闪锌矿浮选的活化与去活化研究进展
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摘要
重点综述了闪锌矿活化与去活化的研究进展,讨论了闪锌矿活化离子的来源,指出闪锌矿活化受矿浆电位、pH值、活化剂浓度和晶格缺陷等因素影响,铜氨络离子对闪锌矿及铁闪锌矿具有良好的活化效果,能降低选矿药剂成本,改善锌精矿质量;去活化作用通过清除闪锌矿表面活化层或在其表面生成亲水薄膜实现;从回水利用、矿物的内外部环境和新药剂等方面预测了多金属硫化矿石的选矿理论与实践的发展方向.
The activation and deactivation of sphalerite flotation were reviewed. The sources of ions which could activate sphalerite flotation were discussed. The mechanism of activation is affected by pH value, the potential of slurry, concentration of the activator and lattice imperfection. Sphalerite and marmatite are effectively activated by ammoniacal copper complex ion, which can lower the cost and improve the quality of zinc concentrate. The deactivation will be generated by removing the activate ions or hydrophilic film coating on sphalerite surface. And the research directions of theory and technologies of flotation for polymetallic sulphide ores based on the use of recycled water, inside and outside environmental of minerals and new flotation agents were also predicted.
The activation and deactivation of sphalerite flotation were reviewed. The sources of ions which could activate sphalerite flotation were discussed. The mechanism of activation is affected by pH value, the potential of slurry, concentration of the activator and lattice imperfection. Sphalerite and marmatite are effectively activated by ammoniacal copper complex ion, which can lower the cost and improve the quality of zinc concentrate. The deactivation will be generated by removing the activate ions or hydrophilic film coating on sphalerite surface. And the research directions of theory and technologies of flotation for polymetallic sulphide ores based on the use of recycled water, inside and outside environmental of minerals and new flotation agents were also predicted.
引文
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[42]Tong X,Song S X,He J,et al.Activation of High-iron Marmatite in Froth Flotation by Ammoniacal Copper(II)Solution[J].Miner.Eng.,2007,20(3):259-263.
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[2]毕克俊,方建军,张琳,等.云南某低品位铅锌硫化矿选矿工艺[J].过程工程学报,2016,16(1):99-104.Bi K J,Fang J J,Zhang L,et al.Beneficiation of a Low Lead-Zinc Sulfide Ore in Yunnan[J].Chin.J.Process Eng.,2016,16(1):99-104.
[3]王淀佐,胡岳华.浮选溶液化学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1988:190-191.
[4]阳富强,吴超.硫化矿自燃预测预报理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011:51-80.
[5]何发钰,孙传尧,宋磊,等.磨矿环境对方铅矿和闪锌矿矿浆化学性质的影响[J].金属矿山,2006,(8):30-33.He F Y,Sun C Y,Song L,et al.Study on Effect of Grinding Environment on Pulp Chemistry of Galena and Sphalerite[J].Metal Mine,2006,(8):30-33.
[6]Williamson M A,Rimstidt J D.The Kinetics and Electrochemical Rate?Determining Step of Aqueous Pyrite Oxidation[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,1994,58(24):5443-5454.
[7]Rao S R,Nesset J E,Finch J A.Activation of Sphalerite by Cu Ions Produced by Cyanide Action on Chalcopyrite[J].Miner.Eng.,2011,24(9):1025-1027.
[8]Akcil A,Koldas S.Acid Mine Drainage(AMD):Causes,Treatment and Case Studies[J].J.Cleaner Prod.,2006,14(12/13):1139-1145.
[9]Bai S J,Wen S M,Xian Y J,et al.New Source of Unavoidable Ions in Galena Flotation Pulp:Components Released from Fluid Inclusions[J].Miner.Eng.,2013,45(3):94-99.
[10]Deng J S,Wen S M,Xian Y J,et al.New Discovery of Unavoidable Ions Source in Chalcopyrite Flotation Pulp:Fluid Inclusions[J].Miner.Eng.,2013,42(3):22-28.
[11]Deng J S,Wen S M,Liu J,et al.New Source of Unavoidable Ions in Bornite Flotation Aqueous Solution:Fluid Inclusions[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2013,52(13):4895-4901.
[12]Wen S M,Liu J,Li B,et al.Zn Release from Fluid Inclusions in a Natural Sphalerite[J].Int.J.Miner.Metall.Mater.,2013,20(5):420-426.
[13]Deng J S,Wen S M,Wu D D,et al.Existence and Release of Fluid Inclusions in Bornite and Its Associated Quartz and Calcite[J].Int.J.Miner.Metall.Mater.,2013,20(9):815-822.
[14]Liu J,Wen S M,Wu D D,et al.Determination of the Concentrations of Calcium and Magnesium Released from Fluid Inclusions of Sphalerite and Quartz[J].Miner.Eng.,2013,45(3):41-43.
[15]Xian Y J,Nie Q,Wen S M,et al.Contribution of Components from Volume Defect in Natural Pyrite and Quartz to Solution Chemistry of Flotation Pulp[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2015,25(9):3119-3125.
[16]Finkelstein N P.The Activation of Sulphide Minerals for Flotation:A Review[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,1997,52(2/3):81-120.
[17]Gerson A R,Lange A G,Prince K E,et al.The Mechanism of Copper Activation of Sphalerite[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,1999,137(1/4):207-223.
[18]Buckley A N,Skinner W M,Harmer S L,et al.Examination of the Proposition that Cu(II)can be Required for Charge Neutrality in a Sulfide Lattice Cu in Tetrahedrites and Sphalerite[J].Can.J.Chem.,2007,85(10):767-781.
[19]余润兰,邱冠周,胡岳华,等.Cu2+活化铁闪锌矿的电化学[J].金属矿山,2004,(2):35-37.Yu R L,Qiu G Z,Hu Y H,et al.Electrochemistry of Copper Activation of Marmatite[J].Metal Mine,2004,(2):35-37.
[20]Chen Z,Yoon R H.Electrochemistry of Copper Activation of Sphalerite at p H 9.2[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,2000,58(1/4):57-66.
[21]Kartio I J,Basilio C I,Yoon R H.An XPS Study of Sphalerite Activation by Copper[J].Langmuir,1998,14(18):5274-5278.
[22]Prestidge C A,Thiel A G,Ralston J,et al.The Interaction of Ethyl Xanthate with Copper(II)-activated Zinc Sulphide:Kinetic Effects[J].Colloids Surf.,A,1994,85(1):51–68.
[23]Bicak O,Ekmekci Z.Prediction of Flotation Behavior of Sulphide Ores by Oxidation Index[J].Miner.Eng.,2012,S36/38(5):279-283.
[24]Ralston J,Healy T W.Activation of Zinc Sulphide with Cu(II),Cd(II),and Pb(II):I.Activation in Weakly Acidic Media[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,1980,7(3):175-201.
[25]Popov S R,Vu?ini?D R,Strojek J W,et al.Effect of Dissolved Lead Ions on the Ethylxanthate Adsorption on Sphalerite in Weakly Acidic Media[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,1989,27(1/2):51-62.
[26]Basilio C I,Kartio I J,Yoon R H.Lead Activation of Sphalerite during Galena Flotation[J].Miner.Eng.,1996,9(8):869-879.
[27]Pattrick R A D,Charnock J M,England K E R,et al.Lead Sorption on the Surface of Zn S with Relevance to Flotation:A Fluorescence Reflexafs Study[J].Miner.Eng.,1998,11(11):1025-1033.
[28]Sui C C,Lee D,Casuge A,et al.Comparison of the Activation of Sphalerite by Copper and Lead[J].Miner.Metall.Process.,1999,16(3):53-61.
[29]Popov S R,Vu?ini?D R,Ka?anik J V.Floatability and Adsorption of Ethyl Xanthate on Sphalerite in an Alkaline Medium in the Presence of Dissolved Lead Ions[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,1989,27(3/4):205-219.
[30]Trahar W J,Senior G D,Heyes G W,et al.The Activation of Sphalerite by Lead—A Flotation Perspective[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,1997,49(3/4):121-148.
[31]Rashchi F,Sui C,Finch J A.Sphalerite Activation and Surface Pb Ion Concentration[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,2002,67(1/4):43-58.
[32]Dávila-Pulido G I,Uribe-Salas A,álvarez-Silva M,et al.The Role of Calcium in Xanthate Adsorption onto Sphalerite[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,71:113-119.
[33]Zhang Q,Rao S R,Finch J A.Flotation of Sphalerite in the Presence of Iron Ions[J].Colloids Surf.,A,1992,66(2):81-89.
[34]Albrecht T W J,Addai-Mensah J,Fornasiero D.Critical Copper Concentration in Sphalerite Flotation:Effect of Temperature and Collector[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,2016,146:15-22.
[35]王云燕,柴立元,王庆伟,等.重金属离子(Zn2+,Cu2+Cd2+,Pb2+)-水系羟基合配离子配位平衡研究[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(E01):183-191.Wang Y Y,Chai L Y,Wang Q W,et al.Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Hydroxyl Complex Ions in Heavy Metals(Zn2+,Cu2+,Cd2+,Pb2+)-H2O System[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2008,18(E01):183-191.
[36]Chandra A P,Gerson A R.A Review of the Fundamental Studies of the Copper Activation Mechanisms for Selective Flotation of the Sulfide Minerals,Sphalerite and Pyrite[J].Adv.Colloid Interface Sci.,2009,145(1/2):97-110.
[37]Laajalehto K,Leppinen J,Kartio I,et al.XPS and FTIR Study of the Influence of Electrode Potential on Activation of Pyrite by Copper or Lead[J].Colloids Surf.,A,1999,154(1/2):193-199.
[38]Peng Y J,Wang B,Gerson A.The Effect of Electrochemical Potential on the Activation of Pyrite by Copper and Lead Ions during Grinding[J].Int.J.Miner.Process.,2012,102/103(2012):141-149.
[39]曾小钦.晶格缺陷对闪锌矿电子结构影响的第一性原理研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2009:76-77.Zeng X Q.Investigation on Electronic Structure of Sphalerite with Lattice Defects with the First Principle Theory[D]Nanning:Guangxi University,2009:76-77.
[40]Chen J H,Chen Y,Li Y Q.Quantum-mechanical Study of Effect of Lattice Defects on Surface Properties and Copper Activation of Sphalerite Surface[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(6):1121-1130.
[41]陈建华,陈晔,曾小钦,等.铁杂质对闪锌矿表面电子结构及活化影响的第一性原理研究[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(8):1517-1523.Chen J H,Chen Y,Zeng X Q,et al.First Principle Study of Effect of Fe Impurity on Electronic Structure and Activation of Sphalerite Surface[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,19(8):1517-1523.
[42]Tong X,Song S X,He J,et al.Activation of High-iron Marmatite in Froth Flotation by Ammoniacal Copper(II)Solution[J].Miner.Eng.,2007,20(3):259-263.
[43]Rashchi F,Finch J A.Deactivation of Pb-contaminated Sphalerite by Polyphosphate[J].Colloids Surf.,A,2006,276(1/3):87-94.
[44]Rashchi F,Finch J A,Sui C.Action of DETA,Dextrin and Carbonate on Lead-contaminated Sphalerite[J].Colloids Surf.,A,2004,245(1):21-27.
[45]Mu Y F,Peng Y J,Lauten R A.The Depression of Pyriteu in Selective Flotation by Different Reagent Systems?A Review[J].Miner.Eng.,2016,96/97:143-156.
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