国家质量基础的价值作用机理和模型研究
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摘要
由于理念的先进性,国家质量基础(NQI)被认为是解决全球质量治理问题的终极答案,并迅速被我国接受。本文从直接为经济体提供价值的角度出发,重构了NQI内部要素耦合模型,认为计量、标准、认可和合格评定(检验检测+认证)共同构成了NQI,其中合格评定是作用于经济体的核心要素,但NQI的价值依赖于四要素的共同发力;提出了连接消费者和产业需求的价值作用模型,指出NQI同时连接了需求侧和供给侧,通过支撑贸易和支撑生产作用于经济体。在此基础上,梳理出NQI影响经济体发展的四个层次:保质、降本、增效和竞争。研究结论可为未来NQI的量化提供基础支撑,为政府建设NQI提供理论支持。
As an advanced concept, National Quality Infrastructure(NQI) is considered as the answer to the global quality challenge, and has been rapidly accepted by China. From the angle of providing directly value to the economies, the paper reconstructs NQI's element model, points out that metrolog, standard, accreditation and conformity assessment(test and certification) constitute the NQI. Conformity assessment is the core element, but NQI's value depends on all elements work together. The paper also builds a supply-demand-linked value model and indicates that NQI is lin ked to the demand side and the supply side, and suppor ts economy through trade and production. On this basis, the paper sorts out four levels of NQI's value: quality preservation, cost reduction, eff iciency enhancement and support competition. The research conclusion can provide the basic support for the quantification of NQI in the future, and provide theoretical support for the government to build NQI.
As an advanced concept, National Quality Infrastructure(NQI) is considered as the answer to the global quality challenge, and has been rapidly accepted by China. From the angle of providing directly value to the economies, the paper reconstructs NQI's element model, points out that metrolog, standard, accreditation and conformity assessment(test and certification) constitute the NQI. Conformity assessment is the core element, but NQI's value depends on all elements work together. The paper also builds a supply-demand-linked value model and indicates that NQI is lin ked to the demand side and the supply side, and suppor ts economy through trade and production. On this basis, the paper sorts out four levels of NQI's value: quality preservation, cost reduction, eff iciency enhancement and support competition. The research conclusion can provide the basic support for the quantification of NQI in the future, and provide theoretical support for the government to build NQI.
引文
[1]PTB.The Answer to the Global Quality Challenge:A National Quality Infrastructure[R],2014.
[2]联合国贸发组织、世界贸易组织《.出口战略创新》[R],2005.
[3]UNIDO.Quality Infrastructure[R],2006.
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[12]Bipm.Metrology-an international endeavor[R],2016.
[2]联合国贸发组织、世界贸易组织《.出口战略创新》[R],2005.
[3]UNIDO.Quality Infrastructure[R],2006.
[4]World Bank.The National Quality Infrastructure[R],2013.
[5]International renewable energy agency.Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energy Technologies—Guidelines for Policy Makers[R],2015.
[6]PTB,The functioning of quality infrastructure[R],2015.
[7]http://www.miic.gov.jm/content/national-quality-infrastructure.
[8]“加强产业质量技术基础战略研究”课题组.中国制造2025系列丛书《工业强基》之第五章--产业质量技术基础[M],2015.
[9]支树平.以产品质量的提升推动经济的转型升级[J].求是,2013(9):26-28.
[10]World Bank.Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge[R],2007.
[11]UNIDO.Leveraging the Impact of Business Environment Reform:The Contribution of Quality Infrastructure.Lessons from Practice[R],2015.
[12]Bipm.Metrology-an international endeavor[R],2016.