修正剑桥模型在深水浅层石油钻井井壁稳定中的应用
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摘要
深水浅层的压实程度低、结构薄弱,其破坏规律是深水浅层相关问题研究中的关键点之一。目前修正的剑桥模型已经应用于深水浅层的各类研究中,但是在深水浅层的井壁稳定问题中,深水浅层往往仍然被认为是理想弹塑性材料。将井眼周围地层分为3个区域:弹性区、流动区、塑性区。弹性区,地层为线弹性状态;流动区,地层服从修正的剑桥模型及小变形理论;塑性区,地层服从摩尔库伦准则。对各个区域的应力分布进行了求解,并在求解的基础上,结合超级孔隙压力建立了深水浅层的井壁稳定分析模型。通过实例运算,该井壁稳定模型的可靠性得到了验证。
Deepwater shallow sediments are weakly structured and unconsolidated. The deformation and failure is one of the key points in the study of deepwater shallow sediments. The modified Cambridge model was widely used in the studies of deepwater shallow sediments except for the borehole stability analysis, in which deepwater shallow sediments are still regarded as ideal elastic plastic materials. The formation is divided into three parts: the elastic zone, the flow zone and the plastic zone. In the elastic zone, the formation is linear elastic. In the flow zone, the modified Cambridge model is applied. In the plastic zone, the formation obeys the Mohr–Coulomb criterion. In this paper, the stress distribution of each region is solved, and on the basis of the solution, combined with the excess pore pressure, the borehole stability analysis model of deepwater shallow sediments is established. The calculation results agree with actual data, which verifies the proposed model.
Deepwater shallow sediments are weakly structured and unconsolidated. The deformation and failure is one of the key points in the study of deepwater shallow sediments. The modified Cambridge model was widely used in the studies of deepwater shallow sediments except for the borehole stability analysis, in which deepwater shallow sediments are still regarded as ideal elastic plastic materials. The formation is divided into three parts: the elastic zone, the flow zone and the plastic zone. In the elastic zone, the formation is linear elastic. In the flow zone, the modified Cambridge model is applied. In the plastic zone, the formation obeys the Mohr–Coulomb criterion. In this paper, the stress distribution of each region is solved, and on the basis of the solution, combined with the excess pore pressure, the borehole stability analysis model of deepwater shallow sediments is established. The calculation results agree with actual data, which verifies the proposed model.
引文
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2杨进,曹式敬.深水石油钻井技术现状及发展趋势.石油钻采工艺,2008,30(2):10-13Yang Jin,Cao Shijing.Current situation and developing trend of petroleum drilling technologies in deep water.Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(2):10-13(in Chinese)
3 Dutta T,Mavko G,Mukerji T.Compaction trends for shale and clean sandstone in shallow sediments,Gulf of Mexico.The Leading Edge,2009,28:590-600
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5 Bernaud D,Dormieux L,Maghous S.A constitutive and numerical model for mechanical compaction in sedimentary basins.Computers&Geotechnics,2006,33(6):316-329
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10 Zhou D,Andrew Wojtanowicz K.Analysis of leak-off tests in shallow marine sediments.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2002,124(4):231-238
11 Nes Olav M,Fj?r E,Tronvoll J,et al.Drilling time reduction through an integrated rock mechanics analysis.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2014,134(3):189-206
12 Grimstad G,Andresen L,Jostad Hans P.NGI-ADP:Anisotropic shear strength model for clay.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2012,36(4):483-497
13 Willson S,Edwards S,Heppard P,et al.Wellbore stability challenges in the deepwater,Gulf of Mexico:case history examples from the pompano field.SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Denver,Colorado,2003
14 Rocha L.Mechanisms of crater formation while drilling a well.[PhD Thesis].Baton Rouge,LA:Louisiana State University,1993
15 Aadnoy B,Soteland T,Ellingsen U.Casing point selection at shallow depth.SPE Drilling Conference,Orleans,Louisiana,1989
16 Martin T.Pore pressure and fracture pressure determinations in deepwater.Deepwater Technology Supplement to World Oil,1997,8:1-8
17 Zhang J,Ai C,Zeng B,et al.Study on wellbore stability of shallow sediments in deepwater drilling.Open Petroleum Engineering Journal,2017,10(1):48-63
18 Chuanliang Y,Jingen D,Xiangdong L,et al.Borehole stability analysis in deepwater shallow sediments.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2015,137(1):012901
19赵明华.土力学与基础工程.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2014Zhao Minghua.Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2014(in Chinese)
20 Ewy R.Yield and closure of directional and horizontal wells.International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):1061-1067
21 Gurevich Alexander E,Chilingarian George V.Developments in petroleum science.Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,1993,9(4):352-352
22 Henkel D.The relationships between the strength,porewater pressure,and volume-change characteristics of saturated clays.Géotechnique,2015,9(3):119-135
23 Wood D.Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991
2杨进,曹式敬.深水石油钻井技术现状及发展趋势.石油钻采工艺,2008,30(2):10-13Yang Jin,Cao Shijing.Current situation and developing trend of petroleum drilling technologies in deep water.Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(2):10-13(in Chinese)
3 Dutta T,Mavko G,Mukerji T.Compaction trends for shale and clean sandstone in shallow sediments,Gulf of Mexico.The Leading Edge,2009,28:590-600
4 Aadnoy B.Geomechanical analysis for deep-water drilling.SPE Drilling Conference,Dallas,Texas,1998
5 Bernaud D,Dormieux L,Maghous S.A constitutive and numerical model for mechanical compaction in sedimentary basins.Computers&Geotechnics,2006,33(6):316-329
6 Ferreira Clovis D,Da Mata W.New model to determine fracture gradient in ultradeep water.Computer Aided Chemical Engineering,2009(9):1857-1862
7 Shelton J,Smith John R,Gupta A.Publisher’s note:“experimental evaluation of separation methods for a riser dilution approach to dual density drilling”.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2011,133(4):047002
8 Bybee K.Wellbore stability challenges in the deepwater,Gulf of Mexico.Journal of Petroleum Technology,2003,55(10):61-62
9 Andrew Wojtanowicz K,Adam Bourgoyne T,Zhou D,et al.Strength and fracture gradients for shallow marine sediments.US Department of Interior Mineral Management Service,Final Report,2000
10 Zhou D,Andrew Wojtanowicz K.Analysis of leak-off tests in shallow marine sediments.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2002,124(4):231-238
11 Nes Olav M,Fj?r E,Tronvoll J,et al.Drilling time reduction through an integrated rock mechanics analysis.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2014,134(3):189-206
12 Grimstad G,Andresen L,Jostad Hans P.NGI-ADP:Anisotropic shear strength model for clay.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2012,36(4):483-497
13 Willson S,Edwards S,Heppard P,et al.Wellbore stability challenges in the deepwater,Gulf of Mexico:case history examples from the pompano field.SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Denver,Colorado,2003
14 Rocha L.Mechanisms of crater formation while drilling a well.[PhD Thesis].Baton Rouge,LA:Louisiana State University,1993
15 Aadnoy B,Soteland T,Ellingsen U.Casing point selection at shallow depth.SPE Drilling Conference,Orleans,Louisiana,1989
16 Martin T.Pore pressure and fracture pressure determinations in deepwater.Deepwater Technology Supplement to World Oil,1997,8:1-8
17 Zhang J,Ai C,Zeng B,et al.Study on wellbore stability of shallow sediments in deepwater drilling.Open Petroleum Engineering Journal,2017,10(1):48-63
18 Chuanliang Y,Jingen D,Xiangdong L,et al.Borehole stability analysis in deepwater shallow sediments.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2015,137(1):012901
19赵明华.土力学与基础工程.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2014Zhao Minghua.Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2014(in Chinese)
20 Ewy R.Yield and closure of directional and horizontal wells.International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):1061-1067
21 Gurevich Alexander E,Chilingarian George V.Developments in petroleum science.Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,1993,9(4):352-352
22 Henkel D.The relationships between the strength,porewater pressure,and volume-change characteristics of saturated clays.Géotechnique,2015,9(3):119-135
23 Wood D.Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991