作物苗后喷施除草剂遮挡装置研制与应用
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摘要
为有效解决杂草对作物产量的影响,降低除草成本,提升作物苗后行间除草技术,提出了宽行距种植作物苗后行间喷施除草剂遮挡装置的指导思想,研制出的宽行距种植作物苗后行间喷施除草剂遮挡装置,主要包括支架、底座构件和遮挡构件3部分。该装置可满足不同作物不同种植行距的农艺技术需求,可与不同大小的常规电动喷雾器配套使用,经多种作物应用伤苗率约2%~3%,可较传统人工苗后除草功效提高5~7倍,且具有灵活轻便及生产和作业成本低等特点。该装置的研制与开发拓宽了灭生性杂草的应用范围,对减轻农田杂草危害、降低除草成本、提高经济效益提供了技术支撑。
in order to solve weeds effect on crop yield,reduce weeding cost,promote weeding technology of post-emergence in inter-row,this paper put forward a occlusion device applied to herbicide row spraying in post-emergence period of crops which mainly includes stent,substructure component and occlusion component. The device could satisfy the agronomic technique needs to different row planting crops,corollary use with normal electric sprayer,whose percent of damaged seedling was 2%-3% after application,and the weeding efficiency improved 5-7 times compared with traditional manual weeding in post-emergence,which had characteristics of flexible light,low producing and operating costs. The study and development widened application range of sterilant weeds,which provided technical supports for reducing weed damage to farm and weeding cost and promoting economic efficiency.
in order to solve weeds effect on crop yield,reduce weeding cost,promote weeding technology of post-emergence in inter-row,this paper put forward a occlusion device applied to herbicide row spraying in post-emergence period of crops which mainly includes stent,substructure component and occlusion component. The device could satisfy the agronomic technique needs to different row planting crops,corollary use with normal electric sprayer,whose percent of damaged seedling was 2%-3% after application,and the weeding efficiency improved 5-7 times compared with traditional manual weeding in post-emergence,which had characteristics of flexible light,low producing and operating costs. The study and development widened application range of sterilant weeds,which provided technical supports for reducing weed damage to farm and weeding cost and promoting economic efficiency.
引文
[1]王燕青,李隆玲,武拉平.农民种粮是否有利可图?——基于粮食种植成本收益分析[J].农业经济与管理,2016(1):69-79.
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[5]高贞攀,郭平毅,原向阳,等.苯磺隆和单嘧磺隆对张杂谷10号光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(6):36-45.
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[8]陈世国,强胜,毛婵娟.草甘膦作用机制和抗性研究进展[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):17-24.
[9]吴绪金,钟红剑,马朝旺,等.烟嘧磺隆在玉米和土壤中的残留及消解动态研究[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(1):87-91.
[10]谢志坚,李海蓝,徐昌旭,等.两种除草剂的土壤生态效应及其对后茬作物生长的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):880-887.
[11]刘国平,孙仕明,成学思,等.3ZS-2型中耕除草机的研究设计[J].农机化研究,1999(2):49-50.
[12]张惠友,侯书林,董欣,等.XQ-7型驱动式中耕除草复式作业机[J].东北农业大学学报,1998,29(1):62-67.
[13]刘晓芳,刘丽,谭振军,等.5XSC-50型手抚松土除草机的研究与设计[J].辽宁林业科技,2002(4):22-23.
[14]秦贵,张艳红.蔬菜设施小型除草机的研制[J].中国蔬菜,2010(21):46-48.
[15]刘玉芹,赵国芳,温永秀.除草剂概述及玉米田综合除草技术探讨[J].河北农业科学2010,14(8):127-128.
[2]张秀琴.试论比较效益与粮食安全[J].中国农业会计,2014(8):48-50.
[3]吴明荣,唐伟,陈杰.我国小麦田除草剂应用及杂草抗药性现状[J].农药,2013,52(6):457-460.
[4]赵维,刘同金,戴争,等.不同除草剂防除玉米田杂草药效试验[J].山东农业科学,2011(8):90-92.
[5]高贞攀,郭平毅,原向阳,等.苯磺隆和单嘧磺隆对张杂谷10号光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(6):36-45.
[6]朱馨可.大豆除草剂的施用技术[J].中国农业信息,2017(18):93-94.
[7]周桂元,梁炫强,李少雄,等.花生田杂草安全防除技术[J].广东农业科学2010(1):70-71.
[8]陈世国,强胜,毛婵娟.草甘膦作用机制和抗性研究进展[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):17-24.
[9]吴绪金,钟红剑,马朝旺,等.烟嘧磺隆在玉米和土壤中的残留及消解动态研究[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(1):87-91.
[10]谢志坚,李海蓝,徐昌旭,等.两种除草剂的土壤生态效应及其对后茬作物生长的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):880-887.
[11]刘国平,孙仕明,成学思,等.3ZS-2型中耕除草机的研究设计[J].农机化研究,1999(2):49-50.
[12]张惠友,侯书林,董欣,等.XQ-7型驱动式中耕除草复式作业机[J].东北农业大学学报,1998,29(1):62-67.
[13]刘晓芳,刘丽,谭振军,等.5XSC-50型手抚松土除草机的研究与设计[J].辽宁林业科技,2002(4):22-23.
[14]秦贵,张艳红.蔬菜设施小型除草机的研制[J].中国蔬菜,2010(21):46-48.
[15]刘玉芹,赵国芳,温永秀.除草剂概述及玉米田综合除草技术探讨[J].河北农业科学2010,14(8):127-128.