旋风分离器机理模型设计与研究
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摘要
旋风分离器的运行特性在很大程度上影响流化床锅炉的整体运行效率,其内部的气固两相流呈现复杂的旋涡流动。不同角度的数学模型在展现其运行机理时过于复杂或者片面。对一种筒锥组合、逆流式旋风分离器,进行结构细分,建立其内部参数的机理模型。对于分级分离效率比较了三种切割粒径的计算方法,对于压降进行了结合系统结构的压降细分,并给出不同部分的压降计算模型,传热模型考虑了可燃颗粒的放热过程。借助于仿真,分析了不同输入下模型的输出结果,表明该机理模型能够体现旋风分离器的运行特性,并且模型具备较高的精度。
The operating characteristics of the cyclone separator greatly affect the overall operating efficiency of the boiler, the gas-solid two-phase flow in the cyclone separator is complicated by the vortex flow. The mathematical model of different angles has been too complicated or one-sided to show its running mechanism. A mechanism model of the internal parameters of a cone assembly and a counter current cyclone separator has been established. The three cutting diameter calculation methods have been compared for grade separation efficiency. The pressure drop has been combined with the pressure drop of the subdivision of the system structure, and the calculation model for different parts has been presented. The exothermic process of combustible particles has been embodied in the heat transfer model. By means of simulation, the outputs of the model with different inputs have been analyzed, which shows that the model can reflect the operating characteristics of the cyclone separator with higher precision.
The operating characteristics of the cyclone separator greatly affect the overall operating efficiency of the boiler, the gas-solid two-phase flow in the cyclone separator is complicated by the vortex flow. The mathematical model of different angles has been too complicated or one-sided to show its running mechanism. A mechanism model of the internal parameters of a cone assembly and a counter current cyclone separator has been established. The three cutting diameter calculation methods have been compared for grade separation efficiency. The pressure drop has been combined with the pressure drop of the subdivision of the system structure, and the calculation model for different parts has been presented. The exothermic process of combustible particles has been embodied in the heat transfer model. By means of simulation, the outputs of the model with different inputs have been analyzed, which shows that the model can reflect the operating characteristics of the cyclone separator with higher precision.
引文
[1]A.C.霍夫曼,L.E.斯坦因.旋风分离器—原理、设计和工程应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.Alex C.Hoffmann,Louis E.Stein.Gas cyclones and swirl tubes:principles,design and operation[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004.
[2]王海刚,赵国荣,邱桂芝.循环流化床多旋风分离器入口电容层析成像测量[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(1):109-113.WANG Hai-gang,ZHAO Guo-rong,QIU Gui-zhi.Investigation the Solid Phase Distribution in the Inlet of Multi-Cyclone of a Circulating Fluidised Bed by Electrical Capacitance Tomography[J].JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING THERMOPHYSICS,2014,35(1):109-113.
[3]王帅,罗坤,杨世亮,等.旋风分离器内气固两相流动特性的LES-DEM研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(2):342-346.WANG Shuai,LUO Kun,YANG Shi-Liang,et al.LES-DEM Investigation of the Gas-Solid Flow Characteristics in a Cyclone Separator[J].JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING THERMOPHYSICS,2016,37(2):342-346.
[4]钱付平,章名耀.旋风分离器分离性能的经验模型与数值预测[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(1):35-39.Qian Fuping,Zhang Mingyao.Empirical model and numerical prediction for separation performance of cyclone separator[J].JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY(Natural Science Edition),2005,35(1):35-39.
[5]沈贤锋,刘汉周,韦维.单双锥旋风分离器分离性能数值模拟[J].动力工程学报,2015,35(10):824-829.SHEN Xianfeng,LIU Hanzhou,WEI Wei.Numerical Simulation on Separation Performance of Single-and Double-cone Separators[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2015,35(10):824-829.
[6]万里鹏,苟小龙,李波,等.440 t/h循环流化床锅炉汽冷式旋风分离器动态仿真[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(3):45-47.WAN Li-peng,GOU Xiao-long,LI Bo,et al.Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of 440 t/h Steam-cooled Cyclone Separator for CFB Boiler[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2006,29(3):45-47.
[7]高明明,岳光溪,雷秀坚,等.600 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉控制系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(35):6319-6328.GAO Mingmin,YUE Guangxi,LEI Xiujian,et al.Research on Control System of 600MW Supercritical Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(35):6319-6328.
[8]Dirgo J,Leith D.Performance of theoretically optimized cyclones[J].Filtration and Separation(S0015-1882),1985,22(2):119-125.
[9]Overcamp T J,Mantha S V.A simple method of estimanting cyclone efficiency[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy(S1944-7442),2010,17(2):77-79.
[10]陈克俭.循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器效率的计算[J].动力工程,2003,23(2):2346-2349.CHEN Ke-jian.The Calculation of Efficiency for CFB-Boil’s Cyclone Separator[J].POWER ENGINEERING,2003,23(2):2346-2349.
[11]岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱,等.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.Cen Kefa,Ni Mingjiang,Luo Zhongyang,et al.Theoretical design and operation of circulating fluidized bed boiler[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1999.
[12]钱付平,章名耀.基于响应曲面法旋风分离器的自然旋风长[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(2):247-251.Qian Fuping,Zhang Mingyao.Natural vortex lengths of cyclone separators based on response surface methodology[J].JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY(Natural Science Edition),2006,36(2):247-251.
[13]付炟,孙国刚,刘佳,等.旋风分离器进口涡旋感生速度场的减阻增效作用[J].化工学报,2011,62(7):1927-1932.FU Da,SUN Guogang,LIU Jia,et al.Effect of induced velocity on separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones caused by vortex in vortex-tube inlet pipe[J].CIESC Journal,2011,62(7):1927-1932.
[14]高建强.大型循环流化床锅炉实时仿真模型与运行特性研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2005.Gao Jianqiang.Study of Real-time Simulation Model and Operation Property for Big Capacity Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Unit[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2005.
[15]张建,金有海.排气结构对导叶式旋风分离器的性能预测研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(4):1214-1217.Zhang Jian,Jin Youhai.CFD Analysis on Collection Performance of Swirl Tube with Different Vortex Finder Geometries[J].Journal of System Simulation,2009,21(4):1214-1217.
[16]刘向阳.固-气旋风分离器分离效率影响的数值分析[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2013,10(1):68-70.Liu Xiangyang.Numerical analysis for separation performance of cyclone separator[J].Journal of Yangtze University(natural science Edition),2013,10(1):68-70.
[17]钱付平,章名耀.基于边界层理论旋风分离器分离效率的改进模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(5):71-75.QIAN Fu-ping,ZHANG Ming-yao.An Extended Model for Determining the Separation Efficiency of a Cyclone With Boundary Layer Theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(5):71-75.
[18]翟会琴,许朋,邱冰冰,等.体积流量对旋风分离器影响的模拟分析[J].安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,30(1):34-37.ZHAI Huiqin,XU Peng,Qi U Bingbing,et al.Simulation and Analysis of Volume Flow Influencing of Cyclone Separator[J].Journal of An Hui University of technology(Natural Science),2013,30(1):34-37.
[2]王海刚,赵国荣,邱桂芝.循环流化床多旋风分离器入口电容层析成像测量[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(1):109-113.WANG Hai-gang,ZHAO Guo-rong,QIU Gui-zhi.Investigation the Solid Phase Distribution in the Inlet of Multi-Cyclone of a Circulating Fluidised Bed by Electrical Capacitance Tomography[J].JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING THERMOPHYSICS,2014,35(1):109-113.
[3]王帅,罗坤,杨世亮,等.旋风分离器内气固两相流动特性的LES-DEM研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(2):342-346.WANG Shuai,LUO Kun,YANG Shi-Liang,et al.LES-DEM Investigation of the Gas-Solid Flow Characteristics in a Cyclone Separator[J].JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING THERMOPHYSICS,2016,37(2):342-346.
[4]钱付平,章名耀.旋风分离器分离性能的经验模型与数值预测[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(1):35-39.Qian Fuping,Zhang Mingyao.Empirical model and numerical prediction for separation performance of cyclone separator[J].JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY(Natural Science Edition),2005,35(1):35-39.
[5]沈贤锋,刘汉周,韦维.单双锥旋风分离器分离性能数值模拟[J].动力工程学报,2015,35(10):824-829.SHEN Xianfeng,LIU Hanzhou,WEI Wei.Numerical Simulation on Separation Performance of Single-and Double-cone Separators[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2015,35(10):824-829.
[6]万里鹏,苟小龙,李波,等.440 t/h循环流化床锅炉汽冷式旋风分离器动态仿真[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(3):45-47.WAN Li-peng,GOU Xiao-long,LI Bo,et al.Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of 440 t/h Steam-cooled Cyclone Separator for CFB Boiler[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2006,29(3):45-47.
[7]高明明,岳光溪,雷秀坚,等.600 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉控制系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(35):6319-6328.GAO Mingmin,YUE Guangxi,LEI Xiujian,et al.Research on Control System of 600MW Supercritical Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(35):6319-6328.
[8]Dirgo J,Leith D.Performance of theoretically optimized cyclones[J].Filtration and Separation(S0015-1882),1985,22(2):119-125.
[9]Overcamp T J,Mantha S V.A simple method of estimanting cyclone efficiency[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy(S1944-7442),2010,17(2):77-79.
[10]陈克俭.循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器效率的计算[J].动力工程,2003,23(2):2346-2349.CHEN Ke-jian.The Calculation of Efficiency for CFB-Boil’s Cyclone Separator[J].POWER ENGINEERING,2003,23(2):2346-2349.
[11]岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱,等.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.Cen Kefa,Ni Mingjiang,Luo Zhongyang,et al.Theoretical design and operation of circulating fluidized bed boiler[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1999.
[12]钱付平,章名耀.基于响应曲面法旋风分离器的自然旋风长[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(2):247-251.Qian Fuping,Zhang Mingyao.Natural vortex lengths of cyclone separators based on response surface methodology[J].JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY(Natural Science Edition),2006,36(2):247-251.
[13]付炟,孙国刚,刘佳,等.旋风分离器进口涡旋感生速度场的减阻增效作用[J].化工学报,2011,62(7):1927-1932.FU Da,SUN Guogang,LIU Jia,et al.Effect of induced velocity on separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones caused by vortex in vortex-tube inlet pipe[J].CIESC Journal,2011,62(7):1927-1932.
[14]高建强.大型循环流化床锅炉实时仿真模型与运行特性研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2005.Gao Jianqiang.Study of Real-time Simulation Model and Operation Property for Big Capacity Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Unit[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2005.
[15]张建,金有海.排气结构对导叶式旋风分离器的性能预测研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(4):1214-1217.Zhang Jian,Jin Youhai.CFD Analysis on Collection Performance of Swirl Tube with Different Vortex Finder Geometries[J].Journal of System Simulation,2009,21(4):1214-1217.
[16]刘向阳.固-气旋风分离器分离效率影响的数值分析[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2013,10(1):68-70.Liu Xiangyang.Numerical analysis for separation performance of cyclone separator[J].Journal of Yangtze University(natural science Edition),2013,10(1):68-70.
[17]钱付平,章名耀.基于边界层理论旋风分离器分离效率的改进模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(5):71-75.QIAN Fu-ping,ZHANG Ming-yao.An Extended Model for Determining the Separation Efficiency of a Cyclone With Boundary Layer Theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(5):71-75.
[18]翟会琴,许朋,邱冰冰,等.体积流量对旋风分离器影响的模拟分析[J].安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,30(1):34-37.ZHAI Huiqin,XU Peng,Qi U Bingbing,et al.Simulation and Analysis of Volume Flow Influencing of Cyclone Separator[J].Journal of An Hui University of technology(Natural Science),2013,30(1):34-37.