两种种衣剂在辣椒上的应用安全性试验
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摘要
以17%多福悬浮剂和20%福克悬浮剂2种种衣剂为供试材料,以辣椒为试验对象,进行温室大棚栽培试验,确认种衣剂使用的安全性,研究其对辣椒出苗、生长、果实品质及其根际土壤微生态的影响。结果表明:多福和福克对辣椒出苗和苗期生长均无显著影响,而多福影响辣椒现蕾期和开花期株高的生长,分别比对照减少4.60%和9.12%;多福减少开花期叶绿素含量,而福克无显著影响,多福和福克均显著影响辣椒根系活力,福克对根系活力的影响更为显著,在苗期、现蕾期和开花期分别比对照降低33.72%、78.05%和55.88%;多福和福克均降低辣椒品质相关指标中的硝态氮含量,分别比对照降低35.09%和27.94%;多福和福克不同程度影响辣椒根际土壤微生态,苗期和现蕾期对辣椒根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响比较明显,多福和福克不同程度减少辣椒根际土壤细菌数量,而增加真菌数量;多福减少辣椒根际土壤速效磷的含量,而福克没有显著影响。
To confirm the application safety of 17% Carbendazim · Thiram and 20% Thiram ·Carbofuran suspensions on pepper,cultivation experiment in plastic house was conducted to study the effects of the two seed coating agents on pepper germination,growth,fruit qualities and the micro ecology in the rhizosphere soil.The results showed that Carbendazim · Thiram and Thiram ·Carbofuran had no significant adverse effects on pepper germination and seedling growth,while compared with control,Carbendazim · Thiram decreased the height of pepper at squaring and flowering stage by 4.60% and 9.12% respectively;Thiram · Carbofuran reduced the content of chlorophyll at flowering stage,while Thiram·Carbofuran had no significant effect on the content of chlorophyll;both seed coating agents had significant effects on root activity of pepper,and compared to control,Thiram·Carbofuran decreased the root activity at seedling,squaring and flowering stage by33.72%,78.05% and 55.88% respectively;compared to control,both Carbendazim· Thiram and Thiram·Carbofuran decreased the content of nitrate nitrogen in pepper fruit by 35.09%and 27.94%respectively;Carbendazim·Thiram and Thiram·Carbofuran influenced the micro ecology of pepper rhizosphere soil to different degrees,with significant effects on the activities of urease,phosphatase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of pepper at seedling and squaring stage;Carbendazim·Thiram and Thiram·Carbofuran decreased the amount of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of pepper to different degrees,while increased the amount of fungi;Carbendazim·Thiram decreased the content of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of pepper,while Thiram·Carbofuran had no significant effect on available phosphorus.
To confirm the application safety of 17% Carbendazim · Thiram and 20% Thiram ·Carbofuran suspensions on pepper,cultivation experiment in plastic house was conducted to study the effects of the two seed coating agents on pepper germination,growth,fruit qualities and the micro ecology in the rhizosphere soil.The results showed that Carbendazim · Thiram and Thiram ·Carbofuran had no significant adverse effects on pepper germination and seedling growth,while compared with control,Carbendazim · Thiram decreased the height of pepper at squaring and flowering stage by 4.60% and 9.12% respectively;Thiram · Carbofuran reduced the content of chlorophyll at flowering stage,while Thiram·Carbofuran had no significant effect on the content of chlorophyll;both seed coating agents had significant effects on root activity of pepper,and compared to control,Thiram·Carbofuran decreased the root activity at seedling,squaring and flowering stage by33.72%,78.05% and 55.88% respectively;compared to control,both Carbendazim· Thiram and Thiram·Carbofuran decreased the content of nitrate nitrogen in pepper fruit by 35.09%and 27.94%respectively;Carbendazim·Thiram and Thiram·Carbofuran influenced the micro ecology of pepper rhizosphere soil to different degrees,with significant effects on the activities of urease,phosphatase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of pepper at seedling and squaring stage;Carbendazim·Thiram and Thiram·Carbofuran decreased the amount of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of pepper to different degrees,while increased the amount of fungi;Carbendazim·Thiram decreased the content of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of pepper,while Thiram·Carbofuran had no significant effect on available phosphorus.
引文
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[6]刘爱芝,郭小奇,韩松,等.拌种防治花生田金针虫药剂筛选及其安全性研究[J].植物保护,2015,41(5):197-201.
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[18]张岳平,张玉烛,瞿华香,等.丸化剂包衣对杂交稻种子萌发及幼苗某些生理特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):526-530.
[19]刘景坤,刘润峰,宋建华,等.50%噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂的研制及其对棉花蚜虫的防治效果[J].农药学学报,2015,17(1):60-67.
[20]吴学宏,刘西莉,刘鹏飞,等.15%噁·霜·福种衣剂对西瓜幼苗生长及其抗病性相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(3):61-64.
[21]和文祥,蒋新.酶修复土壤农药污染的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(3):47-51.
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[24]傅丽君,杨文金.4种农药对枇杷园土壤磷酸酶活性及微生物呼吸的影响[J].农药学学报,2007,15(6):113-116.
[25]纪春涛,姜兴印,房锋,等.噻唑膦对冬暖式大棚土壤酶活性的影响[J].农药学学报,2009,11(1):137-140.
[26]吴小虎,徐军,董丰收,等.5种除草剂对土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的影响[J].农药学学报,2015,17(2):179-184.
[27]汪海珍,徐建民,谢正苗.甲磺隆结合态残留物对土壤微生物的影响[J].农药学学报,2003,5(2):69-78.
[28]丁洪,郑祥洲,雷俊杰,等.除草剂对尿素氮在土壤中转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(3):551-554.
[2]王锋,高仁君,李健强.噁醚唑种衣剂对小麦幼苗生长及抗病性相关酶活性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2000,30(3):213-216.
[3]吴凌云,李明,姚东伟.化学农药型种衣剂的应用与发展[J].农药,2007,46(9):577-579,590.
[4]毕秋艳,马志强,韩秀英,等.5种种衣剂防治小麦主要土传病害研究[J].植物保护,2014,40(4):171-176.
[5]管磊,郭贝贝,王晓坤,等.苯醚甲环唑和氟啶胺的两种制剂包衣种子对花生土传真菌病害的防治效果[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(11):2176-2186.
[6]刘爱芝,郭小奇,韩松,等.拌种防治花生田金针虫药剂筛选及其安全性研究[J].植物保护,2015,41(5):197-201.
[7]王险峰,刘延,谢丽华,等.种衣剂安全性评价探讨[J].现代化农业,2017(1):2-4.
[8]王娟,吉庆勋,韩松,等.种衣剂副作用的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(15):7-10.
[9]吉庆勋,韩松,王娟,等.小麦、玉米种衣剂副作用研究进展[J].农药,2013,52(12):865-867,870.
[10]刘同业,韩盛,杨渡,等.四种种衣剂对籽瓜种子的安全性评价[J].北方园艺,2014(22):117-120.
[11]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[12]苍晶,赵会杰.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[13]淡静雅.曼地亚红豆杉根际微生物群落特征研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2011.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[15]孟焕文,程智慧,冀瑞瑞,等.放线菌剂和种衣剂对西瓜防病壮苗的效果[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(8):109-113,120.
[16]郝瑞,黄文坤,刘崇俊,等.新型种衣剂防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病研究[J].植物保护,2014,40(1):182-186.
[17]潘立刚,刘惕若,陶岭梅,等.种衣剂及其关键技术评述[J].农药,2005,44(10):437-440.
[18]张岳平,张玉烛,瞿华香,等.丸化剂包衣对杂交稻种子萌发及幼苗某些生理特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):526-530.
[19]刘景坤,刘润峰,宋建华,等.50%噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂的研制及其对棉花蚜虫的防治效果[J].农药学学报,2015,17(1):60-67.
[20]吴学宏,刘西莉,刘鹏飞,等.15%噁·霜·福种衣剂对西瓜幼苗生长及其抗病性相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(3):61-64.
[21]和文祥,蒋新.酶修复土壤农药污染的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(3):47-51.
[22]中国科学院.土壤理化分析[M].上海:科学技术出版社,1978.
[23]林先贵,胡君利.土壤微生物多样性的科学内涵及其生态服务功能[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):892-900.
[24]傅丽君,杨文金.4种农药对枇杷园土壤磷酸酶活性及微生物呼吸的影响[J].农药学学报,2007,15(6):113-116.
[25]纪春涛,姜兴印,房锋,等.噻唑膦对冬暖式大棚土壤酶活性的影响[J].农药学学报,2009,11(1):137-140.
[26]吴小虎,徐军,董丰收,等.5种除草剂对土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的影响[J].农药学学报,2015,17(2):179-184.
[27]汪海珍,徐建民,谢正苗.甲磺隆结合态残留物对土壤微生物的影响[J].农药学学报,2003,5(2):69-78.
[28]丁洪,郑祥洲,雷俊杰,等.除草剂对尿素氮在土壤中转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(3):551-554.