双螺杆挤出胶粉改性沥青流变性能研究
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摘要
为解决橡胶沥青黏度高、掺量低的问题,用双螺杆挤出法对胶粉进行脱硫,同时为了进一步解决螺杆高温挤出时胶粉力学性能损失大的问题,采用双螺杆分别在低温(低于170℃)120℃、160℃和高温200℃、240℃挤出胶粉,再分别以20%、30%、40%的胶粉掺量(质量分数)制备12组胶粉改性沥青。通过溶胶含量试验,测试胶粉的脱硫程度;采用布氏黏度试验、动态剪切流变试验(DSR)、多应力蠕变恢复试验(MSCR),研究挤出温度、胶粉掺量对胶粉改性沥青加工流动性能、流变性能的影响规律。结果表明:采用活化工艺结合双螺杆挤出工艺制备的胶粉溶胶含量有较大提高,160℃挤出温度下溶胶含量较120℃挤出温度下溶胶含量提高了2.13%;黏温曲线中,活化挤出胶粉改性沥青相比橡胶沥青黏度降低较为明显,说明活化挤出工艺能很好地改善橡胶沥青黏度高的问题;随着挤出温度的升高,胶粉改性沥青复数剪切模量逐渐降低,同时在低频区相位角不断增大,意味着弹性性能逐步减弱;挤出温度为120℃和160℃时,胶粉掺量的增加能改善沥青高温性能和弹性恢复性能,但温度升至200℃及240℃时,高温性能随掺量增加有所降低,240℃时弹性恢复性能也开始降低;12组样品中160℃挤出温度条件下,各掺量胶粉改性沥青流变性能较好,加工流动性能也相比橡胶沥青有较大改善。
Twin-screw extrusion was used to desulfurize rubber powder in order to solve the problem of high viscosity and low content of rubberized asphalt. Meanwhile, in order to further address the mechanical property loss of rubber powder that occurs when screw extrusion is conducted at high temperatures, in this study, a twin-screw extruder was used to extrude the rubber powder at low temperatures(i.e., temperatures below 170 ℃) of 120 ℃ and 160 ℃ and high temperatures of 200 ℃ and 240 ℃. Twelve groups of rubber-modified asphalt were prepared using 20%, 30%, and 40% of rubber powder. The desulfurization degree of rubber powder was tested by measuring the "sol" content. The influence of extrusion temperature and dosage of rubber powder on the flow and rheological properties of the modified asphalt was studied by the Brookfield viscosity test, dynamic shear rheometer, and multi-stress creep recovery test. The results show that the content of rubber powder sol significantly increases by using activation technology combined with twin-screw extrusion. The content of sol at an extrusion temperature of 160 ℃ is 2.13% higher than that at an extrusion temperature of 120 ℃. From the viscosity-temperature curve, it can be seen that the viscosity of activated-extruded rubber-modified asphalt decreases more evidently than that of rubberized asphalt; this shows that the high viscosity of rubberized asphalt can be improved by the activated extrusion process. With an increase in the extrusion temperature, the multi-shear modulus of the modified asphalt gradually decreases and the phase angle of the low-frequency region increases; this indicates that the elastic properties of asphalt are gradually weakened. When the extrusion temperature is 120 ℃ or 160 ℃, the addition of rubber powder can improve the high-temperature performance and resilience of asphalt. However, when the temperature is increased to 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, the high-temperature performance decreases with an increase in dosage; additionally, the elastic recovery performance begins to decrease at 240 ℃. In the 12 groups of samples, the rheological properties of rubber-modified asphalt improve with increasing rubber content at an extrusion temperature of 160 ℃, and the flow performance of modified asphalt is more satisfactory than that of rubberized asphalt.
Twin-screw extrusion was used to desulfurize rubber powder in order to solve the problem of high viscosity and low content of rubberized asphalt. Meanwhile, in order to further address the mechanical property loss of rubber powder that occurs when screw extrusion is conducted at high temperatures, in this study, a twin-screw extruder was used to extrude the rubber powder at low temperatures(i.e., temperatures below 170 ℃) of 120 ℃ and 160 ℃ and high temperatures of 200 ℃ and 240 ℃. Twelve groups of rubber-modified asphalt were prepared using 20%, 30%, and 40% of rubber powder. The desulfurization degree of rubber powder was tested by measuring the "sol" content. The influence of extrusion temperature and dosage of rubber powder on the flow and rheological properties of the modified asphalt was studied by the Brookfield viscosity test, dynamic shear rheometer, and multi-stress creep recovery test. The results show that the content of rubber powder sol significantly increases by using activation technology combined with twin-screw extrusion. The content of sol at an extrusion temperature of 160 ℃ is 2.13% higher than that at an extrusion temperature of 120 ℃. From the viscosity-temperature curve, it can be seen that the viscosity of activated-extruded rubber-modified asphalt decreases more evidently than that of rubberized asphalt; this shows that the high viscosity of rubberized asphalt can be improved by the activated extrusion process. With an increase in the extrusion temperature, the multi-shear modulus of the modified asphalt gradually decreases and the phase angle of the low-frequency region increases; this indicates that the elastic properties of asphalt are gradually weakened. When the extrusion temperature is 120 ℃ or 160 ℃, the addition of rubber powder can improve the high-temperature performance and resilience of asphalt. However, when the temperature is increased to 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, the high-temperature performance decreases with an increase in dosage; additionally, the elastic recovery performance begins to decrease at 240 ℃. In the 12 groups of samples, the rheological properties of rubber-modified asphalt improve with increasing rubber content at an extrusion temperature of 160 ℃, and the flow performance of modified asphalt is more satisfactory than that of rubberized asphalt.
引文
[1] YE Zhi-gang,ZHANG Yu-zhen,KONG Xian-ming.Modification of Bitumen with Desulfurized Crumb Rubber in the Present of Reactive Additives [J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Materials Science Edition,2005,20 (1):95-97.
[2] 杨毅文,袁浩,马涛.脱硫橡胶沥青溶胀原理及路用性能[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(2):35-39.YANG Yi-wen,YUAN Hao,MA Tao.Swelling Principle and Pavement Performance of Desulfurized Rubber Asphalt [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29 (2):35-39.
[3] YE Zhi-gang,KONG Xian-ming,YU Jian-ying,et al.Microstructure and Properties of Desulfurized Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen [J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Material Science Edition,2003,18 (1):83-85.
[4] 王新宽.橡胶沥青室内制作及性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.WANG Xin-kuan.Research on Asphalt-rubber Production and Road Performance [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.
[5] SHATANAWI K M,BIRO S,GEIGER A,et al.Effects of Furfural Activated Crumb Rubber on the Properties of Rubberized Asphalt [J].Construction & Building Materials,2012,28 (1):96-103.
[6] PRESTI D L.Recycled Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumens for Road Asphalt Mixtures:A Literature Review [J].Construction & Building Materials,2013,49 (6):863-881.
[7] GHAVIBAZOO A,ABDELRAHMAN M.Composition Analysis of Crumb Rubber During Interaction with Asphalt and Effect on Properties of Binder [J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2013,14 (5):517-530.
[8] GHAVIBAZOO A,ABDELRAHMAN M,RAGAB M.Mechanism of Crumb Rubber Modifier Dissolution into Asphalt Matrix and Its Effect on Final Physical Properties of Crumb Rubber-modified Binder [J].Transportation Research Record,2013 (2370):92-101.
[9] MOURI M,SATO N,OKAMOTO H,et al.Continuous Devulcanization by Shear Flow Stage Reaction Control Technology for Rubber Recycling [J].Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi,2000,73 (3):138-143.
[10] JALILVAND A R,GHASEMI I,KARRABI M,et al.A Study of EPDM Devulcanization in a Co-rotating Twin-screw Extruder [J].Iranian Polymer Journal,2007,16 (5):327-335.
[11] 陶国良,王维,陈媛,等.热机械剪切脱硫过程中橡胶结构的变化[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(6):115-119.TAO Guo-liang,WANG Wei,CHEN Yuan,et al.The Change of Rubber Structure During the Process of Thermal Mechanical Shearing [J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2014,30 (6):115-119.
[12] 纪波印,夏艳平,刘涌,等.影响废旧轮胎胶粉热-机械剪切脱硫再生效果的因素[J].合成橡胶工业,2012,35(4):308-311.JI Bo-yin,XIA Yan-ping,LIU Yong,et al.Factors Affecting the Regenerative Effect of Thermal Mechanical Shear Desulphurization in Waste Tire Rubber [J].China Synthetic Rubber Industry,2012,35 (4):308-311.
[13] WANG H,YOU Z,MILLS-BEALE J,et al.Laboratory Evaluation on High Temperature Viscosity and Low Temperature Stiffness of Asphalt Binder with High Percent Scrap Tire Rubber [J].Construction & Building Materials,2012,26 (1) :583-590.
[14] FORMELA K,CYSEWSKA M,HAPONIUK J T.Thermomechanical Reclaiming of Ground Tire Rubber via Extrusion at Low Temperature:Efficiency and Limits [J].Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology,2016,22 (3):213-221.
[15] HU S,CHEN T,ZHANG Y.Effects of High Shear Stress on the Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber in a Twin-screw Extruder [J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,128 (4):2307-2318.
[16] YAZDANI H,GHASEMI I,KARRABI M,et al.Continuous Devulcanization of Waste Tires by Using a Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder:Effects of Screw Configuration,Temperature Profile,and Devulcanization Agent Concentration [J].Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology,2013,19 (1):65-72.
[17] 肖敏敏,丁文胜.助剂活化废胶粉改性沥青性能机理研究[J].公路,2010(3):164-168.XIAO Min-min,DING Wen-sheng.Study on Performance Mechanism of Activated Waste Rubber Powder Modified Asphalt [J].Highway,2010 (3):164-168.
[18] 李岩,张勇,张隐西.等离子体改性废橡胶胶粉及其与PVC共混复合材料的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2005,21(3):239-242.LI Yan,ZHANG Yong,ZHANG Yin-xi.Study of the PVC Composites Filled with Plasma Treated Scrap Rubber Powder [J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2005,21 (3):239-242.
[19] 王歌.基于活化技术的高掺量橡胶沥青性能[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.WANG Ge.Performance of High Volume Rubber Asphalt Based on Activation Technology [D].Chongqing :Chongqing University,2013.
[20] YUSOFF N I M,MOUNIER D,MARC-STEPHANE G,et al.Modelling the Rheological Properties of Bituminous Binders Using the 2S2P1D Model [J].Construction & Building Materials,2013,38 (40):395-406.
[21] ASGHARZADEH S M,TABATABAEE N,NADERI K,et al.An Empirical Model for Modified Bituminous Binder Master Curves [J].Materials & Structures,2013,46 (9):1459-1471.
[22] AASHTO MP 19-2010,Standard Specification for Performance-graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) [S].
[2] 杨毅文,袁浩,马涛.脱硫橡胶沥青溶胀原理及路用性能[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(2):35-39.YANG Yi-wen,YUAN Hao,MA Tao.Swelling Principle and Pavement Performance of Desulfurized Rubber Asphalt [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29 (2):35-39.
[3] YE Zhi-gang,KONG Xian-ming,YU Jian-ying,et al.Microstructure and Properties of Desulfurized Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen [J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Material Science Edition,2003,18 (1):83-85.
[4] 王新宽.橡胶沥青室内制作及性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.WANG Xin-kuan.Research on Asphalt-rubber Production and Road Performance [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.
[5] SHATANAWI K M,BIRO S,GEIGER A,et al.Effects of Furfural Activated Crumb Rubber on the Properties of Rubberized Asphalt [J].Construction & Building Materials,2012,28 (1):96-103.
[6] PRESTI D L.Recycled Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumens for Road Asphalt Mixtures:A Literature Review [J].Construction & Building Materials,2013,49 (6):863-881.
[7] GHAVIBAZOO A,ABDELRAHMAN M.Composition Analysis of Crumb Rubber During Interaction with Asphalt and Effect on Properties of Binder [J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2013,14 (5):517-530.
[8] GHAVIBAZOO A,ABDELRAHMAN M,RAGAB M.Mechanism of Crumb Rubber Modifier Dissolution into Asphalt Matrix and Its Effect on Final Physical Properties of Crumb Rubber-modified Binder [J].Transportation Research Record,2013 (2370):92-101.
[9] MOURI M,SATO N,OKAMOTO H,et al.Continuous Devulcanization by Shear Flow Stage Reaction Control Technology for Rubber Recycling [J].Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi,2000,73 (3):138-143.
[10] JALILVAND A R,GHASEMI I,KARRABI M,et al.A Study of EPDM Devulcanization in a Co-rotating Twin-screw Extruder [J].Iranian Polymer Journal,2007,16 (5):327-335.
[11] 陶国良,王维,陈媛,等.热机械剪切脱硫过程中橡胶结构的变化[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(6):115-119.TAO Guo-liang,WANG Wei,CHEN Yuan,et al.The Change of Rubber Structure During the Process of Thermal Mechanical Shearing [J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2014,30 (6):115-119.
[12] 纪波印,夏艳平,刘涌,等.影响废旧轮胎胶粉热-机械剪切脱硫再生效果的因素[J].合成橡胶工业,2012,35(4):308-311.JI Bo-yin,XIA Yan-ping,LIU Yong,et al.Factors Affecting the Regenerative Effect of Thermal Mechanical Shear Desulphurization in Waste Tire Rubber [J].China Synthetic Rubber Industry,2012,35 (4):308-311.
[13] WANG H,YOU Z,MILLS-BEALE J,et al.Laboratory Evaluation on High Temperature Viscosity and Low Temperature Stiffness of Asphalt Binder with High Percent Scrap Tire Rubber [J].Construction & Building Materials,2012,26 (1) :583-590.
[14] FORMELA K,CYSEWSKA M,HAPONIUK J T.Thermomechanical Reclaiming of Ground Tire Rubber via Extrusion at Low Temperature:Efficiency and Limits [J].Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology,2016,22 (3):213-221.
[15] HU S,CHEN T,ZHANG Y.Effects of High Shear Stress on the Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber in a Twin-screw Extruder [J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,128 (4):2307-2318.
[16] YAZDANI H,GHASEMI I,KARRABI M,et al.Continuous Devulcanization of Waste Tires by Using a Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder:Effects of Screw Configuration,Temperature Profile,and Devulcanization Agent Concentration [J].Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology,2013,19 (1):65-72.
[17] 肖敏敏,丁文胜.助剂活化废胶粉改性沥青性能机理研究[J].公路,2010(3):164-168.XIAO Min-min,DING Wen-sheng.Study on Performance Mechanism of Activated Waste Rubber Powder Modified Asphalt [J].Highway,2010 (3):164-168.
[18] 李岩,张勇,张隐西.等离子体改性废橡胶胶粉及其与PVC共混复合材料的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2005,21(3):239-242.LI Yan,ZHANG Yong,ZHANG Yin-xi.Study of the PVC Composites Filled with Plasma Treated Scrap Rubber Powder [J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2005,21 (3):239-242.
[19] 王歌.基于活化技术的高掺量橡胶沥青性能[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.WANG Ge.Performance of High Volume Rubber Asphalt Based on Activation Technology [D].Chongqing :Chongqing University,2013.
[20] YUSOFF N I M,MOUNIER D,MARC-STEPHANE G,et al.Modelling the Rheological Properties of Bituminous Binders Using the 2S2P1D Model [J].Construction & Building Materials,2013,38 (40):395-406.
[21] ASGHARZADEH S M,TABATABAEE N,NADERI K,et al.An Empirical Model for Modified Bituminous Binder Master Curves [J].Materials & Structures,2013,46 (9):1459-1471.
[22] AASHTO MP 19-2010,Standard Specification for Performance-graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) [S].