layer, which was exposed to aerobic conditions. The formation of aggregates was improved overall in the organic matter treated bauxite residue. However, the EC of bauxite residue increased with time under the incubation condition, probably due to accelerated hydrolysis of sodium-rich minerals. The inoculation of P. oxalicum had no effects on urease activity, but increased cellulose enzyme activity at surface layer only.
Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline waste product from refining bauxite ore. Bioremediation driven by microbial activities has been evidently effective in lowering the alkalinity of bauxite residues, which is critical to the initiation of pedogenesis under engineered conditions. The present study investigated the changes of alkalinity and aggregation of bauxite residue at different depth in response to the colonization of Penicillium oxalicum in columns.The results demonstrated that the inoculation of P. oxalicum decreased the residue's p H to about 7 after 30 d only at the surface layer, which was exposed to aerobic conditions. The formation of aggregates was improved overall in the organic matter treated bauxite residue. However, the EC of bauxite residue increased with time under the incubation condition, probably due to accelerated hydrolysis of sodium-rich minerals. The inoculation of P. oxalicum had no effects on urease activity, but increased cellulose enzyme activity at surface layer only.
引文
[1]XUE Sheng-guo,ZHU Feng,KONG Xiang-feng,WUChuan,HUANG Ling,HUANG Nan,HARTLEY W.Areview of the characterization and revegetation of bauxite residues(red mud)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:1120-1132.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4558-8.
[2]LI Yi-wei,JIANG Jun,XUE Sheng-guo,MILLAR G,KONG Xiang-feng,LI Xiao-fei,LI Meng,LI Chu-xuan.Effect of ammonium chloride on leaching behavior of alkaline anion and sodium ion in bauxite residue[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:2125-2134.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64857-5.
[3]XUE Sheng-guo,LI Meng,JIANG Jun,GRAEME J M,LIChu-xuan,KONG Xiang-feng.Phosphogypsum stabilization of bauxite residue:Conversion of its alkaline characteristics[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,77:1-10.DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.016.
[4]LI Xiao-fei,YE Yu-zhen,XUE Sheng-guo,JIANG Jun,WUChuan,KONG Xiang-feng,HARTLEY W,LI Yi-wei.Leaching optimization and dissolution behavior of alkaline anions in bauxite residue[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:1248-1255.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64763-6.
[5]KONG Xiang-feng,LI Meng,XUE Sheng-guo,HARTLEYW,CHEN Cheng-rong,WU Chuan,LI Xiao-fei,LI Yi-wei.Acid transformation of bauxite residue:Conversion of its alkaline characteristics[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,324:382-390.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.073.
[6]KONG Xiang-feng,GUO Ying,XUE Sheng-guo,HARTLEY W,WU Chuan,YE Yu-zhen,CHENG Qin-yu.Natural evolution of alkaline characteristics in bauxite residue[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,143:224-230.DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.125.
[7]XUE Sheng-guo,YE Yu-zhen,ZHU Feng,WANG Qiong-li,JIANG Jun,W HARTLEY.Changes in distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue aggregates following amendments addition[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences.2019,78:276-286.DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.010.
[8]XUE Sheng-guo,WU Yu-jun,LI Yi-wei,KONG Xiang-feng,ZHU Feng,HARTLEY W,LI Xiao-fei.Industrial wastes applications for alkalinity regulation in bauxite residue:Acomprehensive review[J].Journal of Central South University,2019,26(2):268-288.
[9]ZHU Feng,HOU Jing-tao,XUE Sheng-guo,WU Chuan,WANG Qiong-li,HARTLEY W.Vermicompost and gypsum amendments improve aggregate formation in bauxite residue[J].Land Degradation and Development.2017,28:2109-2120.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2737.
[10]LIAO Jia-xin,JIANG Jun,XUE Sheng-gue,CHENGQing-yu,WU Hao,MANIKANDAN R,HARTLEY W,HUANG Long-bin.A novel acid-producing fungus isolated from bauxite residue:The potential to reduce the alkalinity[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2018,35:840-847.DOI:10.1080/01490451.2018.1479807.
[11]SANTINI T C,KERR J L,WARREN L A.Microbiallydriven strategies for bioremediation of bauxite residue[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,293:131-157.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.024.
[12]SAUER M,PORRO D,MATTANOVICH D,BRANDUARDI P.Microbial production of organic acids:Expanding the markets[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2008,26:100-108.DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.006.
[13]SCHIPPERS A,SAND W.Bacterial leaching of metal sulfides proceeds by two indirect mechanisms via thiosulfate or via polysulfides and sulfur[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1999,65:319-321.DOI:10.1002/abio.370190413
[14]POWER G,GRAFE M,KLAUBER C.Bauxite residue issues:I.Current management,disposal and storage practices[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,108:33-45.DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.006.
[15]TISDALL J M,OADES J M.Organic matter and waterstable aggregates in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,33:141-163.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1982.tb01755.x.
[16]ZHU Feng,XUE Sheng-guo,W HARTLEY,HUANG Ling,WU Chuan,LI Xiao-fei.Novel predictors of soil genesis following natural weathering processes of bauxite residues[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:2856-2863.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5537-9.
[17]JIANG Yu-ji,SUN Bo,JIN Chen,WANG Feng.Soil aggregate stratification of nematodes and microbial communities affects the metabolic quotient in an acid soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2013,60:1-9.DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.006.
[18]KABIR Z,KOIDE R T.The effect of dandelion or a cover crop on mycorrhiza inoculum potential,soil aggregation and yield of maize[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2000,78:167-174.DOI:10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00121-8.
[19]TIAN Da,WANG Wen-chao,SU Mu,ZHENG Jun-yi,WUYuan-yi,WANG Shi-mei,LI Zhen,HU Shui-jin.Remediation of lead-contaminated water by geological fluorapatite and fungus Penicillium oxalicum[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25:21118-21126.DOI:10.1007/s11356-018-2243-4.
[20]SANTINI T C,FEY M V.Assessment of Technosol formation and in situ remediation in capped alkaline tailings[J].Catena,2016,136:17-29.DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2015.08.006.
[21]ZANUZZI A,AROCENA J M,MOURIK J M V,CANO A F.Amendments with organic and industrial wastes stimulate soil formation in mine tailings as revealed by micromorphology[J].Geoderma,2009,154:69-75.DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.09.014.
[22]CHANG E H,CHUANG R S,TSAI Y H.Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2010,53:132-140.DOI:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00122.x.
[23]MAKI M,LEUNG K T,QIN W.The prospects of cellulaseproducing bacteria for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass[J].International Journal of Biological Sciences,2009,5:500-516.DOI:10.1007/BF00373654.
[24]BARANCIKOVA G,JERZYKIEWICZ M,GOMORYOVAE,TOBIASOVA E,LITAVEC T.Changes in forest soil organic matter quality affected by windstorm and wildfire[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2018,18:2748-2748.DOI:10.1007/s11368-018-1979-2.
[25]TABATABAI M A,BREMNER J M.Assay of urease activity in soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1972,4:479-487.DOI:10.1016/0038-0717(72)90064-8.
[26]KONG Xiang-feng,JIANG Xing-xing,XUE Sheng-guo,HUANG Ling,HARTLEY W,WU Chuan,LI Xiao-fei.Migration and distribution of salinity in bauxite residue during water leaching[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:534-541.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64686-2.
[27]ZHU Feng,LIAO Jia-xin,XUE Sheng-guo,HARTLEY W,ZHOU Qi,WU Hao.Evaluation of aggregate microstructures following natural regeneration in bauxite residue as characterized by synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,573:155-163.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.108.
[28]KRISHNA P,REDDY M S,PATNAIK S K.Aspergillus Tubingensis reduces the pH of the bauxite residue(red mud)amended soils[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2005,167:201-209.DOI:10.1007/s11270-005-0242-9.
[29]VALARIE E.The bioremediation of bauxite residue(red mud)using indigenous bacteria[D].Perth:Murdoch University,1999.
[30]HAMDY M K,WILLIAMS F S.Bacterial amelioration of bauxite residue waste of industrial alumina plants[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2001,27:228-233.DOI:10.1038/sj.jim.7000181.
[31]REN Jie,LIU Ji-dong,CHEN Juan,LIU Xiao-lian,LIFa-sheng,DU Ping.Effect of ferrous sulfate and nitrohumic acid neutralization on the leaching of metals from a combined bauxite residue[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,24:1-12.DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-8605-5.
[32]GRAFE M,KLAUBER C.Bauxite residue issues:IV.Old obstacles and new pathways for in situ residue bioremediation[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,108:46-59.DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.005.
[33]SCHNURER J,CLARHOLM M,BOSTROM S,ROSSWALL T.Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes:A field experiment[J].Microbial Ecology,1986,12:217-230.DOI:10.1007/BF02011206.
[34]SANTINI T C,MALCOLM L I,TYSON G W,WARREN LA.pH and organic carbon dose rates control microbially driven bioremediation efficacy in alkaline bauxite residue[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50:11164-11173.DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b01973.
[35]DAS S,GANGULY D,MUKHERJEE A,CHAKRABORTYS,DE T K.Soil urease activity of sundarban mangrove ecosystem,India[J].Advances in Microbiology,2017,7:617-632.DOI:10.4236/aim.2017.78048.
[36]JONES B E H,HAYNES R J,PHILLIPS I R.Effect of amendment of bauxite processing sand with organic materials on its chemical,physical and microbial properties[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91:2281-2288.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.06.013.
[37]COURTNEY R,HARRINGTON T,BYRNE K A.Indicators of soil formation in restored bauxite residues[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,58:63-68.DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.022.
[2]LI Yi-wei,JIANG Jun,XUE Sheng-guo,MILLAR G,KONG Xiang-feng,LI Xiao-fei,LI Meng,LI Chu-xuan.Effect of ammonium chloride on leaching behavior of alkaline anion and sodium ion in bauxite residue[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:2125-2134.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64857-5.
[3]XUE Sheng-guo,LI Meng,JIANG Jun,GRAEME J M,LIChu-xuan,KONG Xiang-feng.Phosphogypsum stabilization of bauxite residue:Conversion of its alkaline characteristics[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,77:1-10.DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.016.
[4]LI Xiao-fei,YE Yu-zhen,XUE Sheng-guo,JIANG Jun,WUChuan,KONG Xiang-feng,HARTLEY W,LI Yi-wei.Leaching optimization and dissolution behavior of alkaline anions in bauxite residue[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:1248-1255.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64763-6.
[5]KONG Xiang-feng,LI Meng,XUE Sheng-guo,HARTLEYW,CHEN Cheng-rong,WU Chuan,LI Xiao-fei,LI Yi-wei.Acid transformation of bauxite residue:Conversion of its alkaline characteristics[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,324:382-390.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.073.
[6]KONG Xiang-feng,GUO Ying,XUE Sheng-guo,HARTLEY W,WU Chuan,YE Yu-zhen,CHENG Qin-yu.Natural evolution of alkaline characteristics in bauxite residue[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,143:224-230.DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.125.
[7]XUE Sheng-guo,YE Yu-zhen,ZHU Feng,WANG Qiong-li,JIANG Jun,W HARTLEY.Changes in distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue aggregates following amendments addition[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences.2019,78:276-286.DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.010.
[8]XUE Sheng-guo,WU Yu-jun,LI Yi-wei,KONG Xiang-feng,ZHU Feng,HARTLEY W,LI Xiao-fei.Industrial wastes applications for alkalinity regulation in bauxite residue:Acomprehensive review[J].Journal of Central South University,2019,26(2):268-288.
[9]ZHU Feng,HOU Jing-tao,XUE Sheng-guo,WU Chuan,WANG Qiong-li,HARTLEY W.Vermicompost and gypsum amendments improve aggregate formation in bauxite residue[J].Land Degradation and Development.2017,28:2109-2120.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2737.
[10]LIAO Jia-xin,JIANG Jun,XUE Sheng-gue,CHENGQing-yu,WU Hao,MANIKANDAN R,HARTLEY W,HUANG Long-bin.A novel acid-producing fungus isolated from bauxite residue:The potential to reduce the alkalinity[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2018,35:840-847.DOI:10.1080/01490451.2018.1479807.
[11]SANTINI T C,KERR J L,WARREN L A.Microbiallydriven strategies for bioremediation of bauxite residue[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,293:131-157.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.024.
[12]SAUER M,PORRO D,MATTANOVICH D,BRANDUARDI P.Microbial production of organic acids:Expanding the markets[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2008,26:100-108.DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.006.
[13]SCHIPPERS A,SAND W.Bacterial leaching of metal sulfides proceeds by two indirect mechanisms via thiosulfate or via polysulfides and sulfur[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1999,65:319-321.DOI:10.1002/abio.370190413
[14]POWER G,GRAFE M,KLAUBER C.Bauxite residue issues:I.Current management,disposal and storage practices[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,108:33-45.DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.006.
[15]TISDALL J M,OADES J M.Organic matter and waterstable aggregates in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,33:141-163.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1982.tb01755.x.
[16]ZHU Feng,XUE Sheng-guo,W HARTLEY,HUANG Ling,WU Chuan,LI Xiao-fei.Novel predictors of soil genesis following natural weathering processes of bauxite residues[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:2856-2863.DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5537-9.
[17]JIANG Yu-ji,SUN Bo,JIN Chen,WANG Feng.Soil aggregate stratification of nematodes and microbial communities affects the metabolic quotient in an acid soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2013,60:1-9.DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.006.
[18]KABIR Z,KOIDE R T.The effect of dandelion or a cover crop on mycorrhiza inoculum potential,soil aggregation and yield of maize[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2000,78:167-174.DOI:10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00121-8.
[19]TIAN Da,WANG Wen-chao,SU Mu,ZHENG Jun-yi,WUYuan-yi,WANG Shi-mei,LI Zhen,HU Shui-jin.Remediation of lead-contaminated water by geological fluorapatite and fungus Penicillium oxalicum[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25:21118-21126.DOI:10.1007/s11356-018-2243-4.
[20]SANTINI T C,FEY M V.Assessment of Technosol formation and in situ remediation in capped alkaline tailings[J].Catena,2016,136:17-29.DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2015.08.006.
[21]ZANUZZI A,AROCENA J M,MOURIK J M V,CANO A F.Amendments with organic and industrial wastes stimulate soil formation in mine tailings as revealed by micromorphology[J].Geoderma,2009,154:69-75.DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.09.014.
[22]CHANG E H,CHUANG R S,TSAI Y H.Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2010,53:132-140.DOI:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00122.x.
[23]MAKI M,LEUNG K T,QIN W.The prospects of cellulaseproducing bacteria for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass[J].International Journal of Biological Sciences,2009,5:500-516.DOI:10.1007/BF00373654.
[24]BARANCIKOVA G,JERZYKIEWICZ M,GOMORYOVAE,TOBIASOVA E,LITAVEC T.Changes in forest soil organic matter quality affected by windstorm and wildfire[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2018,18:2748-2748.DOI:10.1007/s11368-018-1979-2.
[25]TABATABAI M A,BREMNER J M.Assay of urease activity in soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1972,4:479-487.DOI:10.1016/0038-0717(72)90064-8.
[26]KONG Xiang-feng,JIANG Xing-xing,XUE Sheng-guo,HUANG Ling,HARTLEY W,WU Chuan,LI Xiao-fei.Migration and distribution of salinity in bauxite residue during water leaching[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:534-541.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64686-2.
[27]ZHU Feng,LIAO Jia-xin,XUE Sheng-guo,HARTLEY W,ZHOU Qi,WU Hao.Evaluation of aggregate microstructures following natural regeneration in bauxite residue as characterized by synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,573:155-163.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.108.
[28]KRISHNA P,REDDY M S,PATNAIK S K.Aspergillus Tubingensis reduces the pH of the bauxite residue(red mud)amended soils[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2005,167:201-209.DOI:10.1007/s11270-005-0242-9.
[29]VALARIE E.The bioremediation of bauxite residue(red mud)using indigenous bacteria[D].Perth:Murdoch University,1999.
[30]HAMDY M K,WILLIAMS F S.Bacterial amelioration of bauxite residue waste of industrial alumina plants[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2001,27:228-233.DOI:10.1038/sj.jim.7000181.
[31]REN Jie,LIU Ji-dong,CHEN Juan,LIU Xiao-lian,LIFa-sheng,DU Ping.Effect of ferrous sulfate and nitrohumic acid neutralization on the leaching of metals from a combined bauxite residue[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,24:1-12.DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-8605-5.
[32]GRAFE M,KLAUBER C.Bauxite residue issues:IV.Old obstacles and new pathways for in situ residue bioremediation[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,108:46-59.DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.005.
[33]SCHNURER J,CLARHOLM M,BOSTROM S,ROSSWALL T.Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes:A field experiment[J].Microbial Ecology,1986,12:217-230.DOI:10.1007/BF02011206.
[34]SANTINI T C,MALCOLM L I,TYSON G W,WARREN LA.pH and organic carbon dose rates control microbially driven bioremediation efficacy in alkaline bauxite residue[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50:11164-11173.DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b01973.
[35]DAS S,GANGULY D,MUKHERJEE A,CHAKRABORTYS,DE T K.Soil urease activity of sundarban mangrove ecosystem,India[J].Advances in Microbiology,2017,7:617-632.DOI:10.4236/aim.2017.78048.
[36]JONES B E H,HAYNES R J,PHILLIPS I R.Effect of amendment of bauxite processing sand with organic materials on its chemical,physical and microbial properties[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91:2281-2288.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.06.013.
[37]COURTNEY R,HARRINGTON T,BYRNE K A.Indicators of soil formation in restored bauxite residues[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,58:63-68.DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.022.