杉木纯林和混交林土壤温室气体通量的差异
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摘要
为了探讨杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata纯林和杉木-阔叶树混交林土壤温室气体通量的差异及其影响因素,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对杉木纯林及3种杉木-阔叶树混交林(杉木-樟树Cinnamomum camphora混交林、杉木-栲树Castanopsis fargesii混交林、杉木-桤木Alnus cremastogyne混交林)的土壤温室气体通量进行了原位观测。结果表明:杉木纯林土壤二氧化碳(CO_2)的排放通量(490.48 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))高于杉木-栲树混交林(254.27 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))和杉木-桤木混交林(331.51 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)),杉木纯林(32.29μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))和杉木-桤木混交林(32.24μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))土壤氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放通量高于杉木-栲树混交林(2.66μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))。在杉木-栲树混交林、杉木-桤木混交林和杉木纯林中,土壤二氧化碳排放通量与土壤温度呈线性相关,杉木人工林土壤氧化亚氮排放通量与土壤硝态氮质量分数和土壤孔隙含水量(WFPS)呈极显著相关。回归分析显示:杉木-栲树混交林、杉木-桤木混交林、杉木纯林的土壤氧化亚氮排放通量与土壤WFPS呈指数增长关系, 4种林分中土壤氧化亚氮排放通量与土壤硝态氮质量分数呈线性关系。森林的树种组成对土壤温室气体排放通量有影响。杉木纯林转换为杉木-阔叶树混交林后,土壤二氧化碳排放通量减少。土壤氧化亚氮排放通量的变化来源于样地土壤硝态氮质量分数的变化。
To investigate the differences in soil CO_2 and N_2O fluxes as well as CO_2 and N_2O flux factors from Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands(CL) and mixed stands of Chinese fir and Cinnamomum camphora(CL-CC),Castanopsis fargesii(CL-CF),and Alnus cremastogyne(CL-AC),CO_2 and N_2O fluxes were quantified with a static chamber-gas chromatography method with 5 replications.Results of one-way ANOVA showed that CO_2 fluxes in CL(490.48 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) were significantly higher(P<0.05) than in CL-CF(254.27 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) and CL-AC stands(331.51 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)),and N_2O fluxes in CL(32.29 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) and CL-AC(32.24 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) were higher(P<0.05) than in CL-CF(2.66 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)).In CL-CF,CL-AC,and CL,a linear relationship was observed between CO_2 and soil temperature.Also nitrate-N and water filled pore space(WFPS) were significantly correlated with soil N_2O flux.In CL-CF,CL-AC,and CL,an exponential relationship was observed between N_2O fluxes and WFPS.A linear relationship was also observed between N_2O and nitrate-N.Forest species composition,usually considered an important factor influencing CO_2 and N_2O fluxes,decreased net CO_2 emissions with conversion from a pure Chinese fir stand to a mixed Chinese fir stand with differences in soil N_2O flux among the stands possibly being attributed to differences in soil NO3-N content.
To investigate the differences in soil CO_2 and N_2O fluxes as well as CO_2 and N_2O flux factors from Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands(CL) and mixed stands of Chinese fir and Cinnamomum camphora(CL-CC),Castanopsis fargesii(CL-CF),and Alnus cremastogyne(CL-AC),CO_2 and N_2O fluxes were quantified with a static chamber-gas chromatography method with 5 replications.Results of one-way ANOVA showed that CO_2 fluxes in CL(490.48 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) were significantly higher(P<0.05) than in CL-CF(254.27 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) and CL-AC stands(331.51 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)),and N_2O fluxes in CL(32.29 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) and CL-AC(32.24 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) were higher(P<0.05) than in CL-CF(2.66 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)).In CL-CF,CL-AC,and CL,a linear relationship was observed between CO_2 and soil temperature.Also nitrate-N and water filled pore space(WFPS) were significantly correlated with soil N_2O flux.In CL-CF,CL-AC,and CL,an exponential relationship was observed between N_2O fluxes and WFPS.A linear relationship was also observed between N_2O and nitrate-N.Forest species composition,usually considered an important factor influencing CO_2 and N_2O fluxes,decreased net CO_2 emissions with conversion from a pure Chinese fir stand to a mixed Chinese fir stand with differences in soil N_2O flux among the stands possibly being attributed to differences in soil NO3-N content.
引文
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[9]王枫,沈月琴,朱臻,等.杉木碳汇的经济学分析:基于浙江省的调查[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(5):762-767.WANG Feng,SHEN Yueqin,ZHU Zhen,et al.Economic analysis of Chinese fir forest carbon sequestration:based on Zhejiang’s survey[J].J Zhejiang A&F Univ,2012,29(5):762-767.
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[11]孙启武,杨承栋,焦如珍.连栽杉木人工林土壤肥力变化的主分量分析[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(6):689-693.SUN Qiwu,YANG Chengdong,JIAO Ruzhen.PCA on the soil degradation of the successive Chinese fir plantation[J].For Res,2003,16(6):689-693.
[12]杨玉盛,何宗明,陈光水,等.杉木多代连栽后土壤肥力变化[J].生态环境学报,2001,10(1):33-38.YANG Yusheng,HE Zhongming,CHEN Guangshui,et al.PCA of soil fertility under different gaps of continuously planting Chinese fir[J].Soil Environ Sci,2001,10(1):33-38.
[13]范少辉,盛炜彤,马祥庆,等.多代连栽对不同发育阶段杉木人工林生产力的影响[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(5):560-567.FAN Shaohui,SHENG Weitong,MA Xiangqing,et al.Effect of successive planting on productivity of Chinese fir of different age plantations[J].For Res,2003,16(5):560-567.
[14]罗云建,张小全.杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)连栽地力退化和杉阔混交林的土壤改良作用[J].生态学报,2007,27(2):715-724.LUO Yunjian,ZHANG Xiaoquan.The assessment of soil degradation in successive rotations of Chinese fir plantation and the soil ameliotation of mixed plantation of Chinese fir and broad-leaved[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(2):715-724.
[15]黄宇,冯宗炜,汪思龙,等.杉木与固氮和非固氮树种混交对林地土壤质量和土壤水化学的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2192-2199.HUANG Yu,FENG Zhongwei,WANG Silong,et al.Effects of Chinese-fir mixing with N-fixing and non-N fixing tree species on forestland quality and forest-floor solution chemistry[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2004,24(10):2192-2199.
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[20]BORKEN W,BEESE F.Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes of soils in pure and mixed stands of European beech and Norway spruce[J].Eur J Soil Sci,2006,57(5):617-625.
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[23]冯建新,高伟民,邓飞,等.亚热带天然常绿阔叶林转变为杉木人工林对土壤微生物呼吸的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2015,10(2):16-24.FENG Jianxin,GAO Weimin,DENG Fei,et al.Effects of the conversion of natural evergreen broadleaved forest into Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantation on soil microbial properties in subtropical China[J].J Subtrop Resour Environ[J].2015,10(2):16-24.
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