无人机航测在风景园林中的应用研究
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摘要
近年来随着民用无人机的普及,无人机开始越来越多地应用于风景园林领域中。但目前大多数应用还停留在基础的航拍层面,对于应用潜力更大的航测层面,在风景园林行业中的应用相对较少,也更鲜为人知,现有研究更多聚焦于具体案例的应用方面,未能对其进行系统的认知和介绍。简要介绍无人机航测与遥感系统的构成及常见传感器类型,通过文献综合、项目实践等方法,系统地整理了国内外无人机航测相关的研究与应用进展,进而总结出无人机航测在风景园林中的应用可分为传统航测、倾斜摄影、多种传感器遥感3个方面。最后指出传统航测发展最为成熟,短时间内推广应用的可能性最大;倾斜摄影效率最高;多种传感器遥感未来开发潜力最大。以期对今后无人机在风景园林中的应用与研究有所启发。
With the popularization of civil UAVs in recent years, UAVs are frequently used in landscape architecture.However, most applications are still based on UAV aerial photography. The use of UAV aerial photogrammetry with greater application potential is relatively rare in the landscape industry and is less well known. Most researches focus on the application of specific cases and fail to systematically recognize and introduce them. This paper briefly introduces the UAV remote sensing system and common sensor types. Through literature synthesis and project practice, it systematically organizes the research and application progress of UAV aerial photogrammetry at home and abroad, then, it is concluded that the application of UAV aerial photogrammetry in landscape architecture can be divided into 3 aspects: traditional aerial photogrammetry, oblique photogrammetry, and various sensor remote sensing. Finally, it is pointed out that the development of traditional aerial photogrammetry is the most mature, the possibility of popularization and application is the largest in a short period of time, the oblique photogrammetry is the most efficient, and the long-term development potential of various sensor remote sensing is the greatest. We look forward to the promising research area of UAV-based landscape architecture.
With the popularization of civil UAVs in recent years, UAVs are frequently used in landscape architecture.However, most applications are still based on UAV aerial photography. The use of UAV aerial photogrammetry with greater application potential is relatively rare in the landscape industry and is less well known. Most researches focus on the application of specific cases and fail to systematically recognize and introduce them. This paper briefly introduces the UAV remote sensing system and common sensor types. Through literature synthesis and project practice, it systematically organizes the research and application progress of UAV aerial photogrammetry at home and abroad, then, it is concluded that the application of UAV aerial photogrammetry in landscape architecture can be divided into 3 aspects: traditional aerial photogrammetry, oblique photogrammetry, and various sensor remote sensing. Finally, it is pointed out that the development of traditional aerial photogrammetry is the most mature, the possibility of popularization and application is the largest in a short period of time, the oblique photogrammetry is the most efficient, and the long-term development potential of various sensor remote sensing is the greatest. We look forward to the promising research area of UAV-based landscape architecture.
引文
[1]蔡凌豪.风景园林数字化规划设计概念谱系与流程图解[J].风景园林,2013(1):48-57.
[2]张东明.测绘基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013.
[3]陈伟.测绘新技术在测绘行业中的应用分析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2012(30):76-76.
[4]SCHWARZ K P,CHAPMAN M A,CANNON M E,et al.An Integrated INS/GPS Approach to the Georeferencing of Remotely Sensed Oata[J].Photogrammatric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1993(11):1667-1674.
[5]董娇娇,王琳.无人机摄影测量及在城市规划中的应用[J].中外建筑,2017(8):103-107.
[6]张志明,徐倩,王彬,等.无人机遥感技术在景观生态学中的应用[J].生态学报,2017(12):4029-4036.
[7]刘昌军,郭良,兰驷东,等.无人机技术综述及在水利行业的应用[J].中国防汛抗旱,2016(3):34-39.
[8]汤明文,戴礼豪,林朝辉,等.无人机在电力线路巡视中的应用[J].中国电力,2013(3):35-38.
[9]ZECHA C W,LINK J,CLAUPEIN W.Mobile Sensor Platforms:Categorisation and Research Applications in Precision Farming[J].Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems,2013(1):51-72.
[10]李德仁,李明.无人机遥感系统的研究进展与应用前景[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014(5):505-513+540.
[11]陈姣.无人机航摄系统测绘大比例尺地形图应用研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.
[12]张颖秋.无人机航空摄影测量在地形图测绘中的应用[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2015(5):59-62.
[13]李军英.基于无人机遥感技术的土地利用现状调查[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[14]ISHIHAMA F,WATABE Y,OGUMA H.Validation of a High-Resolution,Remotely Operated Aerial RemoteSensing System for the Identification of Herbaceous Plant Species[J].Applied Vegetation Science,2012(3):383-389.
[15]GETZIN S,WIEGAND K,SCHNING I.Assessing Biodiversity in Forests Using very High-Resolution Images and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles[J].Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2012(2):397-404.
[16]MORA C,VIEIRA G,PINA P,et al.Christiansen H H.Land Cover Classification Using High-Resolution Aerial Photography in Adventdalen,Svalbard[J].Geografiska Annaler,2015,97(3):473-488.
[17]杨龙,孙中宇,唐光良,等.基于微型无人机遥感的亚热带林冠物种识别[J].热带地理,2016(5):833-839.
[18]ZWEIG C L,BURGESS M A,PERCIVAL H F,et al.Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Delineate Fine-Scale Wetland Vegetation Communities[J].Wetlands,2015(2):303-309.
[19]樊江川.无人机航空摄影测树技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[20]王彬,孙虎,徐倩,等.基于无人3D摄影技术的雪松(Cedrus deodara)群落高度测定[J].生态学报,2018(10):1-9.
[21]陈荻,李卫正,孔文丽,等.基于低空高分辨影像的三维绿量计算方法:以南京林业大学校园为例[J].中国园林,2015(9):22-26.
[22]梁婷,朱京海,徐光,等.应用B-IBI和UAV遥感技术评价辽河上游生态健康[J].环境科学研究,2014(10):1134-1142.
[23]曹琳.基于无人机倾斜摄影测量技术的三维建模及其精度分析[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[24]刘洋.无人机倾斜摄影测量影像处理与三维建模的研究[D].南昌:东华理工大学,2016.
[25]刘杰,李卫正,张青萍,等.基于小型UAV的森林公园正射影像制图分析:以上海滨江森林公园为例[J].西北林学院学报,2016(2):213-218.
[26]舒婷,李卫正,张青萍,等.基于小型无人机的三维实景公园数字建模:以南京羊山森林公园为例[J].建筑与文化,2016(3):120-121.
[27]李加忠,程兴勇,郭湧,等.三维实景模型在景观设计中的应用探索:以金塔公园为例[J].中国园林,2017(10):24-28.
[28]王玮,王浩,李卫正,等.基于小型无人机摄影测量的江南景观水资源综合利用分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018(1):7-14.
[29]张青萍,梁慧琳,李卫正,等.数字化测绘技术在私家园林中的应用研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018(1):1-6.
[30]吴文升.基于小型无人直升机的机载激光雷达数字地形测绘系统与设计与实现[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[31]COLGAN M S,BALDECK C A,FERET J B,et al.Mapping Savanna Tree Species at Ecosystem Scales Using Support Vector Machine Classification and BRDFCorrection on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data[J].Remote Sensing,2012(11):3462-3480.
[32]LIN Y,HYYPPA J,JAAKKOLA A.Mini-UAV-Borne LIDARfor Fine-Scale Mapping[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2011(3):426-430.
[33]WALLACE L,LUCIEER A,WATSON C,et al.Development of a UAV-LiDAR System with Application to Forest Inventory[J].Remote Sensing,2012(6):1519-1543.
[34]何斌,冼丽铧,刘玲,等.基于无人机遥感技术的智慧苗圃数据采集研究[J].广东园林,2017(3):78-81.
[35]曾齐红.机载激光雷达点云数据处理与建筑物三维重建[D].上海:上海大学,2009.
[36]何游云.无人机遥感估测林木地上生物量的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[37]李长春,陈鹏,陆国政,等.基于无人机高清数码影像和高光谱遥感数据反演大豆典型生育期氮平衡指数[J].应用生态学报,2018(4):1-16
[38]田明璐,班松涛,常庆瑞,等.基于低空无人机成像光谱仪影像估算棉花叶面积指数[J].农业工程学报,2016(21):102-108.
[39]NASI R,HONKAVAARA E,LYYTIKAINEN-SAARENMAA P,et al.Using UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Hyperspectral Imaging for Mapping Bark Beetle Damage at Tree-Level[J].Remote Sensing,2015(11):15467-15493.
[40]周在明,杨燕明,陈本清.基于无人机遥感监测滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植被覆盖度[J].应用生态学报,2016(12):3920-3926.
[41]胡根生,张学敏,梁栋,等.基于加权支持向量数据描述的遥感图像病害松树识别[J].农业机械学报,2013(5):258-263+287.
[42]秦占飞,常庆瑞,谢宝妮,等.基于无人机高光谱影像的引黄灌区水稻叶片全氮含量估测[J].农业工程学报,2016(23):77-85.
[43]洪运富,杨海军,李营,等.水源地污染源无人机遥感监测[J].中国环境监测,2015(5):163-166.
[44]NISHAR A,RICHARDS S,BREEN D,et al.Thermal Infrared Imaging of Geothermal Environments and by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV):A Case Study of the Wairakei-Tauhara Geothermal Field,Taupo,New Zealand[J].Renewable Energy,2016(86):1256-1264.
[45]ZARCO-TEJADA P J,GONZáLEZ-DUGO V,BERNI J A J.Fluorescence,Temperature and Narrow-Band Indices Acquired from a UAV Platform for Water Stress Detection Using a MicroHyperspectral Imager and a Thermal Camera[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012(17):322-337.
[46]HOMAINEJAD N,RIZOS C.Application of Multiple Categories of Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS)in Different Airspaces for Bushfire Monitoring and Response[J].International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2015(4):55-60.
[47]杨瑞卿,唐瓴,谈海佳,等.无人机遥感技术在城市树木智慧化管理中的应用[J].中国城市林业,2017(6):29-32.
[48]陈淼新,袁树才,孙雨.无人机航空摄影测量在土方平衡中的应用[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017(12):177-179+182.
(1)图1由济南赛尔无人机科技有限公司(Share UAVTechnology Co.,Ltd.)提供;图2、4、5由作者自绘;图3引自Skyhawkvision官网;图6由中国科学院遥感应用研究所提供。
(2)表1由作者自制。
[2]张东明.测绘基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013.
[3]陈伟.测绘新技术在测绘行业中的应用分析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2012(30):76-76.
[4]SCHWARZ K P,CHAPMAN M A,CANNON M E,et al.An Integrated INS/GPS Approach to the Georeferencing of Remotely Sensed Oata[J].Photogrammatric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1993(11):1667-1674.
[5]董娇娇,王琳.无人机摄影测量及在城市规划中的应用[J].中外建筑,2017(8):103-107.
[6]张志明,徐倩,王彬,等.无人机遥感技术在景观生态学中的应用[J].生态学报,2017(12):4029-4036.
[7]刘昌军,郭良,兰驷东,等.无人机技术综述及在水利行业的应用[J].中国防汛抗旱,2016(3):34-39.
[8]汤明文,戴礼豪,林朝辉,等.无人机在电力线路巡视中的应用[J].中国电力,2013(3):35-38.
[9]ZECHA C W,LINK J,CLAUPEIN W.Mobile Sensor Platforms:Categorisation and Research Applications in Precision Farming[J].Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems,2013(1):51-72.
[10]李德仁,李明.无人机遥感系统的研究进展与应用前景[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014(5):505-513+540.
[11]陈姣.无人机航摄系统测绘大比例尺地形图应用研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.
[12]张颖秋.无人机航空摄影测量在地形图测绘中的应用[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2015(5):59-62.
[13]李军英.基于无人机遥感技术的土地利用现状调查[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[14]ISHIHAMA F,WATABE Y,OGUMA H.Validation of a High-Resolution,Remotely Operated Aerial RemoteSensing System for the Identification of Herbaceous Plant Species[J].Applied Vegetation Science,2012(3):383-389.
[15]GETZIN S,WIEGAND K,SCHNING I.Assessing Biodiversity in Forests Using very High-Resolution Images and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles[J].Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2012(2):397-404.
[16]MORA C,VIEIRA G,PINA P,et al.Christiansen H H.Land Cover Classification Using High-Resolution Aerial Photography in Adventdalen,Svalbard[J].Geografiska Annaler,2015,97(3):473-488.
[17]杨龙,孙中宇,唐光良,等.基于微型无人机遥感的亚热带林冠物种识别[J].热带地理,2016(5):833-839.
[18]ZWEIG C L,BURGESS M A,PERCIVAL H F,et al.Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Delineate Fine-Scale Wetland Vegetation Communities[J].Wetlands,2015(2):303-309.
[19]樊江川.无人机航空摄影测树技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[20]王彬,孙虎,徐倩,等.基于无人3D摄影技术的雪松(Cedrus deodara)群落高度测定[J].生态学报,2018(10):1-9.
[21]陈荻,李卫正,孔文丽,等.基于低空高分辨影像的三维绿量计算方法:以南京林业大学校园为例[J].中国园林,2015(9):22-26.
[22]梁婷,朱京海,徐光,等.应用B-IBI和UAV遥感技术评价辽河上游生态健康[J].环境科学研究,2014(10):1134-1142.
[23]曹琳.基于无人机倾斜摄影测量技术的三维建模及其精度分析[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[24]刘洋.无人机倾斜摄影测量影像处理与三维建模的研究[D].南昌:东华理工大学,2016.
[25]刘杰,李卫正,张青萍,等.基于小型UAV的森林公园正射影像制图分析:以上海滨江森林公园为例[J].西北林学院学报,2016(2):213-218.
[26]舒婷,李卫正,张青萍,等.基于小型无人机的三维实景公园数字建模:以南京羊山森林公园为例[J].建筑与文化,2016(3):120-121.
[27]李加忠,程兴勇,郭湧,等.三维实景模型在景观设计中的应用探索:以金塔公园为例[J].中国园林,2017(10):24-28.
[28]王玮,王浩,李卫正,等.基于小型无人机摄影测量的江南景观水资源综合利用分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018(1):7-14.
[29]张青萍,梁慧琳,李卫正,等.数字化测绘技术在私家园林中的应用研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018(1):1-6.
[30]吴文升.基于小型无人直升机的机载激光雷达数字地形测绘系统与设计与实现[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[31]COLGAN M S,BALDECK C A,FERET J B,et al.Mapping Savanna Tree Species at Ecosystem Scales Using Support Vector Machine Classification and BRDFCorrection on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data[J].Remote Sensing,2012(11):3462-3480.
[32]LIN Y,HYYPPA J,JAAKKOLA A.Mini-UAV-Borne LIDARfor Fine-Scale Mapping[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2011(3):426-430.
[33]WALLACE L,LUCIEER A,WATSON C,et al.Development of a UAV-LiDAR System with Application to Forest Inventory[J].Remote Sensing,2012(6):1519-1543.
[34]何斌,冼丽铧,刘玲,等.基于无人机遥感技术的智慧苗圃数据采集研究[J].广东园林,2017(3):78-81.
[35]曾齐红.机载激光雷达点云数据处理与建筑物三维重建[D].上海:上海大学,2009.
[36]何游云.无人机遥感估测林木地上生物量的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[37]李长春,陈鹏,陆国政,等.基于无人机高清数码影像和高光谱遥感数据反演大豆典型生育期氮平衡指数[J].应用生态学报,2018(4):1-16
[38]田明璐,班松涛,常庆瑞,等.基于低空无人机成像光谱仪影像估算棉花叶面积指数[J].农业工程学报,2016(21):102-108.
[39]NASI R,HONKAVAARA E,LYYTIKAINEN-SAARENMAA P,et al.Using UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Hyperspectral Imaging for Mapping Bark Beetle Damage at Tree-Level[J].Remote Sensing,2015(11):15467-15493.
[40]周在明,杨燕明,陈本清.基于无人机遥感监测滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植被覆盖度[J].应用生态学报,2016(12):3920-3926.
[41]胡根生,张学敏,梁栋,等.基于加权支持向量数据描述的遥感图像病害松树识别[J].农业机械学报,2013(5):258-263+287.
[42]秦占飞,常庆瑞,谢宝妮,等.基于无人机高光谱影像的引黄灌区水稻叶片全氮含量估测[J].农业工程学报,2016(23):77-85.
[43]洪运富,杨海军,李营,等.水源地污染源无人机遥感监测[J].中国环境监测,2015(5):163-166.
[44]NISHAR A,RICHARDS S,BREEN D,et al.Thermal Infrared Imaging of Geothermal Environments and by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV):A Case Study of the Wairakei-Tauhara Geothermal Field,Taupo,New Zealand[J].Renewable Energy,2016(86):1256-1264.
[45]ZARCO-TEJADA P J,GONZáLEZ-DUGO V,BERNI J A J.Fluorescence,Temperature and Narrow-Band Indices Acquired from a UAV Platform for Water Stress Detection Using a MicroHyperspectral Imager and a Thermal Camera[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012(17):322-337.
[46]HOMAINEJAD N,RIZOS C.Application of Multiple Categories of Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS)in Different Airspaces for Bushfire Monitoring and Response[J].International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2015(4):55-60.
[47]杨瑞卿,唐瓴,谈海佳,等.无人机遥感技术在城市树木智慧化管理中的应用[J].中国城市林业,2017(6):29-32.
[48]陈淼新,袁树才,孙雨.无人机航空摄影测量在土方平衡中的应用[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017(12):177-179+182.
(1)图1由济南赛尔无人机科技有限公司(Share UAVTechnology Co.,Ltd.)提供;图2、4、5由作者自绘;图3引自Skyhawkvision官网;图6由中国科学院遥感应用研究所提供。
(2)表1由作者自制。