地方政府社会保障绩效对公民满意度的影响研究——基于CSS2015的实证分析
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摘要
借助CSS2015年度的全国调查数据,运用多层线性回归模型,考察地方政府社会保障对公民满意度的影响。研究表明,我国公民社会保障满意度反映出公民个体特征、地区等差异,同时也受到地方政府社会保障客观绩效的影响。然而,只有宏观社会保障绩效真正转化为具体的个体福利水平的情况下,其对公民满意度的影响才能发挥作用。因此,地方政府应以公民为导向,精准评估公民的切实需求、精准规划社会保障政策的实施方式和精准评估公民的满意度。同时,将公民满意度指标纳入地方政府社会保障绩效评价时应充分考虑其复杂性,要科学运用与解读公民满意度评价方法及其结果。
With the help of CSS2015 national survey data and multi-level linear regression model,this paper examines the local governments' social security citizen satisfaction and its impact mechanism.The research shows that the satisfaction degree of social security reflects the individual characteristics and regional differences of citizens,and is also affected by the objective performance of social security of local governments.However,only when the macro-social security performance is truly transformed into the specific level of individual welfare,can its impact on citizen satisfaction play a role.Therefore,local governments should be citizen-oriented,accurately assess the actual needs of citizens,accurately plan the implementation of social security policies and accurately assess the satisfaction of citizens.At the same time,when incorporating the index of citizen satisfaction into the performance evaluation of local government social security,we should fully consider its complexity and scientifically apply and interpret the evaluation method of citizen satisfaction and its results.
With the help of CSS2015 national survey data and multi-level linear regression model,this paper examines the local governments' social security citizen satisfaction and its impact mechanism.The research shows that the satisfaction degree of social security reflects the individual characteristics and regional differences of citizens,and is also affected by the objective performance of social security of local governments.However,only when the macro-social security performance is truly transformed into the specific level of individual welfare,can its impact on citizen satisfaction play a role.Therefore,local governments should be citizen-oriented,accurately assess the actual needs of citizens,accurately plan the implementation of social security policies and accurately assess the satisfaction of citizens.At the same time,when incorporating the index of citizen satisfaction into the performance evaluation of local government social security,we should fully consider its complexity and scientifically apply and interpret the evaluation method of citizen satisfaction and its results.
引文
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[2]李克强.用第三方评估促进政府管理方式改革创新[EB/OL].(2014-08-27)[2019-01-10].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-08/27/content_2741169.htm.
[3]杨永恒.政府绩效评价中的公众参与:述评、实践与启示[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2008(3):23-28.
[4]BOYNE G A.Sources of public service improvement:a critical review and research agenda[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2003(3):367-394.
[5]HILL C J,LYNN L E.Is hierarchical governance in decline?Evidence from empirical research[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2004(2):173-195.
[6]PARKS R B.Linking objective and subjective measures of performance[J].Public Administration Review,1984(2):118-127.
[7]BRUDNEY J L,ENGLAND R E.Urban policy making and subjective service evaluations:are they compatible?[J].Public Administration Review,1982(2):127-135.
[8]奥斯本,盖布勒.改革政府:企业家精神如何改革着公共部门[M].周敦仁,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2006:119-140.
[9]STIPAK B.Are there sensible ways to analyze and use subjective indicators of urban service quality?[J].Social Indicators Research,1979(4):421-438.
[10]BROWN K,COULTER P B.Subjective and objective measures of police service delivery[J].Public Administration Review,1983(1):50-58.
[11]LINEBERRY R L.Equality and urban policy:the distribution of municipal services[M].Beverly Hills,CA:Sage Publications,1977:99-103.
[12]IM T,LEE S J.Does management performance impact citizen satisfaction?[J].American Review of Public Administration,2012(4):419-436.
[13]VAN RYZIN G,GREGG G,CHARBONNEAU E.Public service use and perceived performance:an empirical note on the nature of the relationship[J].Public Administration,2010(2):551-563.
[14]REISIG M,PARKS R B.Experience,quality of life,and neighborhood context:a hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police[J].Justice Quarterly,2000(3):607-630.
[15]STAVRAKIS C.The role of social security schemes in mitigating poverty in old age[C]//ISSA.International Conference of Social Security Actuaries and Statisticians“Eliminating poverty in old age:is social security the answer”,Berlin:[s.n.],2012.
[16]朱庆芳.我国社会保障指标体系综合评价[J].社会学研究,1995(4):118-122.
[17]林毓铭.社会保障政府绩效与评估指标体系[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007(1):115-119.
[18]曹信邦.政府社会保障绩效评估指标体系研究[J].中国行政管理,2006(7):30-34.
[19]纪江明.中心城市社会保障公众满意度及其影响因素研究:基于“2012新加坡连氏中国城市公共服务质量调查”的实证分析[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2015(3):76-83.
[20]徐强,张开云.我国社会保障制度的公众满意度研究[J].经济管理,2015(11):156-164.
[21]李胜会,熊璨.社会保障财政支出:城乡效率差异及原因[J].公共管理学报,2016(3):135-146.
[22]FELDSTAIN A,WOLTMAN H,MACKAY J C,et al.An introduction to hierarchical linear modeling[J].Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology,2012(1):62-69.
[23]WONG C K,WONG K Y,MOK B H.Subjective well-being,societal condition and social policy:the case study of a rich Chinese society[J].Social Indicators Research,2006(3):405-428.
[24]陈世香,谢秋山.居民个体生活水平变化与地方公共服务满意度[J].中国人口科学,2014(1):76-84.
[25]张微宇,乐章.新农合政策效果评价及其解释---基于2014年农户调查数据实证分析[J].西北人口,2015(3):81-85.
[26]徐月宾,张秀兰.我国城乡最低生活保障制度若干问题探讨[J].东岳论丛,2009(2):32-37.
[27]民政部:全国低保错保率约为4%[EB/OL].(2013-02-25)[2019-01-10].http://politics.gmw.cn/2013-02/25/content_6799320.htm.
(1)CSS2015的调查覆盖了全国30个省/自治区、直辖市(除新疆、香港、澳门、台湾外),涉及151个区(市、县)、604个村/居委会,共收集10 243份有效问卷。虽然部分变量有缺失样本,但整体仍然具有较强的代表性。
[2]李克强.用第三方评估促进政府管理方式改革创新[EB/OL].(2014-08-27)[2019-01-10].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-08/27/content_2741169.htm.
[3]杨永恒.政府绩效评价中的公众参与:述评、实践与启示[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2008(3):23-28.
[4]BOYNE G A.Sources of public service improvement:a critical review and research agenda[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2003(3):367-394.
[5]HILL C J,LYNN L E.Is hierarchical governance in decline?Evidence from empirical research[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2004(2):173-195.
[6]PARKS R B.Linking objective and subjective measures of performance[J].Public Administration Review,1984(2):118-127.
[7]BRUDNEY J L,ENGLAND R E.Urban policy making and subjective service evaluations:are they compatible?[J].Public Administration Review,1982(2):127-135.
[8]奥斯本,盖布勒.改革政府:企业家精神如何改革着公共部门[M].周敦仁,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2006:119-140.
[9]STIPAK B.Are there sensible ways to analyze and use subjective indicators of urban service quality?[J].Social Indicators Research,1979(4):421-438.
[10]BROWN K,COULTER P B.Subjective and objective measures of police service delivery[J].Public Administration Review,1983(1):50-58.
[11]LINEBERRY R L.Equality and urban policy:the distribution of municipal services[M].Beverly Hills,CA:Sage Publications,1977:99-103.
[12]IM T,LEE S J.Does management performance impact citizen satisfaction?[J].American Review of Public Administration,2012(4):419-436.
[13]VAN RYZIN G,GREGG G,CHARBONNEAU E.Public service use and perceived performance:an empirical note on the nature of the relationship[J].Public Administration,2010(2):551-563.
[14]REISIG M,PARKS R B.Experience,quality of life,and neighborhood context:a hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police[J].Justice Quarterly,2000(3):607-630.
[15]STAVRAKIS C.The role of social security schemes in mitigating poverty in old age[C]//ISSA.International Conference of Social Security Actuaries and Statisticians“Eliminating poverty in old age:is social security the answer”,Berlin:[s.n.],2012.
[16]朱庆芳.我国社会保障指标体系综合评价[J].社会学研究,1995(4):118-122.
[17]林毓铭.社会保障政府绩效与评估指标体系[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007(1):115-119.
[18]曹信邦.政府社会保障绩效评估指标体系研究[J].中国行政管理,2006(7):30-34.
[19]纪江明.中心城市社会保障公众满意度及其影响因素研究:基于“2012新加坡连氏中国城市公共服务质量调查”的实证分析[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2015(3):76-83.
[20]徐强,张开云.我国社会保障制度的公众满意度研究[J].经济管理,2015(11):156-164.
[21]李胜会,熊璨.社会保障财政支出:城乡效率差异及原因[J].公共管理学报,2016(3):135-146.
[22]FELDSTAIN A,WOLTMAN H,MACKAY J C,et al.An introduction to hierarchical linear modeling[J].Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology,2012(1):62-69.
[23]WONG C K,WONG K Y,MOK B H.Subjective well-being,societal condition and social policy:the case study of a rich Chinese society[J].Social Indicators Research,2006(3):405-428.
[24]陈世香,谢秋山.居民个体生活水平变化与地方公共服务满意度[J].中国人口科学,2014(1):76-84.
[25]张微宇,乐章.新农合政策效果评价及其解释---基于2014年农户调查数据实证分析[J].西北人口,2015(3):81-85.
[26]徐月宾,张秀兰.我国城乡最低生活保障制度若干问题探讨[J].东岳论丛,2009(2):32-37.
[27]民政部:全国低保错保率约为4%[EB/OL].(2013-02-25)[2019-01-10].http://politics.gmw.cn/2013-02/25/content_6799320.htm.
(1)CSS2015的调查覆盖了全国30个省/自治区、直辖市(除新疆、香港、澳门、台湾外),涉及151个区(市、县)、604个村/居委会,共收集10 243份有效问卷。虽然部分变量有缺失样本,但整体仍然具有较强的代表性。