覆盖区岩溶溶洞的微动探测试验研究——以福建永安大湖盆地为例
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摘要
基于岩溶发育位置及程度等规律对现代城市开发建设的重要意义,利用二维微动剖面探测方法开展灰岩岩溶区地层结构探测,获得关于隐伏岩溶洞穴发育规律的新认识。二维微动探测方法利用天然源面波的优势,不受人文居住环境干扰限制,在浅层地质结构探测方面凸显出优势。利用该方法研究覆盖区岩溶发育规律,在福建永安大湖盆地内两处岩溶国家地下水监测井钻孔旁,通过钻孔孔内S波速度波速测试结果分析总结地层速度规律,同时二维微动剖面探测结果与钻探结果对比揭示,灰岩岩溶发育、不发育段的视S波速度分别为1 000～1 600 m/s,1 700 m/s以上,灰岩中溶洞的视S波速度为300～850 m/s,存在显著差异。利用微动视S波速度剖面,进一步揭示坑边和霞鹤地区地下岩溶洞穴虽整体发育形态表现为层状,但其发育形式主要为岩溶管道型;区内岩溶深度达160 m,发育深度与地形起伏有一定相关性。基于2处试验区的总结性规律,分析了大湖盆地内另一微动测线处的岩溶发育规律并得到验证。由此可见,通过微动剖面结果与钻孔对比分析规律,可利用该规律以微动剖面结果为基础推测该区域其他无钻孔区域的岩溶发育情况。结果表明,微动探测能较直观地探测覆盖型岩溶区地下灰岩溶洞的发育及空间分布情况,并可追踪分析岩溶的横向变化规律。
Based on the importance of karst development location and development degree,and the construction of modern cities,this paper uses the two-dimensional microtremor section detection method to detect the formation structure of limestone karst area,and obtains a new understanding of the development law of hidden karst caves. Two-dimensional microtremor section method makes use of the advantages of natural source surface wave and is not limited by the interference of human living environment,which highlights its advantages in shallow geological structure detection.In the Dahu basin of Fujian Yongan China,the coverage area of karst development law is studied by using this method.There are two karst groundwater monitoring wells in the area,where the analysis of well drilling cores S wave velocity test results summarizes the formation velocity law.At the same time,the two-dimensional microtremor profile detection results compared with drilling results reveal that the S wave velocities at the sections with limestone karst development and no development are 1 000-1 600 m/s and more than 1 700 m/s respectively.The S wave velocity at limestone cave is 300-850 m/s.There are significant differences in those sections.Based on the velocity profile of S-wave,it is further revealed that although the overall development pattern of underground karst caves in the Kengbian and Xiahe area is stratified,the development pattern is mainly karst pipeline. The karst depth in the area is 160 m,and the development depth is correlated with topographic relief.Based on the summative law of the two test areas,the karst development law of another microtremor survey line in the Dahu basin is analyzed and verified.It can be seen that by comparing and analyzing the law of microtremor profile results with that of borehole,the karst development in other non-borehole areas in this region can be inferred based on the law of microtremor profile results.The results show that the microtremor detection can directly detect the development and spatial distribution of underground limestone karst caves in the overlying karst areas,and can track and analyze the lateral variation rules of karst.
Based on the importance of karst development location and development degree,and the construction of modern cities,this paper uses the two-dimensional microtremor section detection method to detect the formation structure of limestone karst area,and obtains a new understanding of the development law of hidden karst caves. Two-dimensional microtremor section method makes use of the advantages of natural source surface wave and is not limited by the interference of human living environment,which highlights its advantages in shallow geological structure detection.In the Dahu basin of Fujian Yongan China,the coverage area of karst development law is studied by using this method.There are two karst groundwater monitoring wells in the area,where the analysis of well drilling cores S wave velocity test results summarizes the formation velocity law.At the same time,the two-dimensional microtremor profile detection results compared with drilling results reveal that the S wave velocities at the sections with limestone karst development and no development are 1 000-1 600 m/s and more than 1 700 m/s respectively.The S wave velocity at limestone cave is 300-850 m/s.There are significant differences in those sections.Based on the velocity profile of S-wave,it is further revealed that although the overall development pattern of underground karst caves in the Kengbian and Xiahe area is stratified,the development pattern is mainly karst pipeline. The karst depth in the area is 160 m,and the development depth is correlated with topographic relief.Based on the summative law of the two test areas,the karst development law of another microtremor survey line in the Dahu basin is analyzed and verified.It can be seen that by comparing and analyzing the law of microtremor profile results with that of borehole,the karst development in other non-borehole areas in this region can be inferred based on the law of microtremor profile results.The results show that the microtremor detection can directly detect the development and spatial distribution of underground limestone karst caves in the overlying karst areas,and can track and analyze the lateral variation rules of karst.
引文
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[17]徐佩芬,李传金,凌甦群,等.利用微动勘察方法探测煤矿陷落柱[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1923-1930.XU Peifen,LI Chuanjin,LING Suqun,et al.Mapping collapsed columns in coal mines utilizing microtremor Survey Methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys,2009,52(7):1923-1930.
[18]徐佩芬,侍文,凌甦群,等.二维微动剖面探测“孤石”:以深圳地铁7号线为例[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):2020-2128.XU Peifen,SHI Wen,LING Suqun,et al. Mapping spherically weathered “Boulders”using 2D microtremor profiling method:A case study along subway line 7 in Shenzhe[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys,2012,55(6):2020-2128.
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[2]黄光明.福建永安灰岩矿山露采区地质环境破坏及治理[J].厦门理工学院学报,2018,26(1):89-95.HUANG Guangming.Geological environment destruction and remediation:Limestone surface mining area in yongan fujian[J].Journal fo Xiamen University of Technology,2018,26(1):89-95.
[3]黄鑫,林鹏,许振浩,等.岩溶隧道突水突泥防突评判方法及其工程应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(10):2533-2545.HUANG Xin,LIN Peng,XU Zhenhao,et al. Prevention structure assessment method against water and mud inrush in karst tunnels and its application[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2018,49(10):2533-2545.
[4]陈福全,万梁龙.岩溶塌陷影响下加筋路基加筋体设计方法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(1):208-217.CHEN Fuquan,WAN Lianglong. Design method for geosynthetics as reinforcement to prevent embankments from collapsing due to localised sinkholes[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2018,49(1):208-217.
[5]赵连锋,朱介寿,严忠琼,等.岩溶勘察层析成像实验:成像效果分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):332-336.ZHAO Lianfeng,ZHU Jieshou,YAN Zhongqiong,et al. A test of tomography in the cavern survey:Imaging effect analysis[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geophysical Exploration,2002,24(4):332-336.
[6]章飞亮,孙中科.综合物探技术在城市轨道交通岩溶勘察中的应用[J].铁道勘察,2017(5):82-96.ZHANG Feiliang SUN Zhongke.Application of integrated geophysical prospecting technology in Karst exploration of urban rail transit[J].Railway Investgation and Surveying,2017(5):82-96.
[7]刘兵,李曙光.高密度电法在云南某高速公路岩溶勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):543-547.LIU Bing, LI Shuguang. Application of multi-electrodes electrical to karst exploration of one highway in Yunnan[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2008,5(5):543-547.
[8]尚耀军,何耀京,黄子龙.跨孔超高密度电法CT在岩溶勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2013,10(4):545-551.SHANG Yaojun,HE Yaojing,HUANG Zilong. The application of cross-hole super-high density resistivity method CT to Karst carve exploration[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2013,10(4):545-551.
[9]葛双成,邵长云.岩溶勘察中的探地雷达技术及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):476-481.GE Shuangcheng,SHAO Changyun. Technique and application of GPR in Karst prospecting[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):476-481.
[10]杨振,张光学,张莉,等.西沙海域中新世碳酸盐台地的时空分布及其油气成藏模式[J].地质学报,2017,91(6):1360-1373.YANG Zhen, ZHANG Guangxue, ZHANG Li, et al. The spatial-temporal distribution of Miocene carbonate platform in the Xisha sea area and its model of hydrocarbon zccumulation[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(6):1360-1373.
[11]陶夏新,师黎静,董连成.中日地脉动联合观测[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(2):24-31.TAO Xiaxin,SHI Lijing,DONG Liancheng.Sino-Japan joint mierotremor array observation[J]. World Earththquake Engineering,2002,18(2):24-31.
[12] HIROSHI A,KOJI T.S-wave velocity profiling by inversion of microtremor HPV spectrum[J].Bulletin Seismological Society America,2004,94(1):53-63.
[13] SHAPIRO N M,CAMPILLO M,STEHLY L.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from Ambient seismic noise[J]. Science,2005,307:1615-1618.
[14]何正勤,丁志峰,贾辉,等.用微动中的面波信息探测地壳浅部的速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):492-498.HE Zhengqin,DING Zhifeng,JIA Hui,et al. To determine the velocity structure of shallow crust with surface wave information in microtremors[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys,2007,50(2):492-498.
[15]何正勤,胡刚,鲁来玉,等.云南通海盆地的浅层速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(11):3819-3827.HE Zhengqin,HU Gang,LU Layu,et al.The shallow velocity structure for the Tonghai basin in Yunnan[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys,2013,56(11):3819-3827.
[16]徐佩芬,李世豪,杜建国,等.微动探测:地层分层和隐伏断裂构造探测的新方法[J].岩石学报,2013,29(5):1841-1845.XU Peifen,LI Shihao,DU Jianguo,et al. Microtremor survey method:A new geophysical method for dividing strata and detecting the buried fault structures[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(5):1841-1845.
[17]徐佩芬,李传金,凌甦群,等.利用微动勘察方法探测煤矿陷落柱[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1923-1930.XU Peifen,LI Chuanjin,LING Suqun,et al.Mapping collapsed columns in coal mines utilizing microtremor Survey Methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys,2009,52(7):1923-1930.
[18]徐佩芬,侍文,凌甦群,等.二维微动剖面探测“孤石”:以深圳地铁7号线为例[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):2020-2128.XU Peifen,SHI Wen,LING Suqun,et al. Mapping spherically weathered “Boulders”using 2D microtremor profiling method:A case study along subway line 7 in Shenzhe[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys,2012,55(6):2020-2128.
[19] XU Peifen,LING Suqun,LI Chuanjin,et al.Mapping deeply-buried geothermal faults using microtremor array analysis[J]. Geophys Journal International,2012,188(1):115-122.
[20]殷鸿福,吴顺宝,杜远生,等.华南是特提斯多岛洋体系的一部分[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1999,24(1):3-14.YIN Hongfu,WU Shunbao,DU Yuansheng,et al. South China defined as part of Tethyan archipelagic ocean system[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1999,24(1):3-14.
[21]蔡保全.晚玉木冰期台湾海峡成陆的证据[J].海洋科学,2002,26(6):51-53.CAI Baoquan.The evidence of dry land of the taiwan straitsduring late Wurm glaciation[J].Marine Sciences,2002,26(6):51-53.
[22]黄光明,李长安,赵举兴.福建三明万寿岩地区中更新世晚期以来地壳多期隆升特征及地质意义[J].地质与勘探,2017,53(6):1181-1187.HUANG Guangming,LI Chang’an,ZHAO Juxing. Characteristics and implication of multi-phase uplifting in the regional neotectonic from late part of Middle Pleistocene in Wanshouyan,Fujian Sanming[J].Geology and Exploration,2017,53(6):1181-1187.
[23]黄光明,李长安,赵举兴.2018.福建三明万寿岩层状洞穴发育过程及其工程地质意义[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(2):521-528.HUANG Guangming,LI Chang’an,ZHAO Juxing. Development process of layered karst caves and its implication of engineering geology. Wanshouyan,Fujian Province[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(2):521-528.
[24]池永翔,李润,陈植华.基于测年法的永安石林形成年代及发育演化过程研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):152-156.CHI Yongxiang,LI Run,CHEN Zhihua. On the formation age and developing process of Yongan stone forest[J]. Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(1):152-156.
[25]福建省地矿局.福建省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1985:493-546.
[26] LING Suqun.Rseach on the estimation of phase velocities of surface waves in microtremors[D].Tokyo:Hokkaido University,1994.
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