生物炭肥对辣椒生长及根际土壤微生态环境的影响
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摘要
采用田间小区试验研究配施生物炭肥减施化肥对辣椒生长及根际土壤微生态环境的影响。结果表明,配施生物炭肥能够促进辣椒生长,显著提高叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力,提高果实中蛋白质、VC和可溶性糖含量,产量比常规施用化肥显著增加13.04%。配施生物炭肥还能够提高辣椒根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,显著增加根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,减少真菌数量,提高根际土壤中速效氮、磷、钾含量,对辣椒根际土壤微生态具有良好的调节效果。
By field plot experiment this paper studied the effect of applying biochar fertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer application on pepper growth and microecological environment in its rhizosphere soil. The results showed that combined application of biochar fertilizer could promote pepper growth,increase chlorophyll contents of leaves and root system activities,improve pepper yield and quality,including increasing the contents of protein,vitamin C and soluble sugar.Compared with the conventional application of chemical fertilizer,biochar fertilizer application significantly increased the pepper yield by 13.04%.The combined application of biochar fertilizer could also increase the activities of urease,phosphatase,invertase and catalase,quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes in peper rhizosphere soil,reduce fungus number;and increase contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in pepper rhizosphere soil;thus had favourable effect on regulating microecology of pepper rhizosphere soil.
By field plot experiment this paper studied the effect of applying biochar fertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer application on pepper growth and microecological environment in its rhizosphere soil. The results showed that combined application of biochar fertilizer could promote pepper growth,increase chlorophyll contents of leaves and root system activities,improve pepper yield and quality,including increasing the contents of protein,vitamin C and soluble sugar.Compared with the conventional application of chemical fertilizer,biochar fertilizer application significantly increased the pepper yield by 13.04%.The combined application of biochar fertilizer could also increase the activities of urease,phosphatase,invertase and catalase,quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes in peper rhizosphere soil,reduce fungus number;and increase contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in pepper rhizosphere soil;thus had favourable effect on regulating microecology of pepper rhizosphere soil.
引文
曹建康,姜微波.2007.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导.北京:中国轻工业出版社.
高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社.
高小朋,贺晓龙,任桂梅,齐向英.2011.化肥不合理施用带来的危害探析.农技服务,28(9):1289-1290.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
海飞,王素平,刘欢欢.2016.生态炭肥对番茄和黄瓜苗期生长发育的影响.河南农业,(21):38-39.
李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,朱平,任军,梁成华.2004.长期不同培肥黑土磷酸酶活性动态变化及其影响因素.植物营养与肥料学报,10(5):550-553.
刘欢欢,董宁禹,柴升,王枫,刘涛,蒋士君.2015.生态炭肥防控小麦根腐病效果及对土壤健康修复机理分析.植物保护学报,42(4):504-509.
刘玉学,刘微,吴伟祥,钟哲科,陈英旭.2009.土壤生物质炭环境行为与环境效应.应用生态学报,20(4):977-982.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
曲均峰.2010.化肥施用与土壤环境安全效应的研究.磷肥与复肥,25(1):10-12.
苏建党.2016.探讨过量施用化肥的危害及应对措施.农业与技术,36(6):49.
孙建利.2010.对过量使用化肥危害的思考.现代农业科技,(16):278-279.
王超,吴凡,刘训理,刘兵.2005.不同肥力条件下烟草根际微生物的初步研究.中国烟草科学,26(2):12-14.
王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,王秋君.2015.秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病的防控效果及机理研究.土壤,47(6):1107-1114.
谢祖彬,刘琦,许燕萍,朱春悟.2011.生物炭研究进展及其研究方向.土壤,43(6):857-861.
张玲,田利,勾薇,陈富彩,郑璞帆,韩明玉.2015.生物炭及沼液对苹果园土壤和叶片营养及果实产量品质的影响.中国果树,(4):10-13.
张伟明,孟军,王嘉宇,范淑秀,陈温福.2013.生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响.作物学报,39(8):1445-1451.
赵林森,王九龄.1995.杨槐混交林生长及土壤酶与肥力的相互关系.北京林业大学学报,17(4):1-8.
周震峰,王建超,饶潇潇.2015.添加生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响.江西农业学报,27(6):110-112.
Tenenbaum D J.2010.黑色的希望:生物炭.资源与人居环境,(7):55-57.
Day D,Evans R J,Lee J W.2004.Valuable and stable carbon coproduct from fossil fuel exhaust scrubbing.Preprints PapersAmerican Chemical Society,Division of Petroleum Chemistry,49:352-355.
Gaskin J W,Steiner C,Harris K,Das K C,Bibens B.2008.Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use.Transactions of the Asabe,51(6):2061-2069.
Glaser B,Lehmann J,Zech W.2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoa-a review.Biology Fertility of Soils,35(4):219-230.
Kim J S,Sparovek G,Longo R M,Wjde M,Crowley D.2007.Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the western amazon.Soil Biology Biochemistry,39(2):684-690.
Liang B Q,Lehmann J,Sohi S P,Thies J E,O’Neill B,Trujillo L.2010.Black carbon affects the cycling of non-black carbon in soil.Organic Geochemistry,41(2):206-213.
Steiner C,Teixeira W G,Lehmann J,Nehls T,Blum W E H,Zech W.2007.Long term effects of manure,charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered central amazonian upland soil.Plant&Soil,291(2):275-290.
Zwieten L V,Kimber S,Morris S,Chan K Y,Downie A,Rust J.2010.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility.Plant&Soil,327:235-246.
高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社.
高小朋,贺晓龙,任桂梅,齐向英.2011.化肥不合理施用带来的危害探析.农技服务,28(9):1289-1290.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
海飞,王素平,刘欢欢.2016.生态炭肥对番茄和黄瓜苗期生长发育的影响.河南农业,(21):38-39.
李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,朱平,任军,梁成华.2004.长期不同培肥黑土磷酸酶活性动态变化及其影响因素.植物营养与肥料学报,10(5):550-553.
刘欢欢,董宁禹,柴升,王枫,刘涛,蒋士君.2015.生态炭肥防控小麦根腐病效果及对土壤健康修复机理分析.植物保护学报,42(4):504-509.
刘玉学,刘微,吴伟祥,钟哲科,陈英旭.2009.土壤生物质炭环境行为与环境效应.应用生态学报,20(4):977-982.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
曲均峰.2010.化肥施用与土壤环境安全效应的研究.磷肥与复肥,25(1):10-12.
苏建党.2016.探讨过量施用化肥的危害及应对措施.农业与技术,36(6):49.
孙建利.2010.对过量使用化肥危害的思考.现代农业科技,(16):278-279.
王超,吴凡,刘训理,刘兵.2005.不同肥力条件下烟草根际微生物的初步研究.中国烟草科学,26(2):12-14.
王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,王秋君.2015.秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病的防控效果及机理研究.土壤,47(6):1107-1114.
谢祖彬,刘琦,许燕萍,朱春悟.2011.生物炭研究进展及其研究方向.土壤,43(6):857-861.
张玲,田利,勾薇,陈富彩,郑璞帆,韩明玉.2015.生物炭及沼液对苹果园土壤和叶片营养及果实产量品质的影响.中国果树,(4):10-13.
张伟明,孟军,王嘉宇,范淑秀,陈温福.2013.生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响.作物学报,39(8):1445-1451.
赵林森,王九龄.1995.杨槐混交林生长及土壤酶与肥力的相互关系.北京林业大学学报,17(4):1-8.
周震峰,王建超,饶潇潇.2015.添加生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响.江西农业学报,27(6):110-112.
Tenenbaum D J.2010.黑色的希望:生物炭.资源与人居环境,(7):55-57.
Day D,Evans R J,Lee J W.2004.Valuable and stable carbon coproduct from fossil fuel exhaust scrubbing.Preprints PapersAmerican Chemical Society,Division of Petroleum Chemistry,49:352-355.
Gaskin J W,Steiner C,Harris K,Das K C,Bibens B.2008.Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use.Transactions of the Asabe,51(6):2061-2069.
Glaser B,Lehmann J,Zech W.2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoa-a review.Biology Fertility of Soils,35(4):219-230.
Kim J S,Sparovek G,Longo R M,Wjde M,Crowley D.2007.Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the western amazon.Soil Biology Biochemistry,39(2):684-690.
Liang B Q,Lehmann J,Sohi S P,Thies J E,O’Neill B,Trujillo L.2010.Black carbon affects the cycling of non-black carbon in soil.Organic Geochemistry,41(2):206-213.
Steiner C,Teixeira W G,Lehmann J,Nehls T,Blum W E H,Zech W.2007.Long term effects of manure,charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered central amazonian upland soil.Plant&Soil,291(2):275-290.
Zwieten L V,Kimber S,Morris S,Chan K Y,Downie A,Rust J.2010.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility.Plant&Soil,327:235-246.