铜镉联合胁迫处理对鲫体内重金属和组织病理的影响
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摘要
采用半静态铜镉联合胁迫处理鲫(Carassius auratus),研究铜和镉在鱼体各组织的富集以及对各组织的病理损伤。结果表明,在鲫的肝脏、鳃丝、肠道和肌肉中均可富集铜和镉,且铜的蓄积比镉显著。在鲫各组织中镉含量随着铜、镉浓度的增加逐渐增加,而铜含量则呈下降趋势,可能是镉抑制了机体对铜的吸收。在0.15 mg/L铜联合0.20 mg/L镉处理鲫14d后,其肌肉中镉含量为0.13 mg/kg,超出了行业标准的阈值(0.10 mg/kg)。在铜镉联合处理鲫后,其肝组织出现血细胞聚集、脂沉积、细胞空化等症状;鳃丝组织上皮增生、水肿和黏膜肿胀;在肠组织中杯状细胞肿胀、柱状细胞增生、固有层出现液泡、肠黏膜糜烂、肠绒毛脱落坏死;在肌组织中肌纤维断裂、聚集、崩溃、溶解,同时肌纤维间隙增大。研究结果表明,铜和镉不仅能在鲫体内富集,而且能够对鲫各组织产生病理损伤,且浓度越高、损伤越严重,这主要是由于鲫体内镉浓度的升高所导致。研究可为重金属污染对鲫生长状况和食用安全性的影响分析提供数据支撑。
Heavy metal copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) are common contaminants in water environment and dangerous to the existence and edible safety of fish. In this study, laboratory simulated semi-static method was used to feed Carassius auratus by simultaneously adding Cu and Cd to the water. The concentrations of Cu and Cd were detected in different places of Carassius auratus. Moreover, the effect of Cu and Cd on different tissues of Carassius auratus was evaluated by histopathology. The results showed that liver, gill, gut and muscle of Carassius auratus had enrichment of Cu and Cd. The Cu concentration was significantly higher than Cd in Carassius auratus. With increasing Cd concentration in water, Cd concentration in the tissues of Carassius auratus gradually increased. However, Cu concentration in Carassius auratus showed a declined trend. After fed 14 days with Cu and Cd concentrations of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/L,respectively, the muscle of Carassius auratus had a Cd concentration of 0.13 mg/kg, which exceeded the limit value of0.10 mg/kg in Chinese industrial standard on "the limit of poisonous and harmful material in aquatic products". After combined treatment of both Cu and Cd, the tissues of Carassius auratus showed various pathological changes.Moreover, the damage degree increased with increasing concentrations of Cu and Cd. Liver tissue showed hemagglutination, lipoidosis and cell vacuolation. Gill tissue manifested hyperplasia, edema and mucosal swollen. Gut tissue included goblet cell swollen, columnar cell hyperplasia, lamina propria vacuolation, mucosal erosion and villi exfoliation.Muscle tissue showed myofiber fracture, aggregation, collapse and dissolution, as well as broad gap of myofiber. Cu and Cd accumulated in Carassius auratus, and histopathological damage was present in the tissues. Moreover, the higher concentration, the more obvious damages, and these were mainly due to the accumulation of Cd in the body. This study can provide data support for the growth condition and edible safety of heavy metal pollution on Carassius auratus.
Heavy metal copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) are common contaminants in water environment and dangerous to the existence and edible safety of fish. In this study, laboratory simulated semi-static method was used to feed Carassius auratus by simultaneously adding Cu and Cd to the water. The concentrations of Cu and Cd were detected in different places of Carassius auratus. Moreover, the effect of Cu and Cd on different tissues of Carassius auratus was evaluated by histopathology. The results showed that liver, gill, gut and muscle of Carassius auratus had enrichment of Cu and Cd. The Cu concentration was significantly higher than Cd in Carassius auratus. With increasing Cd concentration in water, Cd concentration in the tissues of Carassius auratus gradually increased. However, Cu concentration in Carassius auratus showed a declined trend. After fed 14 days with Cu and Cd concentrations of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/L,respectively, the muscle of Carassius auratus had a Cd concentration of 0.13 mg/kg, which exceeded the limit value of0.10 mg/kg in Chinese industrial standard on "the limit of poisonous and harmful material in aquatic products". After combined treatment of both Cu and Cd, the tissues of Carassius auratus showed various pathological changes.Moreover, the damage degree increased with increasing concentrations of Cu and Cd. Liver tissue showed hemagglutination, lipoidosis and cell vacuolation. Gill tissue manifested hyperplasia, edema and mucosal swollen. Gut tissue included goblet cell swollen, columnar cell hyperplasia, lamina propria vacuolation, mucosal erosion and villi exfoliation.Muscle tissue showed myofiber fracture, aggregation, collapse and dissolution, as well as broad gap of myofiber. Cu and Cd accumulated in Carassius auratus, and histopathological damage was present in the tissues. Moreover, the higher concentration, the more obvious damages, and these were mainly due to the accumulation of Cd in the body. This study can provide data support for the growth condition and edible safety of heavy metal pollution on Carassius auratus.
引文
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