沙葱及其提取物对肉羊瘤胃发酵及微生物区系的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究沙葱、沙葱水溶性提取物和脂溶性提取物对肉羊瘤胃发酵及微生物区系的影响。试验选用24只体况良好、体重为(37.1±0.5) kg的杜寒F1杂交羊,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,沙葱组在基础饲粮中添加沙葱粉[10.0 g/(d·只)],脂溶组在基础饲粮中添加沙葱脂溶性提取物[2.8 g/(d·只)],水溶组在基础饲粮中添加沙葱水溶性提取物[3.4 g/(d·只)]。饲养试验共持续75 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期60 d;在正试期的第0、30和60天晨饲后2 h通过口腔采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物的含量。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,在60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高了瘤胃液pH(P<0.05),降低了瘤胃液氨态氮的浓度(P>0.05),但均未超过正常范围;饲粮中添加沙葱显著提高了瘤胃液菌体蛋白浓度(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,在60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱和其脂溶性提取物显著提高了瘤胃液丙酸浓度(P<0.05),添加沙葱显著提高了瘤胃液丁酸浓度(P<0.05)并显著降低了异丁酸的浓度(P<0.05),乙酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,在30、60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高了产琥珀酸丝状杆菌和黄色瘤胃球菌含量(P<0.05),对溶纤维丁酸弧菌、甲烷菌、白色瘤胃球菌含量没有显著影响(P>0.05);在60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱水溶性提取物显著提高瘤胃液真菌含量(P<0.05),饲粮中添加沙葱显著降低瘤胃液原虫含量(P<0.05)。综上,沙葱及其提取物改善了瘤胃发酵模式,显著影响了肉羊瘤胃微生物区系。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of the Allium monogolium Regel( AMR),water-soluble extracts( AWE) and fat-soluble extracts( AFE) of AMR on rumen fermentation and rumen microflora of sheep. Twelve Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred with body weight of( 37. 1 ± 0. 5) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 1 repetition per group. The control( CON) group was fed a basal diet,the AMR group was fed diets supplemented with AMR( 10 g/d per sheep),the AFE group was fed diets supplemented with AFE( 2.8 g/d per sheep),the AWE group was fed diets supplemented with AWE( 3.4 g/d per sheep). The feeding test lasted 75 d including a 15-day pre-test period and a 60-day formal period. Rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial content were measured by oral rumen fluid collection after feeding2 h later on the days 0,30 and 60 of the feeding period. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the CON group,on day 60,dietary AMR and its extracts significantly increased the pH of the rumen fluid( P<0.05),and decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid( P> 0. 05); the addition of AMR in the diet significantly increased the concentration of mycoprotein in the rumen fluid( P < 0. 05). 2)Compared with the CON group,on day 60,the addition of AMR and AFE in the diet significantly increased the concentration of propionic acid in the rumen fluid( P<0.05),the addition of AMR in the diet significantly increased the concentration of butyric acid in the rumen fluid( P<0.05) and significantly decreased the concentration of isobutyric acid( P<0.05),the differences in the concentrations of acetic acid,valeric acid and isovaleric acid were not significant among groups( P>0.05). 3) Compared with the CON group,on days 30 and60,dietary AMR and its extracts significantly increased the contents of Ruminococcus succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen fluid( P<0.05) and had no significant effect on the contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,methanogen and Ruminococcus albus( P>0.05); on day 60,dietary AWE significantly increased the fungi content in the rumen fluid( P<0.05); dietary AWE significantly decreased the content of protozoa in the rumen fluid( P<0.05). In summary,dietary AMR and its extract improve the rumen fermentation mode and the rumen microflora of sheep.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2313-2322]
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of the Allium monogolium Regel( AMR),water-soluble extracts( AWE) and fat-soluble extracts( AFE) of AMR on rumen fermentation and rumen microflora of sheep. Twelve Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred with body weight of( 37. 1 ± 0. 5) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 1 repetition per group. The control( CON) group was fed a basal diet,the AMR group was fed diets supplemented with AMR( 10 g/d per sheep),the AFE group was fed diets supplemented with AFE( 2.8 g/d per sheep),the AWE group was fed diets supplemented with AWE( 3.4 g/d per sheep). The feeding test lasted 75 d including a 15-day pre-test period and a 60-day formal period. Rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial content were measured by oral rumen fluid collection after feeding2 h later on the days 0,30 and 60 of the feeding period. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the CON group,on day 60,dietary AMR and its extracts significantly increased the pH of the rumen fluid( P<0.05),and decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid( P> 0. 05); the addition of AMR in the diet significantly increased the concentration of mycoprotein in the rumen fluid( P < 0. 05). 2)Compared with the CON group,on day 60,the addition of AMR and AFE in the diet significantly increased the concentration of propionic acid in the rumen fluid( P<0.05),the addition of AMR in the diet significantly increased the concentration of butyric acid in the rumen fluid( P<0.05) and significantly decreased the concentration of isobutyric acid( P<0.05),the differences in the concentrations of acetic acid,valeric acid and isovaleric acid were not significant among groups( P>0.05). 3) Compared with the CON group,on days 30 and60,dietary AMR and its extracts significantly increased the contents of Ruminococcus succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen fluid( P<0.05) and had no significant effect on the contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,methanogen and Ruminococcus albus( P>0.05); on day 60,dietary AWE significantly increased the fungi content in the rumen fluid( P<0.05); dietary AWE significantly decreased the content of protozoa in the rumen fluid( P<0.05). In summary,dietary AMR and its extract improve the rumen fermentation mode and the rumen microflora of sheep.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2313-2322]
引文
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[30]苑文珠.茶皂素对湖羊生产性能及瘤胃发酵的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2002.
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[2]刘兵,瞿明仁,张学峰,等.瘤胃灌注大豆寡糖对绵羊消化道内营养物质流通与消化的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008(7):915-922.
[3]张华,童津津,孙铭维,杨德莲,张婕,熊本海,蒋林树.植物提取物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵、生产性能及甲烷产量的调控作用及其机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2027-2035.
[4]斯琴巴特尔,刘新民.蒙古韭的营养成分及民族植物学[J].中国草地,2002,24(3):52-54.
[5]燕玲,王六英,李红.内蒙古10种葱属植物染色体数目及核型分析[J].中国草地,1999(5):73-75.
[6]李亚蕾,罗瑞明.沙葱提取物抗菌效果的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(33):14596-14597,14618.
[7]凌关庭.天然抗氧化剂及其消除氧自由基的进展[J].食品工业,2000(3):19-22.
[8]木其尔.沙葱黄酮对肉羊机体抗氧化和免疫功能的影响及其机理研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[9]陈仁伟.沙葱黄酮对肉羊生产性能及其肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[10]陈圣阳,敖长金,郑彦楷,等.沙葱黄酮对肉羊生产性能和肠道组织β-防御素基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1095-1102.
[11]包雨洪.沙葱多糖对绵羊瘤胃发酵、纤维素降解及血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[12]包玲玲,敖长金,萨茹丽,等.沙葱黄酮类化合物对绵羊瘤胃内环境(体外)的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(14):6-10.
[13]张霞.沙葱提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[14]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):37.
[15]严淑红,赵士萍,蒋琦晖,等.茶皂素对奶牛瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2485-2496.
[16]胡伟莲.皂甙对瘤胃发酵与甲烷产量及动物生产性能影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[17] BURGMANN H,PESARO M,WIDMER F,et al. A strategy for optimizing quality and quantity of DNA extracted from soil[J]. Journal of M icrobiological M ethods,2001,45(1):7-20.
[18]刘薇,辛杭书,刘彩娟,等.海南霉素对瘤胃发酵模式、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(2):242-249.
[19] DENMAN S E,MCSWEENEY C S.Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations w ithin the rumen[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2006,58(3):572-582.
[20] DENMAN S E,TOMKINS N W,MCSWEENEY C S.Quantitation and diversity analysis of ruminal methanogenic populations in response to the antimethanogenic compound bromochloromethane[J]. FEM S M icrobiology Ecology,2007,62(3):313-322.
[21]赵玉华.瘤胃微生物Real Time PCR定量方法的建立及其应用[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
[22]赵国琦,贾亚红,陈小连,等.不同NDF/NFE比的日粮对山羊瘤胃发酵参数影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(13):29-33.
[23] CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A,DEVANT M.Effects of pH and pH fluctuations on microbial fermentation and nutrient flow from a dual-flow continuous culture system[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(3):574-579.
[24]蒋涛,敖长金.沙葱和沙葱残渣对绵羊瘤胃内环境指标的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十次学术研讨会论文集.杭州:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2008:1.
[25]赵国芬,敖长金,赵志恭,等.沙葱和油料籽实对蒙古羊瘤胃内环境的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006(12):52-55.
[26]赵春艳,敖长金,张宇宏,等.沙葱对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007(1):58-59.
[27]赵广永,李凤学,杨雅芳,等.玉米油对秸秆瘤胃降解率与肉牛日粮消化率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(3):102-105.
[28] SAUVANT D,BAUMONT R,FAVERDIN P. Development of a mechanistic model of intake and chew ing activities of sheep[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1996,74(11):2785-2802.
[29]哈斯额尔敦,敖长金,张巧娥,等.沙葱水溶性提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵功能(体外)的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(11):48-51.
[30]苑文珠.茶皂素对湖羊生产性能及瘤胃发酵的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2002.
[31] SRINIVAS B,GUPTA B N.Rumen fermentation,bacterial and total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)production rates in cattle fed on urea-molasses-mineral block licks supplement[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,1997,65(1/2/3/4):275-286.
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