我国苜蓿害虫种类及研究现状
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摘要
苜蓿是我国栽培最为广泛的重要优质牧草,虫害是限制苜蓿产量及品质的重要因素之一。本研究全面调查了CNKI数据库中自1980年以来我国苜蓿害虫的研究论文,整理出了目前我国已报道的苜蓿害虫名录,并对所有文献内容进行了深入分析。结果表明,目前我国报道的苜蓿害虫共计297种,隶属于8个目48个科,其中研究较多的是草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii)、苜蓿夜蛾(Heliothis olipsacea)和牛角花齿蓟马(Odontothrips loti)5种害虫。自1980年以来,CNKI中收录的苜蓿害虫相关文献共计226篇,其中博士学位论文2篇,硕士学位论文40篇,期刊论文184篇。研究内容涉及生物生态学特性、防治、种类和多样性调查、种群动态与群落结构以及生物化学与分子生物学5个方面,其中前两者的研究较多,而后者较少。笔者建议今后苜蓿害虫研究应加强以下几个方面:1)继续开展苜蓿害虫种类调查,明确各大苜蓿种植区的关键害虫;2)加强苜蓿害虫基础生物生态学特性研究;3)推进苜蓿害虫的分子生物学研究;4)建立苜蓿害虫综合管理技术体系。
Alfalfa is a high quality forage grass widely cultivated in China.Insect pests have been becoming one of the most important factors that limited alfalfa's yield and quality.In this study,research papers of alfalfa insect pests published since 1980 were obtained by searching the CNKI database,and the catalogue of alfalfa insect pests has been listed out by analyzing all these articles in detail.Results showed that a total of 297 species belonging to 48 families of 8orders had been reported in China,among which the most extensively studied were Loxostegesticticalis,Acyrthosiphon pisum,Therioaphis trifolii,Heliothis dipsacea and Odontothrips loti.A total of 226 studies are related to alfalfa insect pests,including 2PhD dissertations,40 master dissertations and 184 journal articles.All these studies involved bioecology characteristics,control,species and diversity survey,population dynamics and community structure,as well as biochemistry and molecular biology.Among them,the first two were the most studied,whereas the last was the least.For the future prospects of alfalfa insect pest studies,the suggest that it is necessary:1)to further investigate species diversity of alfalfa insect pests,and determine key pests occurred in each alfalfa planting region;2)to enhance bioecology characteristics study;3)to promote biochemistry and molecular biology study;4)to establish integrated pest management system for alfalfa insect pests.
Alfalfa is a high quality forage grass widely cultivated in China.Insect pests have been becoming one of the most important factors that limited alfalfa's yield and quality.In this study,research papers of alfalfa insect pests published since 1980 were obtained by searching the CNKI database,and the catalogue of alfalfa insect pests has been listed out by analyzing all these articles in detail.Results showed that a total of 297 species belonging to 48 families of 8orders had been reported in China,among which the most extensively studied were Loxostegesticticalis,Acyrthosiphon pisum,Therioaphis trifolii,Heliothis dipsacea and Odontothrips loti.A total of 226 studies are related to alfalfa insect pests,including 2PhD dissertations,40 master dissertations and 184 journal articles.All these studies involved bioecology characteristics,control,species and diversity survey,population dynamics and community structure,as well as biochemistry and molecular biology.Among them,the first two were the most studied,whereas the last was the least.For the future prospects of alfalfa insect pest studies,the suggest that it is necessary:1)to further investigate species diversity of alfalfa insect pests,and determine key pests occurred in each alfalfa planting region;2)to enhance bioecology characteristics study;3)to promote biochemistry and molecular biology study;4)to establish integrated pest management system for alfalfa insect pests.
引文
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