饲用抗生素替代品对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究饲用抗生素替代品对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡384只,随机分为4个处理。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5 g/kg八角油、1 g/kg蚯蚓肽和0.02 g/kg杆菌肽锌。试验期为42 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组42日龄体重、1~21日龄和1~42日龄平均日采食量,1~42日龄平均日增重均显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组和蚯蚓肽组相比,八角油组和杆菌肽锌组1~21日龄和1~42日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加八角油显著提高肝脏、血清21日龄和42日龄超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P<0.05),并显著降低丙二酸(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。杆菌肽锌组42日龄血清、21日龄和42日龄肝脏抗氧化性能显著改善(P<0.05)。相比于对照组,饲粮中添加八角油、蚯蚓肽和杆菌肽锌显著提高脾脏指数(P<0.05),42日龄盲肠大肠杆菌和乳酸菌数量均显著改善(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加0.5 g/kg八角油或1 g/kg蚯蚓肽均可改善肉鸡生产性能,提高抗氧化性能和免疫性能。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of substitutes of feed antibiotic on growth performance,antioxidant property, immune function and intestinal microorganism of broiler chickens. Three hundred and eighty-four1-day-age Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. The birds were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0.5 g/kg star anise extraction, 1 g/kg earthworm and 0.02 g/kg Bacitracin zinc for 42 days. The results showed that the experiment treatments had higher body weight at 42 days of age, average daily feed intake at1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age, and average daily gain at 1 to 42 days of age than those of the control treatment(P<0.05). The star anise extraction and Bacitracin zinc treatment had higher feed conversion than those in the control and earthworm group during 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.05). The star anise treatment had increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) but decreased content of malonaldehyde(MDA) in liver and serum at 21 days and 42 days of age compared with the control treatment(P<0.05). And the Bacitracin zinc treatment also had improved antioxidant property in serum at 42 days of age and in liver at 21 and 42 days of age(P<0.05). The experiment treatments had increased the spleen index(P<0.05), and reduced E. coli count and increased Lactobacillus count in cecum at 42 days of age compared to the control treatment(P<0.05).These results indicated that dietary supplemented with 0.5 g/kg star anise extract and 1 g/kg earthworm could improve growth performance, antioxidant property and immune function in broilers.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of substitutes of feed antibiotic on growth performance,antioxidant property, immune function and intestinal microorganism of broiler chickens. Three hundred and eighty-four1-day-age Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. The birds were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0.5 g/kg star anise extraction, 1 g/kg earthworm and 0.02 g/kg Bacitracin zinc for 42 days. The results showed that the experiment treatments had higher body weight at 42 days of age, average daily feed intake at1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age, and average daily gain at 1 to 42 days of age than those of the control treatment(P<0.05). The star anise extraction and Bacitracin zinc treatment had higher feed conversion than those in the control and earthworm group during 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.05). The star anise treatment had increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) but decreased content of malonaldehyde(MDA) in liver and serum at 21 days and 42 days of age compared with the control treatment(P<0.05). And the Bacitracin zinc treatment also had improved antioxidant property in serum at 42 days of age and in liver at 21 and 42 days of age(P<0.05). The experiment treatments had increased the spleen index(P<0.05), and reduced E. coli count and increased Lactobacillus count in cecum at 42 days of age compared to the control treatment(P<0.05).These results indicated that dietary supplemented with 0.5 g/kg star anise extract and 1 g/kg earthworm could improve growth performance, antioxidant property and immune function in broilers.
引文
[1]杨凤.动物营养学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999:143-144.
[2]丁晓,杨在宾,姜淑贞,等.八角及其精油和残渣对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育和养分利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):882-889.
[3]王小明,杨在宾,李洪涛.蚯蚓肽对肉鸡生长性能的影响及效益分析[J].家禽科学,2017(9):9-12.
[4]谢大识,吴诚,康映辉,等.蚯蚓提取物对肉鸡免疫功能的影响研究[J].畜禽业,2008(4):8-10.
[5]陈鹏,杨在宾,黄丽波,等.八角和杜仲叶提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清酶活性及肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α分布和表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017(3):874-881.
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[9]汪倬,周骏江,周念波,等.蚯蚓作为新型动物性蛋白饲料的可行性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008(13):5467-5468.
[10]彭椒华.蚯蚓渣营养价值评定及其在肉鸡日粮的应用研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[11]李冬光,施晓丽.蚯蚓抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡生产性能的影响研究[J].饲料工业,2011(12):45-47.
[12]LIN H,DECUYPERE E,BUYSE J.Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2006,144(1):11-17.
[13]MUJAHID A,AKIBA Y,TOYOMIZU M.Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress and decreases adaptation in young white leghorn cockerels by downregulation of avian uncoupling protein[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(2):364-371.
[14]ZHANG G F,YANG Z B,WANG Y,et al.Effects of ginger root(Zingiber officinale)processed to different particle sizes on growth performance,antioxidant status,and serum metabolites of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(10):2159-2166.
[15]PADMASHREE A,ROOPA N,SEMWAL A D,et al.Star-anise(Illicium verum)and black caraway(Carum nigrum)as natural antioxidants[J].Food Chemistry,2007,104:59-66.
[16]ERTAS O N,GULER T,CIFTCI M,et al.The effect of an essential oil mix derived from oregano,clove and anise on broiler performance[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(11):879-884.
[17]朱宇旌,李维,张勇,等.蚯蚓粉对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质代谢及免疫功能的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2010(6):695-700.
[18]CHO J H,KIM H J,KIM I H.Effects of phytogenic feed additive on growth performance,digestibility,blood metabolites,intestinal microbiota,meat color and relative organ weight after oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broilers[J].Livestock Science,2014(160):82-88.
[19]罗绍奎,王德凤,韩黔明,等.蚯蚓作为饲料添加剂在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2013(4):20-21.
[20]赵旭,沈一茹,陈杰,等.不同种类酸化剂对肉鸡肠道发育、消化酶活性以及微生物数量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015(11):3509-3515.
[21]王俐,蔡辉益,刘国华.不同抗生素对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响[J].饲料工业,2002(8):11-13.
[22]除会良,应小强,杨刚.牛至油对肉鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响[J].中兽医学杂志,2005(3):8-10.
[23]陈奇,张根生,邢楠楠,等.八角茴香精油的抗菌活性及在肉类保鲜中的应用研究[J].中国调味品,2007(4):49-51.
[24]郭朝晖,张西玲,谢楠,等.中药作为防腐剂的实验研究(Ⅰ)——4种中药挥发油的体外抑菌作用[J].甘肃中医学院学报,2002(2):16-17.
[25]郑津辉,王景安,宋丽.蚯蚓抗菌肽的抗菌活性及影响因素的研究[J].食品科技,2009(7):188-190.
[26]刘兵.蚯蚓抗菌肽提取纯化及其性质研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2008.
[27]张赟彬,郭媛.三种方法提取八角茴香精油及其抗菌活性研究[J].德州学院学报,2012(2):1-8.
[2]丁晓,杨在宾,姜淑贞,等.八角及其精油和残渣对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育和养分利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):882-889.
[3]王小明,杨在宾,李洪涛.蚯蚓肽对肉鸡生长性能的影响及效益分析[J].家禽科学,2017(9):9-12.
[4]谢大识,吴诚,康映辉,等.蚯蚓提取物对肉鸡免疫功能的影响研究[J].畜禽业,2008(4):8-10.
[5]陈鹏,杨在宾,黄丽波,等.八角和杜仲叶提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清酶活性及肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α分布和表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017(3):874-881.
[6]DING X,YANG C W,YANG Z B.Effects of star anise(Illicium verum Hook.f.),essential oil,and leavings on growth performance,serum,and liver antioxidant status of broiler chickens[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2017,26(4):459-466.
[7]孙振钧.一种蚯蚓抗菌肽的制备方法:CN1360833 A[P].2002-07-31.
[8]AMAD A A,MANNER K,WENDLER K R,et al.Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(12):2811-2816.
[9]汪倬,周骏江,周念波,等.蚯蚓作为新型动物性蛋白饲料的可行性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008(13):5467-5468.
[10]彭椒华.蚯蚓渣营养价值评定及其在肉鸡日粮的应用研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[11]李冬光,施晓丽.蚯蚓抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡生产性能的影响研究[J].饲料工业,2011(12):45-47.
[12]LIN H,DECUYPERE E,BUYSE J.Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2006,144(1):11-17.
[13]MUJAHID A,AKIBA Y,TOYOMIZU M.Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress and decreases adaptation in young white leghorn cockerels by downregulation of avian uncoupling protein[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(2):364-371.
[14]ZHANG G F,YANG Z B,WANG Y,et al.Effects of ginger root(Zingiber officinale)processed to different particle sizes on growth performance,antioxidant status,and serum metabolites of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(10):2159-2166.
[15]PADMASHREE A,ROOPA N,SEMWAL A D,et al.Star-anise(Illicium verum)and black caraway(Carum nigrum)as natural antioxidants[J].Food Chemistry,2007,104:59-66.
[16]ERTAS O N,GULER T,CIFTCI M,et al.The effect of an essential oil mix derived from oregano,clove and anise on broiler performance[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(11):879-884.
[17]朱宇旌,李维,张勇,等.蚯蚓粉对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质代谢及免疫功能的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2010(6):695-700.
[18]CHO J H,KIM H J,KIM I H.Effects of phytogenic feed additive on growth performance,digestibility,blood metabolites,intestinal microbiota,meat color and relative organ weight after oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broilers[J].Livestock Science,2014(160):82-88.
[19]罗绍奎,王德凤,韩黔明,等.蚯蚓作为饲料添加剂在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2013(4):20-21.
[20]赵旭,沈一茹,陈杰,等.不同种类酸化剂对肉鸡肠道发育、消化酶活性以及微生物数量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015(11):3509-3515.
[21]王俐,蔡辉益,刘国华.不同抗生素对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响[J].饲料工业,2002(8):11-13.
[22]除会良,应小强,杨刚.牛至油对肉鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响[J].中兽医学杂志,2005(3):8-10.
[23]陈奇,张根生,邢楠楠,等.八角茴香精油的抗菌活性及在肉类保鲜中的应用研究[J].中国调味品,2007(4):49-51.
[24]郭朝晖,张西玲,谢楠,等.中药作为防腐剂的实验研究(Ⅰ)——4种中药挥发油的体外抑菌作用[J].甘肃中医学院学报,2002(2):16-17.
[25]郑津辉,王景安,宋丽.蚯蚓抗菌肽的抗菌活性及影响因素的研究[J].食品科技,2009(7):188-190.
[26]刘兵.蚯蚓抗菌肽提取纯化及其性质研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2008.
[27]张赟彬,郭媛.三种方法提取八角茴香精油及其抗菌活性研究[J].德州学院学报,2012(2):1-8.