不锈钢表面真空钎涂金属陶瓷复合材料的性能研究
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摘要
锌锅沉没辊是热浸镀锌设备中一种重要零件,我国锌锅沉没辊的辊轴与辊套需要从国外进口,不仅价格昂贵而且磨损严重,平均一周就需要更换一次,导致轧制的成本很高。所以锌锅沉没辊辊轴与辊套的耐磨性是一个越来越受到高度重视的问题。笔者旨在通过在316L不锈钢表面制备耐磨陶瓷涂层来缓解锌锅沉没辊的辊轴与辊套过于严重的磨损,以此延长锌锅沉没辊的辊轴与辊套的使用寿命,提高生产效率。通常用表面合金化、表面形变强化、表面涂层强化等方法来提高材料耐磨性。笔者借助钎涂原理,分别以氧化铝和碳化钨作为陶瓷增强相材料,Ni82CrSiB合金为钎料,利用真空钎涂的方法制作出较为耐磨的陶瓷涂层,从而达到提高不锈钢表面耐磨性的要求。试验结果表明:氧化铝与钎料的润湿效果不够理想,在涂层中没能发现氧化铝相,即以氧化铝作为陶瓷增强相材料无法达到预期目标;而碳化钨颗粒在涂层中分布较均匀,涂层表面光滑,有金属光泽,并且与不锈钢表面冶金结合良好,硬度达到了不锈钢基体的6倍以上,有望大幅提高材料的耐磨性能。
The zinc pot sink roll is one of the important parts of hot dip galvanizing equipments.The bush of zinc pot sink rolls needs to be imported from abroad,and it is not only expensive but also badly worn.,it needs to be replaced once per week,and that would lead to the high cost of rolling.Therefore,the wear resistance of the zinc pot sink roller bearing is a question with more and more attention.This design is in order to prepare the surface of 316 Lstainless steel wear-resistant ceramic coating to solve the zinc pot sink roll shaft and insert wear too serious problem to extend the life of the equipment and The main methods of improving the wear resistance for material are surface strain hardening,surface alloying,surface coating strengthened and so on.In this design,we use the braze coating principle,and make the Al_2O_3 and WC as ceramic reinforcement materials,Ni82CrSiB as the brazing.The method of using the vacuum braze coating to produce more wearresistant ceramic coating,so as to improve wear resistance of the stainless steel surface requirements.The results showed that:The wetting effect of Al_2O_3 and brazing filler is not satisfactory,and we could not find alumina phase in the coating,that is to say,Al_2O_3 as the ceramic reinforcement materials can not achieve the desired goal.However,WC particles in the coating are distributed more evenly.The coating surface is smooth,with a metallic luster,and it is a good metallurgical bond with the stainless steel surface.Its hardness is more than 6 times the stainless steel substrate,and it can be required to improve the wear resistance.
The zinc pot sink roll is one of the important parts of hot dip galvanizing equipments.The bush of zinc pot sink rolls needs to be imported from abroad,and it is not only expensive but also badly worn.,it needs to be replaced once per week,and that would lead to the high cost of rolling.Therefore,the wear resistance of the zinc pot sink roller bearing is a question with more and more attention.This design is in order to prepare the surface of 316 Lstainless steel wear-resistant ceramic coating to solve the zinc pot sink roll shaft and insert wear too serious problem to extend the life of the equipment and The main methods of improving the wear resistance for material are surface strain hardening,surface alloying,surface coating strengthened and so on.In this design,we use the braze coating principle,and make the Al_2O_3 and WC as ceramic reinforcement materials,Ni82CrSiB as the brazing.The method of using the vacuum braze coating to produce more wearresistant ceramic coating,so as to improve wear resistance of the stainless steel surface requirements.The results showed that:The wetting effect of Al_2O_3 and brazing filler is not satisfactory,and we could not find alumina phase in the coating,that is to say,Al_2O_3 as the ceramic reinforcement materials can not achieve the desired goal.However,WC particles in the coating are distributed more evenly.The coating surface is smooth,with a metallic luster,and it is a good metallurgical bond with the stainless steel surface.Its hardness is more than 6 times the stainless steel substrate,and it can be required to improve the wear resistance.
引文
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3唐绍裘.高性能陶瓷涂层---材料、技术及应用市场.表面技术,2002,21(2):46~47
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8赵敏海,刘爱国,郭面焕.WC颗粒增强耐磨材料的研究现状.焊接,2006,14(11):26~29,47
9 Wu P,Du H M,Chen X L,et al.Influence of WC particle behavior on the wear resistance properties of Ni-WC composite coatings.Wear,2004,257:142~147
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11卢屹东,亢世江,丁敏,等.金属表面陶瓷涂层的技术特点及应用.焊接技术,2005,13(2):7~9
12武志斌,肖冰,徐鸿钧.合金真空钎焊金刚石砂轮的研究.机械科学与技术,2001,20(6):888~891
13陈浩,潘春旭.钴基合金激光熔覆组织及其耐磨耐蚀性研究.兵器材料科学与工程,2002,25(2):45
14潘蕾,陶杰,吴申庆,等.干摩擦条件下WC增强CuMn-Ni复合涂层的磨损性能研究.摩擦学报,2002,22(1):13~16
15陆善平,董秀中,吴庆,等.NiCrBSi-WC耐磨钎涂涂层的制备.金属学报,1999,35(1):82~84
16陆善平,郭义,陈亮山.(WC-Co/NiCrBSi)钎焊涂层结合机制及磨损性能研究.材料科学与工程,1999,17(2):46~48,70
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18姚正军,徐鸿钧,肖冰,等.Ni-Cr合金Ar气保护炉中钎焊金刚石砂轮的研究.中国机械工程,2001,12(8):956~959
19王杰敏,文九巴,张伟,等.热浸镀渗铝技术的研究现状及进展.表面技术,2004,16(5):4~6
20刘雪民,易大伟,刘炳,等.热浸镀铝技术的研究应用与发展.材料保护,2008,14(4):47~50
21赵霞,徐家文,孙永鑫.0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢热浸镀铝层的抗高温氧化性能.金属热处理,2009(3):76~79
22林峰,杨月英,王建江,等.自蔓延反应火焰喷涂复相陶瓷涂层研究.暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1):100~104
23黄小鸥,汪瑞军,徐林.电火花沉积金属陶瓷材料耐铝液热浸蚀研究.焊接,2001(3):22~24
24汪瑞军,钱乙余,黄小鸥,等.TCl合金表面电火花沉积WC-8Co涂层界面行为.焊接学报,2003,18(5):88~90
25夏正月,韩培高,韦德远,等.发光纳米硅/二氧化硅多层膜的特性与氢气氛退火的影响.物理学报,2007(11):6 691~6 694
26孙方红,马壮,董世知,等.Q235钢表面金属陶瓷涂层熔覆技术的研究进展.材料保护,2012(1):48~51
27王利蕊,田宗军,赵剑峰,等.42SiMn表面激光熔覆SiC纳米陶瓷涂层试验研究.材料开发与应用,2003,25(4):27~29
28刘红娟,任富建,李义曼.自蔓延高温合成涂层技术及其研究进展.中国非金属矿工业导刊,2006,5(4):18~20
29卢国辉,曾鹏,黄惠平,等.爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷梯度涂层的组织与性能.材料工程,2000,24(4):30~33
30柯培玲,武颖娜,王启民,等.爆炸喷涂空心球形氧化锆热障涂层的抗热冲击性能.金属学报,2004,19(11):1 179~11 82
31张菁,揭晓华.高速火焰喷涂技术及其应用.国外金属热处理,1998,12(2):43~39
2贾中华.料浆法制备铌合金和钼合金高温抗氧化涂层.粉末冶金技术,2001,22(2):74~76
3唐绍裘.高性能陶瓷涂层---材料、技术及应用市场.表面技术,2002,21(2):46~47
4张宝军.铸造碳化钨/镍基钎料合金复合钎涂材料制备与性能研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2007
5曾爱香,唐绍裘.金属基陶瓷涂层的制备和应用及发展.表面技术,1999,13(1):1~3
6徐秋红,王志,史国普,等.钢基体涂覆Al2O3陶瓷层的研究现状与展望.稀有金属快报,2007,14(12):1~5
7况军,徐艳菊.Al2O3对激光熔覆Ni基涂层性能的影响.中国科技论文在线,2006(9):1~5
8赵敏海,刘爱国,郭面焕.WC颗粒增强耐磨材料的研究现状.焊接,2006,14(11):26~29,47
9 Wu P,Du H M,Chen X L,et al.Influence of WC particle behavior on the wear resistance properties of Ni-WC composite coatings.Wear,2004,257:142~147
10董洪亮,李国军,崔学军.高性能陶瓷涂层的制备技术与发展趋势.材料导报,2008,12(S2):183~186
11卢屹东,亢世江,丁敏,等.金属表面陶瓷涂层的技术特点及应用.焊接技术,2005,13(2):7~9
12武志斌,肖冰,徐鸿钧.合金真空钎焊金刚石砂轮的研究.机械科学与技术,2001,20(6):888~891
13陈浩,潘春旭.钴基合金激光熔覆组织及其耐磨耐蚀性研究.兵器材料科学与工程,2002,25(2):45
14潘蕾,陶杰,吴申庆,等.干摩擦条件下WC增强CuMn-Ni复合涂层的磨损性能研究.摩擦学报,2002,22(1):13~16
15陆善平,董秀中,吴庆,等.NiCrBSi-WC耐磨钎涂涂层的制备.金属学报,1999,35(1):82~84
16陆善平,郭义,陈亮山.(WC-Co/NiCrBSi)钎焊涂层结合机制及磨损性能研究.材料科学与工程,1999,17(2):46~48,70
17许振华.反应钎涂碳化物/铁基合金复合涂层成分设计与组织结构:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京科技大学,2007
18姚正军,徐鸿钧,肖冰,等.Ni-Cr合金Ar气保护炉中钎焊金刚石砂轮的研究.中国机械工程,2001,12(8):956~959
19王杰敏,文九巴,张伟,等.热浸镀渗铝技术的研究现状及进展.表面技术,2004,16(5):4~6
20刘雪民,易大伟,刘炳,等.热浸镀铝技术的研究应用与发展.材料保护,2008,14(4):47~50
21赵霞,徐家文,孙永鑫.0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢热浸镀铝层的抗高温氧化性能.金属热处理,2009(3):76~79
22林峰,杨月英,王建江,等.自蔓延反应火焰喷涂复相陶瓷涂层研究.暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1):100~104
23黄小鸥,汪瑞军,徐林.电火花沉积金属陶瓷材料耐铝液热浸蚀研究.焊接,2001(3):22~24
24汪瑞军,钱乙余,黄小鸥,等.TCl合金表面电火花沉积WC-8Co涂层界面行为.焊接学报,2003,18(5):88~90
25夏正月,韩培高,韦德远,等.发光纳米硅/二氧化硅多层膜的特性与氢气氛退火的影响.物理学报,2007(11):6 691~6 694
26孙方红,马壮,董世知,等.Q235钢表面金属陶瓷涂层熔覆技术的研究进展.材料保护,2012(1):48~51
27王利蕊,田宗军,赵剑峰,等.42SiMn表面激光熔覆SiC纳米陶瓷涂层试验研究.材料开发与应用,2003,25(4):27~29
28刘红娟,任富建,李义曼.自蔓延高温合成涂层技术及其研究进展.中国非金属矿工业导刊,2006,5(4):18~20
29卢国辉,曾鹏,黄惠平,等.爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷梯度涂层的组织与性能.材料工程,2000,24(4):30~33
30柯培玲,武颖娜,王启民,等.爆炸喷涂空心球形氧化锆热障涂层的抗热冲击性能.金属学报,2004,19(11):1 179~11 82
31张菁,揭晓华.高速火焰喷涂技术及其应用.国外金属热处理,1998,12(2):43~39