网室内家蝇和红头丽蝇为洋葱雄性不育系授粉效果的比较
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摘要
以洋葱细胞质雄性不育系‘MS2016A’和自交系‘T609C’为试材,采用家蝇、红头丽蝇、人工和自然授粉方式,研究了网室内洋葱雄性不育系授粉效果,以期为提高洋葱F1种子产量和品质提供参考。结果表明:2种苍蝇的授粉行为相似,工作时长没有显著区别,在网室内的活动时间大约为7h,与洋葱小花开放时间基本吻合,单花停留时间为2～3s。与自然授粉相比较,苍蝇授粉显著提高杂交洋葱母本的结籽率、千粒质量和发芽率。与人工授粉相比较,苍蝇授粉仅显著提高结实率,千粒质量和发芽率无显著差异。家蝇与红头丽蝇授粉后的3项指标分别为80.98%、4.41g、88.43%和78.22%、4.45g、87.94%,差异不显著。家蝇传粉效率略优于红头丽蝇。
The Cytoplasmic male sterile line ‘MS2016 A’ and inbred line ‘T609 C’ of onion(Allium cepa L.)were taken as the test materials,the effects of different pollination methods on the production and quality of onion F1 seed in cages were studied,to provide reference for solving the problem of inadequate artificial pollination and low hybrid seed yields of caged onion.The pollination efficiencies of different pollination methods on caged onion were compared.Four pollination methods were applied as houseflies(Musca domestica)pollination,blowflies(Calliphora vicina)pollination,artificial pollination,and natural pollination.The results showed that the pollination behavior of two fly species,Musca domestica and Calliphora vicina,were similar.There was no significant difference in daily working time between two fly species.The activity time in net-house was 7 hours,which was coincident with the time of the onion florets flowering,while the single flower retention time was 2 to3 seconds.Compared with that of natural pollination,the seed setting rate per umbel,1 000-seed weight,and the germination rate of flies pollination increased significantly.The seed setting rate of umbel from artificial pollination were significantly less than those from the fly-pollination,but there was no significant difference in the germination rate and 1 000-seed weight between artificial and flies pollination.The seed-setting rate per umbel,1 000-seed weight,and the germination rate of caged onion cytoplasmic male sterile lines pollinated by houseflies and blowflies were 80.98%,4.41 g,88.43% and 78.22%,4.45 g,87.94%,respectively,which were no significant difference with each other.Housefly was a little bit better pollinator of caged onion than blowfly.
The Cytoplasmic male sterile line ‘MS2016 A’ and inbred line ‘T609 C’ of onion(Allium cepa L.)were taken as the test materials,the effects of different pollination methods on the production and quality of onion F1 seed in cages were studied,to provide reference for solving the problem of inadequate artificial pollination and low hybrid seed yields of caged onion.The pollination efficiencies of different pollination methods on caged onion were compared.Four pollination methods were applied as houseflies(Musca domestica)pollination,blowflies(Calliphora vicina)pollination,artificial pollination,and natural pollination.The results showed that the pollination behavior of two fly species,Musca domestica and Calliphora vicina,were similar.There was no significant difference in daily working time between two fly species.The activity time in net-house was 7 hours,which was coincident with the time of the onion florets flowering,while the single flower retention time was 2 to3 seconds.Compared with that of natural pollination,the seed setting rate per umbel,1 000-seed weight,and the germination rate of flies pollination increased significantly.The seed setting rate of umbel from artificial pollination were significantly less than those from the fly-pollination,but there was no significant difference in the germination rate and 1 000-seed weight between artificial and flies pollination.The seed-setting rate per umbel,1 000-seed weight,and the germination rate of caged onion cytoplasmic male sterile lines pollinated by houseflies and blowflies were 80.98%,4.41 g,88.43% and 78.22%,4.45 g,87.94%,respectively,which were no significant difference with each other.Housefly was a little bit better pollinator of caged onion than blowfly.
引文
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[21]CEBECI E,HANCI F.Male sterility applications in Allium[J].Acta Horticulturae,2016,1145:51-55.
[22]COLOMBO N,GALMARINI C.The use of genetic,manual and chemical methods to control pollination in vegetable hybrid seed production:A review[J].Plant Breed,2017,36:287-299.
[23]HAVEY M J.Diversity among male-sterility-inducing and male-fertile cytoplasms of onion[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2000,101:778-782.
[24]CURRAH L,OCKENDON D J.Protandry and the sequence of flower opening in the onion(Allium cepaL.)[J].New Phytologist,1978,81:419-428.
[25]MOFFETT J O.Pollinating experimental onion varieties[J].American Bee Journal,1965,105:378.
[26]BOHART G E,NYE W P,HAWTHORN L R.Onion pollination as affected by different levels of pollinator activity[J].Utah Agricultural Experiment Station,1970,482:1-60.
[27]CURRAH L,OCKENDON D J.Onion pollination by blowflies and honeybees in large cages[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1983,103(3):497-506.
[28]CURRAH L,OCKENDON D J.Pollination activity by blowflies and honeybees on onions in breeders′cages[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1984,105(1):167-176.
[29]SCHITTENHELM S,GLADIS T,RAO V R.Efficiency of various insects in germplasm regeneration of carrot,onion and turnip rape accession[J].Plant Breeding,1997,116(4):369-375.
[30]WALKER M K,HOWLETT B G,WALLACE A R,et al.The diversity and abundance of small arthropods in onion,Allium cepa,seed crops,and their potential role in pollination[J].Journal of Insect Science,2011(11):98.
[31]PATHAK C S.Hybrid seed production in onion[J].Journal of New Seeds,2000,1(3-4):89-108.
[32]SSYMANK A,KEARNS C A,PAPE T,et al.Pollinating flies(diptera):A major contribution to plant diversity and agricultural production[J].Biodiversity,2008,9(1-2):86-89.
[33]LARSON B M H,KEVAN P G,INOUYE D W.Flies and flowers:I.The taxonomic diversity of anthophiles and pollinators[J].Canadian Entomologist,2001,133(4):439-465.
[34]SILVA E M,DEAN B B,HILLER L.Patterns of floral nectar production of onion(Allium cepaL.)and the effects of environmental conditions[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2004,129:299-302.
[2]GOODWILLIE C,WEBER J J.The best of both worlds?Areview of delayed selfing in flowering plants[J].American Journal of Botany,2018,105(4):641-655.
[3]CUNNINGHAM S A,FITZGIBBON F,HEARD T A.The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2002,53:893-900.
[4]FREE J B.Insect Pollination crops[M].2nd edition.London,UK:Academic Press,1993:241-268.
[5]KUDO G.Landscape structure of flowering phenology in alpine ecosystems:Significance of plant-pollinator interactions and evolutionary aspects[M].Berlin:Springer,2016.
[6]MCMENAMIN A J,FLENNIKEN M L.Recently identified bee viruses and their impact on bee pollinators[J].Current Opinion in Insect Science,2018,26:120-129.
[7]赵乘凤,赵俊,李岩.甘蓝温室原种繁育蜜蜂授粉管理技术[J].农业技术与装备,2018,331(7):74-75.
[8]吴翠翠,李朋波,曹彩荣,等.棉花雄性不育系网室蜜蜂授粉技术研究[J].农学学报,2016,6(1):21-24.
[9]徐学忠,胡靖锋,杨红丽,等.蜜蜂授粉在白菜自交不亲和系种子繁殖上的应用研究[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(4):1641-1644.
[10]ORFORD K A,VAUGHAN I P,MEMMOTT J.The forgotten flies:The importance of non-syrphid Diptera as pollinators[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society,2015,282(1805):20142934.doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2934.
[11]TIUSANEN M,HEBERT P D N,SCHMIDT N M,et al.One fly to rule them all-muscid flies are the key pollinators in the Arctic[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society,2016,283(1839):20161271.doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1271.
[12]WAGNER J,LECHLEITNER M,HOSP D.Pollen limitation is not the rule in nival plants:a study from the European Central Alps[J].American Journal of Botany,2016,103(3):375-387.
[13]孟秋峰,王洁,任锡亮,等.家蝇辅助杂交茎瘤芥授粉关键技术[J].长江蔬菜,2017(19):21-22.
[14]张艳萍,陈源闽,李敬起,等.苍蝇授粉技术在胡萝卜育种中的应用研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013,41(2):36,72.
[15]徐维中,杜敏霞,刘燕,等.苍蝇辅助授粉在洋葱隔离采种中的应用研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,2015,43(1):71-72.
[16]CLEMENT S L,HELLIER B C,ELBERSON L R,et al.Flies(Diptera:Muscidae:Calliphoridae)are efficient pollinators of Allium ampeloprasum L.(Alliaceae)in field cages[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2007,100(1):131-135.
[17]SOTO V C,CASELLES C A,SILVA M F,et al.Onion Hybrid Seed Production:Relation with nectar composition and flower traits[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2018,111(3):1023-1029.
[18]SAEED S,SAJJAD A,KWONO,et al.Fidelity of Hymenoptera and Diptera pollinators in onion(Allium cepa L.)pollination[J].Entomological Research,2008,38(4):276-280.
[19]TESHIKA J D,ZAKARIYYAH A M,TOORABALLY Z,et al.Traditional and modern uses of onion bulb(Allium cepa L.):A systematic review[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2018,24:1-75.
[20]SIDHU A S,BAL S S,RANI M.Current trends in onion breeding[J].Journal of New Seeds,2004,6(2-3):223-245.
[21]CEBECI E,HANCI F.Male sterility applications in Allium[J].Acta Horticulturae,2016,1145:51-55.
[22]COLOMBO N,GALMARINI C.The use of genetic,manual and chemical methods to control pollination in vegetable hybrid seed production:A review[J].Plant Breed,2017,36:287-299.
[23]HAVEY M J.Diversity among male-sterility-inducing and male-fertile cytoplasms of onion[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2000,101:778-782.
[24]CURRAH L,OCKENDON D J.Protandry and the sequence of flower opening in the onion(Allium cepaL.)[J].New Phytologist,1978,81:419-428.
[25]MOFFETT J O.Pollinating experimental onion varieties[J].American Bee Journal,1965,105:378.
[26]BOHART G E,NYE W P,HAWTHORN L R.Onion pollination as affected by different levels of pollinator activity[J].Utah Agricultural Experiment Station,1970,482:1-60.
[27]CURRAH L,OCKENDON D J.Onion pollination by blowflies and honeybees in large cages[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1983,103(3):497-506.
[28]CURRAH L,OCKENDON D J.Pollination activity by blowflies and honeybees on onions in breeders′cages[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1984,105(1):167-176.
[29]SCHITTENHELM S,GLADIS T,RAO V R.Efficiency of various insects in germplasm regeneration of carrot,onion and turnip rape accession[J].Plant Breeding,1997,116(4):369-375.
[30]WALKER M K,HOWLETT B G,WALLACE A R,et al.The diversity and abundance of small arthropods in onion,Allium cepa,seed crops,and their potential role in pollination[J].Journal of Insect Science,2011(11):98.
[31]PATHAK C S.Hybrid seed production in onion[J].Journal of New Seeds,2000,1(3-4):89-108.
[32]SSYMANK A,KEARNS C A,PAPE T,et al.Pollinating flies(diptera):A major contribution to plant diversity and agricultural production[J].Biodiversity,2008,9(1-2):86-89.
[33]LARSON B M H,KEVAN P G,INOUYE D W.Flies and flowers:I.The taxonomic diversity of anthophiles and pollinators[J].Canadian Entomologist,2001,133(4):439-465.
[34]SILVA E M,DEAN B B,HILLER L.Patterns of floral nectar production of onion(Allium cepaL.)and the effects of environmental conditions[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2004,129:299-302.