论民主党派中行使公权力的公职人员范围——以监察法之监察对象为视角
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摘要
监察法总则关于监察对象的规定和分则中的规定不一致,应当通过解释理解的方式将分则中的规定与总则实现逻辑上的协调和统一。对于民主党派而言,除将明确列举的机关之公务员作为监察对象外,应当慎重适用监察法所设定的弹性条款,尤其是对"有关人员"的理解不宜做扩大适用。鉴于民主党派自身政治地位和责任的匹配性,兼职的基层党组织之党务人员和普通党员的党务管理及参政议政行为,不应列入监察对象。在监察法实施细则出台之前,应当从有利于当事人的法理出发确定监察对象,避免监察法对监察对象规定的模糊性导致监察监督面过宽,从而造成不良的执法效果。
There are inconsistencies between the General Regulations and the Specific Provisions on the object of supervision in the supervision law, which should be logically coordinated and unified through interpretation and understanding.For the democratic parties, in addition to the civil servants who are clearly listed as the objects of supervision,they should also be carefully apply the flexible clauses set by the supervision law. In particular, the understanding of "related personnel" should not be extended. In view of the matching of the political status and responsibilities of the democratic parties, the party affairs management of the party organizations and the ordinary party members of the party organizations at the grassroots level should not be included in the supervision. Before the introduction of the implementation rules of the supervision law, it is necessary to determine the object of supervision from the legal principles that are beneficial to the parties, and avoid the ambiguity of the supervision law on the supervision object, which leads to excessive supervision and supervision, and brings about bad enforcement effects.
There are inconsistencies between the General Regulations and the Specific Provisions on the object of supervision in the supervision law, which should be logically coordinated and unified through interpretation and understanding.For the democratic parties, in addition to the civil servants who are clearly listed as the objects of supervision,they should also be carefully apply the flexible clauses set by the supervision law. In particular, the understanding of "related personnel" should not be extended. In view of the matching of the political status and responsibilities of the democratic parties, the party affairs management of the party organizations and the ordinary party members of the party organizations at the grassroots level should not be included in the supervision. Before the introduction of the implementation rules of the supervision law, it is necessary to determine the object of supervision from the legal principles that are beneficial to the parties, and avoid the ambiguity of the supervision law on the supervision object, which leads to excessive supervision and supervision, and brings about bad enforcement effects.
引文
[1][6]蔡雪冰.以“国家公职人员”取代“国家工作人员”——“国家工作人员”立法解释辨析[J].国家检察官学院学报,2001(3):110,102-103.
[2]蔡乐渭.国家监察机关的监察对象[J].环球法律评论,2017(2):137.
[3]蒋永甫.乡村治理视域中的农民土地财产权——种私权力取向的研究路径[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2009(3):20.
[4]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1972:166-167.
[5]马怀德.通过修法完善监察体制[N].学习时报,2016-07-14(A4).
[7][8][10]刘艳红.行政犯罪视野下的国家工作人员犯罪[J].刑法论丛,2008(4):189,193.
[9][11]吕世伦,李英杰.职权与职责研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2011(1):92,93.
(1)《关于刑法第九十三条第二款的解释》将村委会等基层组织人员协助人民政府从事行政管理工作列入“其他依照法律从事公务的人员”的七种情形是:(一)救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济款物的管理;(二)社会捐助公益事业款物的管理;(三)国有土地的经营和管理;(四)土地征用补偿费用的管理;(五)代征、代缴税款;(六)有关计划生育、户籍、征兵工作;(七)协助人民政府从事的其他行政管理工作。
(1)刑法1997年3月修订,《关于刑法第九十三条第二款的解释》于2000年4月通过,鉴于前次立法修订的经验与教训,本次监察法对象的解释不应再延宕过久。
[2]蔡乐渭.国家监察机关的监察对象[J].环球法律评论,2017(2):137.
[3]蒋永甫.乡村治理视域中的农民土地财产权——种私权力取向的研究路径[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2009(3):20.
[4]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1972:166-167.
[5]马怀德.通过修法完善监察体制[N].学习时报,2016-07-14(A4).
[7][8][10]刘艳红.行政犯罪视野下的国家工作人员犯罪[J].刑法论丛,2008(4):189,193.
[9][11]吕世伦,李英杰.职权与职责研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2011(1):92,93.
(1)《关于刑法第九十三条第二款的解释》将村委会等基层组织人员协助人民政府从事行政管理工作列入“其他依照法律从事公务的人员”的七种情形是:(一)救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济款物的管理;(二)社会捐助公益事业款物的管理;(三)国有土地的经营和管理;(四)土地征用补偿费用的管理;(五)代征、代缴税款;(六)有关计划生育、户籍、征兵工作;(七)协助人民政府从事的其他行政管理工作。
(1)刑法1997年3月修订,《关于刑法第九十三条第二款的解释》于2000年4月通过,鉴于前次立法修订的经验与教训,本次监察法对象的解释不应再延宕过久。