乡村振兴战略背景下农村宅基地“三权分置”的障碍与破解
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摘要
我国农村宅基地所有制形式经过三次制度变迁,才形成现有的宅基地所有权与使用权相分离的"二元"权能结构。当前,学术界普遍认为,法律赋予宅基地所有权和使用权的权能不完整,从而束缚农村宅基地使用权的流转。《实施乡村振兴战略的意见》提出的宅基地"三权分置"着眼于农村现代化改革的需要,促进宅基地所有权的权能结构从"二元"向"三元"转变,而宅基地"三权分置"的实施遇到"资格权"创设法理依据不足、农民享有处分权能的问题存疑、法律制度的不完善等诸多困局,通过宅基地"资格权"的具体化、"三权"权能结构优化、法律制度的完善等方式,方可有效促成农村宅基地所有制改革的完成。
After the three institutional changes,the ownership form of rural homestead in China has formed the"two yuan"power structure separated from the homestead ownership and the right of use.At present,the academic circles generally believe that the law endows the homestead ownership and the right of use is incomplete,and the incompleteness of power is an important reason for restricting the circulation of the right to use of rural homestead.The"three rights division"of homestead proposed by the Rural Revitalization Strategy is focus on the need for the reform of rural modernization,which means that the power structure of the homestead ownership will change from "two yuan"to"three yuan".And the implementation of the"three rights division"of the homestead has the difficulties of the lack of legal basis for the creation of"right of qualification",the problems of the farmers' right to disposition,the imperfect legal system and so on.Through the concretion of the"right of qualification"of the homestead,the optimization of the"three rights"power structure and the perfection of the legal system,it can effectively promote the completion of the reform of the ownership of the rural homestead.
After the three institutional changes,the ownership form of rural homestead in China has formed the"two yuan"power structure separated from the homestead ownership and the right of use.At present,the academic circles generally believe that the law endows the homestead ownership and the right of use is incomplete,and the incompleteness of power is an important reason for restricting the circulation of the right to use of rural homestead.The"three rights division"of homestead proposed by the Rural Revitalization Strategy is focus on the need for the reform of rural modernization,which means that the power structure of the homestead ownership will change from "two yuan"to"three yuan".And the implementation of the"three rights division"of the homestead has the difficulties of the lack of legal basis for the creation of"right of qualification",the problems of the farmers' right to disposition,the imperfect legal system and so on.Through the concretion of the"right of qualification"of the homestead,the optimization of the"three rights"power structure and the perfection of the legal system,it can effectively promote the completion of the reform of the ownership of the rural homestead.
引文
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[24]钱水苗.环境法调整对象的应然与实然[J].中国法学,2003(3):25-33.
[25]田士永.出卖人处分权问题研究[J].政法论坛,2003(6):93-100.
[2]王利明,周友军.论我国农村土地权利制度的完善[J].中国法学,2012(1):45-54.
[3]王崇敏.宅基地使用权制度现代化构建[M].北京:法律出版社,2016.
[4]陈小君,蒋省三.宅基地使用制度:规范解析、实践挑战及其立法回应[J].管理世界,2010(10):1-12.
[5]郑尚元.宅基地使用权性质及农民居住权利之保障[J].中国法学,2014(2):142-157.
[6]邓大才.中国农村产权变迁与经验——来自国家治理视角下的启示[J].中国社会科学,2017(1):64-67.
[7]由嵘.日耳曼法简介[M].北京:法律出版社,1987:49.
[8]韩松.农民集体土地所有权的权能[J].法学研究,2014(6):63-79.
[9]陈胜祥.农地“三权”分置的路径选择[J].中国土地科学,2017(2):22-57.
[10]李凤章,李卓丽.农村宅基地使用权身份化困境之破解——以物权和成员权的分离为视角[J].法学杂志,2018(3):68-76.
[11]韩康,肖钢.积极探索建立有中国特色的农村宅基地市场[J].理论前沿,2008(13):5-9.
[12]陈小君.我国农民集体成员权的立法抉择[J].清华法学,2017(2):46-55.
[13]王立彬.增加农民的财产性收入、促进乡村振兴——我国将探索农村宅基地的“三权分置”[N].农民日报,2018-01-16(01).
[14]陈红霞,赵振宇,李俊乐.农村宅基地使用权流转实践与探索——基于宁波市的分析[J].农业现代化研究,2016(1):96-101.
[15]纪秋发.中国新生代农民工市民化意愿与障碍研究综述[J].北京青年研究,2018(1):51-60.
[16]潘子璇.《中国流动人口发展报告2017》:我国流动人口规模为2.45亿人总量连续两年下降[EB/OL].(2017-11-10)[2017-12-08].新民晚报,http://shanghai.xinmin.cn/xmsq/2017/11/10/31332612.html.
[17]刘琼,杜晓航,盛业旭.基于阶段对比的中国人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调关系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(1):26-34.
[18]肖卫东,梁春梅.农村土地“三权分置”的内涵、基本要义及权利关系[J].中国农村经济,2016(11):17-29.
[19]习近平提出“逆城镇化”深意何在?[EB/OL].(2018-03-07)[2018-03-25].http://news.sina.com.cn/china/xlxw/2018-03-07/doc-ifxpwyhv6467302.shtml.
[20] E·博登海默.法理学——法律哲学与法律方法[M].邓正来,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004.
[21]马俊驹,童列春.私法中身份的再发现[J].法学研究,2008(5):74-85.
[22]黑格尔.法哲学原理[M].范扬,张企泰,译.北京:商务印书馆,1961:199-200.
[23]谷春德.西方法律思想史[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004:223-241.
[24]钱水苗.环境法调整对象的应然与实然[J].中国法学,2003(3):25-33.
[25]田士永.出卖人处分权问题研究[J].政法论坛,2003(6):93-100.