柴达木盆地盐碱地黄花草木樨引种适应性评价
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摘要
在青海省海西州德令哈市尕海镇盐碱地上通过对黄花草木樨进行了引种栽培试验,结果表明:黄花草木樨在该地区长势良好,种植第2年能完成整个生育期,全生育期天数132d,覆膜种植出苗率和越冬率均较高,分别为75.0%和90.0%。种植当年长势稀疏,盖度只有60.0%,第2年可达95.0%。种植当年生长缓慢,8月中旬平均株高只有26.8cm,第2年株高可达245.3cm。地上植物量种植当年较低,为187.4 kg/hm~2,第2年大幅度增加,8月中旬可达14048.7kg/hm~2。黄花草木樨表现出了较强的抗旱、耐寒、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、适应性强的特点,是适合柴达木盆地中、轻度盐碱地改良与重建的优良草种。该地区黄花草木樨人工草地种植的最佳农艺措施是:翻耕→冬灌→翻耕→耙磨→施肥→播种(覆膜播种机一次性完成覆膜、播种和覆土)→冬灌。
This paper studied the introduction and cultivation of Melilotus officinalis in the salt-alkali land of Gahai town, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai province. The results showed that Melilotus officinalis grew well in this area, and could complete the whole growth period with 132 days in the second year. The seedling rate and overwintering rate of mulch planting were both higher, which were 75.0% and 90.0% respectively. In the first planting year, the coverage was only 60.0%, and 95.0% in the second planting year. In the first planting year, grow slowly in mid-august, average plant height was only 26.8 cm, but in second planting year, height can reach 245.3 cm. The amount of aboveground plants planted in the first year was relatively low, 187.4 kg/hm~2, which increased significantly in the second year and reached 14048.7 kg/hm~2 in the middle of August. Melilotus officinalis presented strong characteristics of drought resistance, cold tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, barren tolerance and strong adaptability, and was suitable for planting for improvement and reconstruction of moderate saline-alkali land in Qaidam basin. In this area, the best agronomic measures of Melilotus officinalis in artificial grassland planting are: ploughing, winter irrigation, ploughing, raking and grinding, fertilization, sowing(the mulch seeder completes the mulch, seeding and covering soil at one time), winter irrigation.
This paper studied the introduction and cultivation of Melilotus officinalis in the salt-alkali land of Gahai town, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai province. The results showed that Melilotus officinalis grew well in this area, and could complete the whole growth period with 132 days in the second year. The seedling rate and overwintering rate of mulch planting were both higher, which were 75.0% and 90.0% respectively. In the first planting year, the coverage was only 60.0%, and 95.0% in the second planting year. In the first planting year, grow slowly in mid-august, average plant height was only 26.8 cm, but in second planting year, height can reach 245.3 cm. The amount of aboveground plants planted in the first year was relatively low, 187.4 kg/hm~2, which increased significantly in the second year and reached 14048.7 kg/hm~2 in the middle of August. Melilotus officinalis presented strong characteristics of drought resistance, cold tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, barren tolerance and strong adaptability, and was suitable for planting for improvement and reconstruction of moderate saline-alkali land in Qaidam basin. In this area, the best agronomic measures of Melilotus officinalis in artificial grassland planting are: ploughing, winter irrigation, ploughing, raking and grinding, fertilization, sowing(the mulch seeder completes the mulch, seeding and covering soil at one time), winter irrigation.
引文
[1]刘尚武.青海植物志(第2卷) [M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1999:187-222.
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[4]王彦龙,李世雄,盛丽,等.柴达木盆地中、轻度盐碱地燕麦引种试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(1):12-17.
[5]王彦龙,李世雄,王晓丽.柴达木盆地盐碱地苜蓿引种适应性评价[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(2):19-23.
[6]晁菊芳,王彦龙,李世雄,等.柴达木盆地盐碱地同德小花碱茅引种适应性评价[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(3):9-11.
[7]李松阳,马玉寿, 李世雄,等.不同播种方法对中苜1号紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响 [J].青海大学学报,2017,35(3):9-13.
[8]王彦龙,杨晓霞,王晓丽,等.柴达木盆地紫花苜蓿人工草地对盐碱地土壤的影响 [J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(5):6-10.
[2]黎立群,王遵亲.盐渍类型及盐渍地球化学特征[J].土壤学报, 1990,27(1):43-53.
[3]青海农业资源区划办公室编著.青海土壤[M] .北京:农业出版社, 1997:371.
[4]王彦龙,李世雄,盛丽,等.柴达木盆地中、轻度盐碱地燕麦引种试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(1):12-17.
[5]王彦龙,李世雄,王晓丽.柴达木盆地盐碱地苜蓿引种适应性评价[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(2):19-23.
[6]晁菊芳,王彦龙,李世雄,等.柴达木盆地盐碱地同德小花碱茅引种适应性评价[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(3):9-11.
[7]李松阳,马玉寿, 李世雄,等.不同播种方法对中苜1号紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响 [J].青海大学学报,2017,35(3):9-13.
[8]王彦龙,杨晓霞,王晓丽,等.柴达木盆地紫花苜蓿人工草地对盐碱地土壤的影响 [J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(5):6-10.