基于场地生境营造的城市风景园林小气候研究
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摘要
城市小气候作为城市物理环境的重要组成部分,其基本属性会受到城市形态与城市空间布局的影响,因而形成了不同城市空间类型的小气候调节机制。同一环境城市小气候受不同风景园林设计营建的影响,形成不同的城市风景园林小气候特征,这不仅可以改善人们户外活动的舒适度,同时也影响城市绿地空间中生物群落的栖息和演替,进而影响城市生态系统的品质。从修复营建城市生物多样性的角度,提出了基于场地生境营造的城市风景园林小气候改善途径。通过合理利用场地设计要素,使日照、风、水等小气候因子指导植物景观设计,为生物群落营造适宜的场地小气候条件,通过冷岛效应改善城市生态环境。
As a significant part of the physical environment of the city,urban micro-climate is affected by the urban form and the urban space layout,thus forming the different types of microclimate regulation mechanism in different urban space.In the same environment,the urban micro-climate is affected by the different construction of landscape architecture design,which formed different characteristic of urban micro-climate of landscape.It could obviously not only improve the people comfort index,but also influence the habitat and communities' succession in urban green space,and furthermore advance the quality of urban ecological system.The paper promoted the urban micro-climate of landscape approach based on habitat-site design from the perspective of protection and restoration of urban biodiversity.Through using the adaptive site design elements to affect the habitat micro-climatic factors,such as sunshine factor,wind factor,and water factor,it could direct the plant landscape design,construct suitable habitatsite microclimatic for plant community,and elevate diversity of urban green space.
As a significant part of the physical environment of the city,urban micro-climate is affected by the urban form and the urban space layout,thus forming the different types of microclimate regulation mechanism in different urban space.In the same environment,the urban micro-climate is affected by the different construction of landscape architecture design,which formed different characteristic of urban micro-climate of landscape.It could obviously not only improve the people comfort index,but also influence the habitat and communities' succession in urban green space,and furthermore advance the quality of urban ecological system.The paper promoted the urban micro-climate of landscape approach based on habitat-site design from the perspective of protection and restoration of urban biodiversity.Through using the adaptive site design elements to affect the habitat micro-climatic factors,such as sunshine factor,wind factor,and water factor,it could direct the plant landscape design,construct suitable habitatsite microclimatic for plant community,and elevate diversity of urban green space.
引文
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[19]王静文.城市绿色基础设施空间组织构建研究[J].华中建筑,2014(2):28-31.
[20]刘晖,李莉华,徐鼎黄.自然环境条件影响下的西北城市绿地生境营造途径[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,48(4):557-567.
[21]贾培义,郭湧,王晞月,等.可持续景观设计:场地设计方法、策略与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:133-134.
[22]何柳静,黄玉源.城市植物群落结构及其与环境效益关系分析[J].中国城市林业,2012,10(4):13-16.
[23]胡永红,王丽勉,秦俊,等.不同群落结构的绿地对夏季微气候的改善效果[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(2):235-237.
[24]黄良美,黄玉源,黎桦,等.城市不同绿地生境小气候的时空变异规律分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(1):29-31,34.
[25]Zhang Z,Lv Y M,Pan H T.Cooling and humidifying effect of plant communities in subtropical urban parks[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2013,12(3):323-329.
[26]张邦琨,张萍,赵云龙.喀斯特地貌不同演替阶段植被小气候特征研究[J].贵州气象,2000,24(3):17-21.
[27]邓艳,蒋忠诚,李先琨,等.广西弄岗不同演替阶段植被群落的小气候特征[J].热带地理,2004,24(4):316-320,325.
[28]付为国,李萍萍,吴沿友,等.镇江内江湿地不同演替阶段植物群落小气候日动态[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1699-1704.
[29]诺曼.K.布思.风景园林设计要素[M].曹礼昆,曹德鲲,译.北京:中国林业出版社,1989:150-152.
[30]巴里.W.斯塔克,约翰.O.西蒙兹.景观设计学:场地规划与设计手册[M].朱强,俞孔坚,郭兰,等,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:252.
[2]晏海.城市公园绿地小气候环境效应及其影响因子研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014:5-10.
[3]刘加平.城市环境物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:1-2.
[4]庄晓林,段玉侠,金荷仙.城市风景园林小气候研究进展[J].中国园林,2017,33(4):23-28.
[5]肖荣波,欧阳志云,李伟峰,等.城市热岛的生态环境效应[J].生态学报,2005,25(8):2055-2060.
[6]杨云云.城市园林景观生态学微气候因素的调节设计[D].南京:南京工业大学,2013:20-22.
[7]迈克尔·哈夫.城市与自然过程:迈向可持续性的基础[M].第2版.刘海龙,贾丽奇,赵智聪,等,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:197-199.
[8]冷红,袁青.城市微气候环境控制及优化的国际经验及启示[J].国际城市规划,2014,29(6):114-119.
[9]陈睿智,董靓.国外微气候舒适度研究简述及启示[J].中国园林,2009,25(11):81-83.
[10]Hamada S,Ohta T.Seasonal variations in the cooling effect of urban green areas on surrounding urban areas[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2010,9(1):15-24.
[11]Dimoudi A,Nikolopoulou M.Vegetation in the urban environment:microclimate analysis and benefits[J].Energy and Buildings,2003,35:69-76.
[12]Potchter O,Cohen P,Bitan A.Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the mediterranean city of Tel Aviv,Israel[J].International Journal of Climatology,2006,26(12):1695-1711.
[13]Cao X,Onishi A,Chen J,et al.Quantifying the cool island intensity of urban parks using ASTER and IKONOS data[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,96(4):224-231.
[14]Chang C R,Li M H,Chang S D.A preliminary study on the local cool-island intensity of Taipei city parks[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,80(4):386-395.
[15]刘晖,董芦笛,刘洪莉.生态环境营造与景观设计[J].城市建筑,2007(5):11-13.
[16]刘晖,吴小辉,李仓拴.生境营造的实验性研究(二):场地生境类型划分与分区[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):46-53.
[17]刘晖,王晶懋,吴小辉.生境营造的实验性研究[J].中国园林,2017,33(3):19-23.
[18]埃维特·埃雷尔,戴维·珀尔穆特,特里·威廉森.城市小气候:建筑之间的空间设计[M].叶齐茂,倪晓晖,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:65-67.
[19]王静文.城市绿色基础设施空间组织构建研究[J].华中建筑,2014(2):28-31.
[20]刘晖,李莉华,徐鼎黄.自然环境条件影响下的西北城市绿地生境营造途径[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,48(4):557-567.
[21]贾培义,郭湧,王晞月,等.可持续景观设计:场地设计方法、策略与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:133-134.
[22]何柳静,黄玉源.城市植物群落结构及其与环境效益关系分析[J].中国城市林业,2012,10(4):13-16.
[23]胡永红,王丽勉,秦俊,等.不同群落结构的绿地对夏季微气候的改善效果[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(2):235-237.
[24]黄良美,黄玉源,黎桦,等.城市不同绿地生境小气候的时空变异规律分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(1):29-31,34.
[25]Zhang Z,Lv Y M,Pan H T.Cooling and humidifying effect of plant communities in subtropical urban parks[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2013,12(3):323-329.
[26]张邦琨,张萍,赵云龙.喀斯特地貌不同演替阶段植被小气候特征研究[J].贵州气象,2000,24(3):17-21.
[27]邓艳,蒋忠诚,李先琨,等.广西弄岗不同演替阶段植被群落的小气候特征[J].热带地理,2004,24(4):316-320,325.
[28]付为国,李萍萍,吴沿友,等.镇江内江湿地不同演替阶段植物群落小气候日动态[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1699-1704.
[29]诺曼.K.布思.风景园林设计要素[M].曹礼昆,曹德鲲,译.北京:中国林业出版社,1989:150-152.
[30]巴里.W.斯塔克,约翰.O.西蒙兹.景观设计学:场地规划与设计手册[M].朱强,俞孔坚,郭兰,等,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:252.