药用黄芪皂苷类化学成分及药理作用研究进展
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摘要
归纳整理蒙古黄芪与膜荚黄芪2种药用黄芪中已经发现的54种皂苷类成分的化学结构,其中有以环黄芪醇为母核的皂苷21种,以Cyclogalegigenin为母核的皂苷9种,以Cyclocanthogenin为母核的皂苷1种,以大豆皂苷元B为母核的皂苷3种,膜荚黄芪茎叶皂苷5种,三萜类皂苷12种,astraisoolesaponins类皂苷2种,膜荚黄芪茎叶皂苷I 1种。发现皂苷是药用黄芪的重要生物活性成分,具有改善心血管、保护器官、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等药理作用。
The pharmacopoeia prescribed medicinal astragalus is Mongolian astragalus and Astragalus membranaceus.Both are widely used in clinical practice.So far,54 kinds of saponins have been found in two kinds of Astragalus,including 21 kinds of saponins containing ring astragaloside as the mother nucleus,9 types of saponins based on Cyclogalegigenin as the mother nucleus,one type of saponin containing Cyclocanthogenin as the mother nucleus,Soybean aglycone B is three kinds of saponins of the mother nucleus,five species of the stem saponins of the scutellaria baicalensis,twelve species of the triterpene saponins,two species of the astraisoolesaponins saponins,and one species of the stem saponins I.Organize and summarize.Saponin is an important bioactive component of medicinal jaundice,and it has the pharmacological effects of improving cardiovascular,protecting organs,immune regulation,and anti-tumor.
The pharmacopoeia prescribed medicinal astragalus is Mongolian astragalus and Astragalus membranaceus.Both are widely used in clinical practice.So far,54 kinds of saponins have been found in two kinds of Astragalus,including 21 kinds of saponins containing ring astragaloside as the mother nucleus,9 types of saponins based on Cyclogalegigenin as the mother nucleus,one type of saponin containing Cyclocanthogenin as the mother nucleus,Soybean aglycone B is three kinds of saponins of the mother nucleus,five species of the stem saponins of the scutellaria baicalensis,twelve species of the triterpene saponins,two species of the astraisoolesaponins saponins,and one species of the stem saponins I.Organize and summarize.Saponin is an important bioactive component of medicinal jaundice,and it has the pharmacological effects of improving cardiovascular,protecting organs,immune regulation,and anti-tumor.
引文
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[27]郑玉淑,张善玉.复方黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠毒副作用的影响[J].延边大学医学学报,2007,30(4):252-254.
[28]赵莲芳,郑玉淑,张善玉.复方黄芪多糖拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠毒副作用的研究[J].现代医药卫生,2008,24(1):1-2.
[29]张毅,李娟,李金田,等.芪蛭皱肺颗粒对COPD模型大鼠血气分析及IL-4细胞因子表达的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2016,22(1):57-58.
[30]陈永仲,郭仁强.黄芪皂苷甲对小鼠淋巴结内淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的影响[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),1987,7(1):9-12.
[31]刘艳霞,刘在萍,焦建杰,等.黄芪苷Ⅳ对正常和心功能受抑制大鼠左心室心肌力学的影响[J].中草药,2001,32(4):332-334.
[32]王奇玲,李云义.黄芪皂甙对离体工作心脏的肌力作用及其可能机制[J].中国中药杂志,1992,17(9):557-559.
[33]于小华,张新刚,王时俊,等.黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌柯萨奇病毒受体基因表达的影响[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2005,20(3):215-217.
[34]蒋斗发,殷昌好,俞能高,等.黄芪总皂苷对老年大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].现代中药研究与实践,2002,16(5):15-16.
[35]高建,徐先祥,徐先俊,等.黄芪总皂苷抗血栓形成作用实验研究[J].中成药,2002,24(2):116-118.
[36]徐先祥,刘青云,彭代银,等.黄芪总皂苷与赤芍总苷协同抗血栓作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2002,8(3):35-38.
[37]于影,赵明,刘贝贝,等.黄芪总黄酮对豚鼠心室肌细胞钾离子通道的作用[J].中国心血管杂志,2008,13(3):180-183.
[38]陈晓春,薛茜.大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤及黄芪对脑细胞保护作用的实验研究[J].陕西医学杂志,2004,33(11):974-976.
[39]肖峰,胡雅国,吴石楠,等.黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(10):2014-2018.
[40]张莲,周语平,刘光炜.黄芪皂苷对大鼠萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用及对MyD88,TLR4受体的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2013,19(2):226-229.
[41]李香华,工洪新,工秋宁.黄芪甲苷对高糖诱导的乳大鼠心肌肥大的保护作用[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2010,18(11):845-848.
[42]许晓乐,季晖,谷舒怡,等.黄芪甲苷对小鼠实验性心室重构及基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响[J].中国药科大学学报,2010,41(1):70-75.
[43]熊平,蒋灵芝,廖秀清.黄芪甲苷保护大鼠肺缺血再灌注肺损伤的形态学研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2010,30(8):1864-1867.
[44]徐维佳,牟姗,工琴,等.黄芪甲苷对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤的保护作用[J].中国中西医结合肾病志,2012,13(9):765-769.
[45]Zhang Z G,Wu L,Wang J L,et al.Astragaloside IVprevents MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell death via the inhibition of Bax-mediated pathways and ROS production[J].Molecular&Cellular Biochemistry,2012,364(1/2):209-216.
[46]刘明华,任美萍,陈健平,等.黄芪皂苷抗肿瘤活性研究[J].中药药理与临床,2009,25(2):68-70.
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[52]刘阿娜,崔宁,赵文晓,等.黄芪皂苷干预脾虚水湿不化证大鼠的代谢组学研究[J].中草药,2016,47(24):4401-4407.
[2]毕志明,余庆涛,李萍,等.蒙古黄芪地上部分的黄酮类成分[J].中国天然药物,2007,5(4):263-265.
[3]Kitagawa I,WANG H,Saito M,et al.Saponin and sapogenol.XXXV.Chemical constituents of astragali radix,the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge.(2).Astragalosides I,II and IV,acetylastragaloside I and isoastragalosides I and II[J].Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin,1983,31(2):698-708.
[4]Bian Y,Guan J,Bi Z.Studies on chemical constituents of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao[J].Chinese pharmaceutical journal-beijing,2006,41(16):1217.
[5]Zhou Y,Hirotani M,Rui H,et al.Two triglycosidic triterpene astragalosides from hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus[J].Phytochemistry,1995,38(6):1407-1410.
[6]KITAGAWA I,WANG H,SAITO M,et al.Saponin and Sapogenol.XXXVI.Chemical constituents of Astragali Radix,the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge.(3).Astragalosides III,V,and VI[J].Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin,1983,31(2):709-715.
[7]Kim J S,Yean M H,Lee E J,et al.Two new cycloartane saponins from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus[J].Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2008,56(1):105-108.
[8]Hirotani M,Zhou Y,aTsutomu Furuya H R.Cycloartane triterpene glycosides from the hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus[J].Phytochemistry,1994,37(5):1403-1407.
[9]Pistelli L,Pardossi S,Flamini G,et al.Three cycloastragenol glucosides from Astragalus verrucosus[J].Phytochemistry,1997,45(3):585-587.
[10]Kravtsov V K,Biyushkin V N,Rebrova O N,et al.Triterpene glycosides of Astragalus and their genins.XXVII.X-ray structural investigation of cyclogalegigenin[J].Chemistry of Natural Compounds,1988,24(4):458-462.
[11]He Z Q,Findlay J A.Constituents of Astragalus membranaceus[J].Journal of natural products,1991,54(3):810-815.
[12]KITAGAWA I,WANG H,YOSHIKAWA M.Saponin and sapogenol.XXXVII.Chemical constituents of Astragali Radix,the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge.(4).astragalosides VII and VIII[J].Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin,1983,31(2):716-722.
[13]郑善松,王峥涛.蒙古黄芪化学成分研究[J].上海中医药大学学报,2011,25(5):89-94.
[14]张苗苗,刘艳丽,陈重,等.艾迪注射液的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2012,43(8):1462-1470.
[15]Hirotani M,Zhou Y,Lui H,et al.Astragalosides from hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus[J].Phytochemistry,1994,36(3):665-670.
[16]杨芮平,郝东方,苏兰,等.膜荚黄芪的化学成分研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2008,18(6):457-460.
[17]Lee D Y,Noh H J,Choi J,et al.Anti-inflammatory cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus membranaceus[J].Molecules,2013,18(4):3725-3732.
[18]Yu Q T,Li P,Bi Z M,et al.Two new saponins from the aerial part of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus[J].Chinese Chemical Letters,2007,18(5):554-556.
[19]Kuang H,Okada Y,Yang B,et al.Secocycloartane Triterpenoidal Saponins from the Leaves of Astragalus membranaceusBunge[J].Helvetica Chimica Acta,2009,92(5):950-958.
[20]Kuang H X,Wang Q H,Yang B Y,et al.Huangqiyenins G-J,Four New 9,10-Secocycloartane(=9,19-Cyclo-9,10-secolanostane)Triterpenoidal Saponins from Astragalus membranaceusBunge Leaves[J].Helvetica Chimica Acta,2011,94(12):2239-2247.
[21]李瑞芬.蒙古黄芪干燥根的化学成分研究[D].沈阳:沈阳药科大学,2006.
[22]Li X,Qu L,Dong Y,et al.A review of recent research progress on the astragalus genus[J].Molecules,2014,19(11):18850-18880.
[23]Kai Z,Michela P,Antonio P,et al.Biological active ingredients of traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus on treatment of diabetes:a systematic review[J].Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry,2015,15(4):315-329.
[24]Yahara S,Kohjyouma M,Kohoda H.Flavonoid glycosides and saponins from Astragalus shikokianus[J].Phytochemistry,2000,53(4):469-471.
[25]Kai Z,Michela P,Antonio P,et al.Biological active ingredients of traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus on treatment of diabetes:a systematic review[J].Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry,2015,15(4):315-329.
[26]刘明华,任美萍,陈健平,等.黄芪皂苷抗肿瘤活性研究[J].中药药理与临床,2009,25(2):68-70.
[27]郑玉淑,张善玉.复方黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠毒副作用的影响[J].延边大学医学学报,2007,30(4):252-254.
[28]赵莲芳,郑玉淑,张善玉.复方黄芪多糖拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠毒副作用的研究[J].现代医药卫生,2008,24(1):1-2.
[29]张毅,李娟,李金田,等.芪蛭皱肺颗粒对COPD模型大鼠血气分析及IL-4细胞因子表达的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2016,22(1):57-58.
[30]陈永仲,郭仁强.黄芪皂苷甲对小鼠淋巴结内淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的影响[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),1987,7(1):9-12.
[31]刘艳霞,刘在萍,焦建杰,等.黄芪苷Ⅳ对正常和心功能受抑制大鼠左心室心肌力学的影响[J].中草药,2001,32(4):332-334.
[32]王奇玲,李云义.黄芪皂甙对离体工作心脏的肌力作用及其可能机制[J].中国中药杂志,1992,17(9):557-559.
[33]于小华,张新刚,王时俊,等.黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌柯萨奇病毒受体基因表达的影响[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2005,20(3):215-217.
[34]蒋斗发,殷昌好,俞能高,等.黄芪总皂苷对老年大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].现代中药研究与实践,2002,16(5):15-16.
[35]高建,徐先祥,徐先俊,等.黄芪总皂苷抗血栓形成作用实验研究[J].中成药,2002,24(2):116-118.
[36]徐先祥,刘青云,彭代银,等.黄芪总皂苷与赤芍总苷协同抗血栓作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2002,8(3):35-38.
[37]于影,赵明,刘贝贝,等.黄芪总黄酮对豚鼠心室肌细胞钾离子通道的作用[J].中国心血管杂志,2008,13(3):180-183.
[38]陈晓春,薛茜.大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤及黄芪对脑细胞保护作用的实验研究[J].陕西医学杂志,2004,33(11):974-976.
[39]肖峰,胡雅国,吴石楠,等.黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(10):2014-2018.
[40]张莲,周语平,刘光炜.黄芪皂苷对大鼠萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用及对MyD88,TLR4受体的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2013,19(2):226-229.
[41]李香华,工洪新,工秋宁.黄芪甲苷对高糖诱导的乳大鼠心肌肥大的保护作用[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2010,18(11):845-848.
[42]许晓乐,季晖,谷舒怡,等.黄芪甲苷对小鼠实验性心室重构及基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响[J].中国药科大学学报,2010,41(1):70-75.
[43]熊平,蒋灵芝,廖秀清.黄芪甲苷保护大鼠肺缺血再灌注肺损伤的形态学研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2010,30(8):1864-1867.
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