机械碾压对新建城市绿地土壤理化性质的影响──以西安植物园新园区为例
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摘要
为了揭示机械碾压对城市绿地土壤的影响,为城市植被栽植及土壤科学管理提供参考,以在建的西安植物园新园区为例,对机械碾压前后园区土壤理化性质和养分特征进行了研究与分析。结果表明:碾压后土壤容重升高,孔隙度普遍降低,0~30、30~60、60~100 cm土壤容重分别高出碾压前4.20%、14.60%、20.70%;碾压后土壤p H升高;碾压后,土壤表层速效氮含量普遍升高,提高了287%,表层土壤速效磷含量提高了20.30%,表层土壤速效钾含量提高了12.10%,碾压前后表层土壤有机质含量变化不大。碾压破坏了土壤结构,导致土壤容重增加,土壤p H升高,改变了土壤养分分布。针对以上问题及植物园建设的复杂性,须采取精准的土壤改良措施并长期监测碾压对植物生长的影响。
In order to study the effect of machinery compaction on urban green land soil and provide referencefor urban vegetation plantation and scientific management of soil, soil physical and chemical properties andnutrient characteristics were studied and analyzed after machinery compaction in the new Xi'an botanicalgarden. The results showed that soil bulk density increased after machinery compaction, and porositydecreased, soil bulk density of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm increased by 4.20%, 14.60% and 20.70% incomparing with that before machinery compaction; soil p H value increased after machinery compaction;surface soil available nitrogen content increased by 287%, available phosphorus increased by 20.30%,available potassium increased by 12.10%, the change of organic matter content was not obvious. Soil structurewas destroyed after machinery compaction, which caused the increase of soil bulk density and p H value, andchanged nutrient distribution. Taking into account the above problems caused by machinery compaction andthe complexity of botanical garden construction, accurate soil recovery measure and long-term observation ofmachinery compaction were necessary.
In order to study the effect of machinery compaction on urban green land soil and provide referencefor urban vegetation plantation and scientific management of soil, soil physical and chemical properties andnutrient characteristics were studied and analyzed after machinery compaction in the new Xi'an botanicalgarden. The results showed that soil bulk density increased after machinery compaction, and porositydecreased, soil bulk density of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm increased by 4.20%, 14.60% and 20.70% incomparing with that before machinery compaction; soil p H value increased after machinery compaction;surface soil available nitrogen content increased by 287%, available phosphorus increased by 20.30%,available potassium increased by 12.10%, the change of organic matter content was not obvious. Soil structurewas destroyed after machinery compaction, which caused the increase of soil bulk density and p H value, andchanged nutrient distribution. Taking into account the above problems caused by machinery compaction andthe complexity of botanical garden construction, accurate soil recovery measure and long-term observation ofmachinery compaction were necessary.
引文
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[3]Sukopp H.The city as a subject for ecological research[M].Springer US:Urban Ecology,2008:281-298.
[4]Li S,Deng H,Rensing C,et al.Compaction stimulates denitrification in an urban park soil using 15N tracing technique[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(5):3783-3791.
[5]Pouyat R V,Yesilonis I D,Russell-Anelli J,et al.Soil chemical and physical properties that differentiate urban land-use and cover types[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2007,71(3):1010-1019.
[6]Jim C Y.Soil characteristics and management in an urban park in Hong Kong[J].Environmental management,1998,22(5):683-695.
[7]Ruser R,Flessa H,Russow R,et al.Emission of N2O,N2and CO2from soil fertilized with nitrate:effect of compaction,soil moisture and rewetting[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(2):263-274.
[8]Watson G W,Neely D.The landscape below ground[J].International Society of Arboriculture,Savoy,IL,1994.
[9]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[10]张万儒,杨光滢,屠星南.森林土壤分析方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[11]聂发辉,李田,姚海峰.上海市城市绿地土壤特性及对雨洪削减效应的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(2):49-52.
[12]张波,史正军,张朝,等.深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究[J].中国农学报,2012,28(4):299-304.
[13]卓文珊,唐建锋,管东生.城市绿地土壤特性及人类活动的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2007,46(2):32-35.
[14]Pouyat R V,Yesilonis I D,Russell-Anelli J,et al.Soil chemical and physical properties that differentiate urban land-use and cover types[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2007,71(3):1010-1019.
[15]方海兰,贾虎,尹柏仁,等.CJ/T340—2011.绿化种植土壤[S].中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,2011.
[16]朱祖祥.土壤学[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.
[17]Pengthamkeerati P,Motavalli P P,Kremer R J,et al.Soil carbon dioxide efflux from a claypan soil affected by surface compaction and applications of poultry litter[J].Agriculture,ecosystems&environment,2005,109(1):75-86.
[18]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[19]徐海,王益权,石宗琳,等.关中地区夏玉米全育期土壤速效养分时空分布规律[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):603-606.
[20]Tan X,Chang S X.Soil compaction and forest litter amendment affect carbon and net nitrogen mineralization in a boreal forest soil[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,93(1):77-86.
[21]Smetak K M,Johnson-Maynard J L,Lloyd J E.Earthworm population density and diversity in different-aged urban systems[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2007,37(1):161-168.