氮肥类型及用量对烤烟生长及品质的影响
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摘要
为了研究氮肥类型及用量对烤烟生长及品质的影响,于2017年在郴州市桂阳县开展大田试验,以云烟87为试验材料开展7个氮肥类型及用量试验。结果表明,各施氮处理较不施氮肥处理,在株高、最大叶长、叶宽及最大叶面积方面有更好的表现;在总糖、还原糖方面都呈现由下部叶到上部叶先增后降的趋势;总氮和烟碱含量与施氮量成正比;在一定程度,施氮水平的提高烟叶钾呈现升高的趋势,烟叶钾和氯变化趋势表现为下部叶>中部叶>上部叶。施氮水平90 kg·hm~(-2)对提高烤烟中上等烟比例及产量有明显效果,而对烤后烟叶均价影响不显著。硝铵磷和硝酸钾相比也有利于提升烤后烟叶经济性状。
To study the effect of nitrogen type and amount on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was carried out in Guiyang county, Chenzhou city, in 2017. 7 nitrogen fertilizer types and dosage tests were carried out with Yunyan 87 as the material. The results showed that all nitrogen treatments compared with no nitrogen fertilizer treatment had better performance in plant height, maximum leaf length, width and maximum leaf area than those without nitrogen treatment. In the total sugar and reducing sugar, the trend from the lower leaves to the upper leaves increased first and then decreased. To a certain extent, the nitrogen application level increased the potassium level of tobacco leaves showed an upward trend. The change trend of potassium and chlorine in tobacco leaves was lower leaves > middle leaves > upper leaves. The level of nitrogen application was 90 kg·hm~(-2), and the proportion of upper middle class tobacco and yield of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly. There was no significant effect on the average price of tobacco leaf after baking. Compared with potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate can improve the economic characters of flue cured tobacco leaves.
To study the effect of nitrogen type and amount on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was carried out in Guiyang county, Chenzhou city, in 2017. 7 nitrogen fertilizer types and dosage tests were carried out with Yunyan 87 as the material. The results showed that all nitrogen treatments compared with no nitrogen fertilizer treatment had better performance in plant height, maximum leaf length, width and maximum leaf area than those without nitrogen treatment. In the total sugar and reducing sugar, the trend from the lower leaves to the upper leaves increased first and then decreased. To a certain extent, the nitrogen application level increased the potassium level of tobacco leaves showed an upward trend. The change trend of potassium and chlorine in tobacco leaves was lower leaves > middle leaves > upper leaves. The level of nitrogen application was 90 kg·hm~(-2), and the proportion of upper middle class tobacco and yield of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly. There was no significant effect on the average price of tobacco leaf after baking. Compared with potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate can improve the economic characters of flue cured tobacco leaves.
引文
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[16]张延春,陈治锋,龙怀玉,等.不同氮素形态及比例对烤烟长势、产量及部分品质因素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(6):787-792.
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[18]谭波.氮肥基追比对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018(1):73-75.
[19]傅泰露,曾宪立,郎定华,等.不同肥料配施对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017(12):1975-1978.
[20]薛刚,杨志晓,张小全,等.不同氮肥用量和施用方式对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2012, 21(6):98-102.
[21]崔保伟,陆引罡,张振中,等.不同施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报, 2008, 27(5):377-381.
[2]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[3]王怀欣,袁洋.烟草专用肥施肥效果试验[J].山东农业科学, 2007(4):87-88.
[4]周琼华,徐茜,蔡海洋.烤烟不同施氮量及留叶数对烟叶产量、品质效应的影响[J].福建热作科技, 2003, 28(4):4-6.
[5]刘卫群,郭群召,汪庆昌,等.不同施氮水平对烤烟干物质、氮素积累分配及产质的影响[J].河南农业科学, 2004(8):25-28.
[6]任亚,汪耀富,刘占卿,等.水氮耦合对烟田土壤水分时空分布和利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2005, 20(4):194-197.
[7]郑仙霞,朴世领,刘丹,等.不同氮用量对烤烟产量及内在品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2008, 30(5):663-668.
[8]戴勋,王毅,廖小琳,等.不同施氮量对云烟85烤烟品种生长及产质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(28):12291-12293.
[9]王世济,崔权仁,刘小平,等.不同氮素形态对皖南烟区烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报, 2002, 8(6):48-50.
[10]韩锦峰,史宏志,王彦亭,等.不同氮量和氮源的烟叶高级脂肪酸含量及其与香吃味的关系[J].作物学报, 1998, 24(1):125-128.
[11]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社, 1990.
[12]国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 161—2002烟草及烟草制品[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002.
[13]唐国俊.氮肥形态与用量对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2014.
[14]熊艳,李永梅,尹增松,等.不同形态氮在土壤中的转化及对烤烟生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9(4):500-502.
[15]周和,周冀衡,陈习羽,等.不同氮肥形态培土对烤烟生长及产量与品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(29):17891-17893.
[16]张延春,陈治锋,龙怀玉,等.不同氮素形态及比例对烤烟长势、产量及部分品质因素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(6):787-792.
[17]汪耀富.干旱胁迫对烤烟营养状况和产量品质的影响及其调节技术研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2002.
[18]谭波.氮肥基追比对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018(1):73-75.
[19]傅泰露,曾宪立,郎定华,等.不同肥料配施对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017(12):1975-1978.
[20]薛刚,杨志晓,张小全,等.不同氮肥用量和施用方式对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2012, 21(6):98-102.
[21]崔保伟,陆引罡,张振中,等.不同施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报, 2008, 27(5):377-381.