海洋沉积物重金属生态风险评价方法比较及实例验证——以莱州湾为例
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摘要
利用2016年8月份莱州湾沉积物中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr、Zn监测数据,分别利用单因子污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、地积累指数法、沉积物质量基准法、尼梅罗综合指数法、污染负荷指数法等6种沉积物重金属风险评价方法进行评价,以比较沉积物重金属生态风险评估方法的适用性与局限性。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物中,重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr和Zn含量分别为0.077 4 mg/kg、0.169 mg/kg、12.1 mg/kg、11.9 mg/kg、11.6 mg/kg、31.1 mg/kg、45.3 mg/kg。不同方法在莱州湾沉积物风险评价结果上存在差异。单因素评价方法中,单因子污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、尼梅罗综合指数法的评价结果适中,地累积指数法评价结果偏轻,沉积物质量基准法评价结果偏重。Hg、As、Cd元素的污染评价结果均较大,为主要的污染元素;综合因素评价方法中,污染负荷指数法评价结果风险偏轻,潜在生态危害指数法评价结果适中,内梅罗综合指数法评价结果则倾向偏重。沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的丰度、生物量的pearson相关系数表明,Hg与底栖生物的生物量呈现显著负相关。6种方法都有自身优缺点和适用范围,但潜在生态危害指数法更适合莱州湾沉积物重金属风险评价。
With field observation data of seven elements(heavy metals Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and metalloid As) in surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay during August 2016, their ecological risks were assessed by single factor index method,potential ecological risk index method, geoaccuatio index method, sediment quality datum standard method, Nemerow index method, and pollution load index method in the present study. Results show that the average concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu,As, Cr and Zn were 0.077 4, 0.169, 12.1, 11.9, 11.6, 31.1 and 45.3 mg/kg, respectively. The results of ecological risk assessment are different with different methods. Among the single factor evaluation methods, the results of ecological risk were moderate by single factor index method, potential ecological risk index method and Nemerow index method, while geoaccuatio index was low andpollution load index was relatively high. The results of Hg, As and Cd were all large, which were the main pollution elements. In the comprehensive factor evaluation methods,the result of ecological risk was relatively low by pollution load index, while potential ecological risk index was moderate and Nemerow index was relatively high.Pearson correlation coefficient(r) between heavy metal concentration and benthos abundance, biomass showed that concentration of Hg was negatively correlated with benthos biomass. Each method had its own advantages and disadvantages and scope, but the potential ecologicalrisk index was more suitable for risk assessment of heavy metals in the Laizhou Bay.
With field observation data of seven elements(heavy metals Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and metalloid As) in surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay during August 2016, their ecological risks were assessed by single factor index method,potential ecological risk index method, geoaccuatio index method, sediment quality datum standard method, Nemerow index method, and pollution load index method in the present study. Results show that the average concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu,As, Cr and Zn were 0.077 4, 0.169, 12.1, 11.9, 11.6, 31.1 and 45.3 mg/kg, respectively. The results of ecological risk assessment are different with different methods. Among the single factor evaluation methods, the results of ecological risk were moderate by single factor index method, potential ecological risk index method and Nemerow index method, while geoaccuatio index was low andpollution load index was relatively high. The results of Hg, As and Cd were all large, which were the main pollution elements. In the comprehensive factor evaluation methods,the result of ecological risk was relatively low by pollution load index, while potential ecological risk index was moderate and Nemerow index was relatively high.Pearson correlation coefficient(r) between heavy metal concentration and benthos abundance, biomass showed that concentration of Hg was negatively correlated with benthos biomass. Each method had its own advantages and disadvantages and scope, but the potential ecologicalrisk index was more suitable for risk assessment of heavy metals in the Laizhou Bay.
引文
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Forstner U,Ahlf W Calmanow,1993.Sediment quality objectives and criteria development in Germany.Water Science Technology,28(8):307.
Hakanson L,1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach.Water Research,14(8):975-1 001.
Long E D,Field L J,Macdonald D D,1998.Predicting toxicity marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,17(4):714-727.
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Muller G,1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River.Geo Journal,2(3):108-118.
Smith S L,Mac Donald D D,Keenleyside K A,et al,1996.Apreliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment valuesfor freshwater ecosystems.Journal Great Lakes Research,22:624-628.
丁喜桂,叶思源,高宗军,2005.近海沉积物重金属污染评价方法.海洋地质动态,21(8):31-36.
冯慕华,龙江平,喻龙,等,2003.辽东湾东部浅水区沉积物中重金属潜在生态评价.海洋科学,27(3):52-56.
高健磊,王静,2013.两种河道底泥重金属污染生态危害评价方法比较研究研究环境工程,31(2):119-121.
高瑞英,2012.土壤重金属污染环境风险评价方法研究进展.科技管理研究,(8):45-50.
郭曙林,王荔娟,2015.沉积物重金属污染生态风险评价方法比较研究.广东化工,42(16):158-159.
国家海洋局,2013.海洋监测技术规程(HY/T 147-2013).北京:中国标准出版社.
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2002.海洋沉积物质量(GB18668-2002).北京:中国标准出版社.
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2007.海洋监测规范(GB17378-2007).北京:中国标准出版社.
胡宁静,石学法,刘季花,等,2011.莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属分布特征和环境影响.海洋科学进展,29(1):63-72.
金艳,何德文,柴立元,等,2007.重金属污染评价研究进展.有色金属,59(2):100-104.
李庚飞,2012.土壤重金属不同污染评价方法比较:以潼关县金矿排水沟为例.贵州农业科学,40(8):222-225.
李庆召,曾朝辉,李春光,2011.近岸海域沉积物重金属生态风险评价模型对比研究.长江流域资源与环境,20(12):1 514-1 519.
刘金虎,宋骏杰,曹亮,等,2015.莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属时空分布、污染来源及风险评价.生态毒理学报,10(2):369-381.
陆书玉,2002.环境影响评价.北京:高等教育出版社,163-164.
牛燕霞,杨柳,张洪,等,2014.子牙河干流沉积物重金属分布特征和风险评价.安全与环境学报,14(1):253-257.
韦彩嫩,牛红义,吴群河,等,2011.珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物中重金属的粒度效应.环境科学与管理,36(10):53-46.
徐艳东,魏潇,夏斌,等,2015.莱州湾东部海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价.海洋科学进展,33(4):520-528.
徐争启,倪师军,张成江,等,2004.应用污染负荷指数法评价攀枝花地区金沙江水系沉积物中的重金属.四川环境,23(3):64-67.
许桂苹,王晓飞,付洁,2014.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究综述.农村经济与科技,25(1):71-74.
许艳,王秋璐,李潇,等,2017.环渤海典型海湾沉积物重金属环境特征与污染评价.海洋科学进展,35(3):428-438.
张鑫,周涛发,杨西飞,等,2005.河流沉积物重金属污染评价方法比较研究.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),28(11):1 419-1 423.
郑懿珉,高茂生,刘森,等,2015.莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态环境评价.海洋环境科学,34(3):354-360.
Forstner U,Ahlf W Calmanow,1993.Sediment quality objectives and criteria development in Germany.Water Science Technology,28(8):307.
Hakanson L,1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach.Water Research,14(8):975-1 001.
Long E D,Field L J,Macdonald D D,1998.Predicting toxicity marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,17(4):714-727.
Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al,1995.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments.Environmental management,19(1):81-97.
Muller G,1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River.Geo Journal,2(3):108-118.
Smith S L,Mac Donald D D,Keenleyside K A,et al,1996.Apreliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment valuesfor freshwater ecosystems.Journal Great Lakes Research,22:624-628.
丁喜桂,叶思源,高宗军,2005.近海沉积物重金属污染评价方法.海洋地质动态,21(8):31-36.
冯慕华,龙江平,喻龙,等,2003.辽东湾东部浅水区沉积物中重金属潜在生态评价.海洋科学,27(3):52-56.
高健磊,王静,2013.两种河道底泥重金属污染生态危害评价方法比较研究研究环境工程,31(2):119-121.
高瑞英,2012.土壤重金属污染环境风险评价方法研究进展.科技管理研究,(8):45-50.
郭曙林,王荔娟,2015.沉积物重金属污染生态风险评价方法比较研究.广东化工,42(16):158-159.
国家海洋局,2013.海洋监测技术规程(HY/T 147-2013).北京:中国标准出版社.
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2002.海洋沉积物质量(GB18668-2002).北京:中国标准出版社.
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2007.海洋监测规范(GB17378-2007).北京:中国标准出版社.
胡宁静,石学法,刘季花,等,2011.莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属分布特征和环境影响.海洋科学进展,29(1):63-72.
金艳,何德文,柴立元,等,2007.重金属污染评价研究进展.有色金属,59(2):100-104.
李庚飞,2012.土壤重金属不同污染评价方法比较:以潼关县金矿排水沟为例.贵州农业科学,40(8):222-225.
李庆召,曾朝辉,李春光,2011.近岸海域沉积物重金属生态风险评价模型对比研究.长江流域资源与环境,20(12):1 514-1 519.
刘金虎,宋骏杰,曹亮,等,2015.莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属时空分布、污染来源及风险评价.生态毒理学报,10(2):369-381.
陆书玉,2002.环境影响评价.北京:高等教育出版社,163-164.
牛燕霞,杨柳,张洪,等,2014.子牙河干流沉积物重金属分布特征和风险评价.安全与环境学报,14(1):253-257.
韦彩嫩,牛红义,吴群河,等,2011.珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物中重金属的粒度效应.环境科学与管理,36(10):53-46.
徐艳东,魏潇,夏斌,等,2015.莱州湾东部海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价.海洋科学进展,33(4):520-528.
徐争启,倪师军,张成江,等,2004.应用污染负荷指数法评价攀枝花地区金沙江水系沉积物中的重金属.四川环境,23(3):64-67.
许桂苹,王晓飞,付洁,2014.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究综述.农村经济与科技,25(1):71-74.
许艳,王秋璐,李潇,等,2017.环渤海典型海湾沉积物重金属环境特征与污染评价.海洋科学进展,35(3):428-438.
张鑫,周涛发,杨西飞,等,2005.河流沉积物重金属污染评价方法比较研究.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),28(11):1 419-1 423.
郑懿珉,高茂生,刘森,等,2015.莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态环境评价.海洋环境科学,34(3):354-360.