驱油剂对三元复合驱含油污水中油滴稳定性的影响
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摘要
三元复合驱技术已在大庆油田成功进行工业化应用。三元复合驱含油污水中由于含有残余的化学药剂,导致其很难处理,从而限制了三元复合驱技术的推广。本文首先采用室内实验制备模拟三元复合驱含油污水,然后通过沉降实验研究驱油剂对油滴稳定性的影响,最后结合驱油剂对油水界面张力、油滴Zeta电位、油滴粒径大小的影响来阐释驱油剂对油滴稳定性的作用机制。结果表明:油滴的稳定性随着NaOH浓度的增大先增大后减小,当NaOH浓度由0增大到400mg/L时,NaOH与原油中的酸性物质反应生成表面活性剂增强油滴的稳定性;当NaOH浓度大于400mg/L时,NaOH本身作为电解质压缩双电层,使油滴的稳定性减小。油滴的稳定性随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大,这是因为表面活性剂可以吸附在油滴表面,使油水界面张力减小,同时增大油滴表面的Zeta电位,从而使油滴的稳定性增强。油滴的稳定性随着聚合物浓度的增大先减小后增大,当聚合物的浓度小于300mg/L时,聚合物的桥接、絮凝作用起主导作用,聚合物分子可以吸附到油滴表面,将油滴连接到一起,同时聚合物分子可以压缩液滴表面的双电层,从而有利于油滴的聚结;当聚合物的浓度大于300mg/L时,体系的黏度增大,油滴的运动速度减小,此时聚合物分子占满油滴表面,表现出空间位阻作用,从而使油滴的稳定性增强,不利于油滴的聚结。
Alkali/surfactant/polymer(ASP) flooding technology has been used successfully in the Daqing oilfield, but the water produced from ASP flooding is difficult to treat due to the existence of oil displacement agents, which restricts the promotion of ASP flooding technology. The simulated ASP flooding produced water was prepared in the lab; then the effect of displacement agent on oil dropletsstability was studied by settling experiment; the effect of oil displacement agent on oil-water interfacial tension,Zeta potential and oil droplet size explained the mechanism of the oil displacement agent on the stability of the oil droplet.The simulation experiment results showed that the stability of oil droplets increased first and then decreased with increasing NaOH concentration.When the NaOH concentration was increased from 0 to 400mg/L,NaOH reacted with acidic substances in the crude oil to form surfactant that enhanced the stability of the oil droplets.When the concentration of NaOH was greater than 400mg/L,NaOH itself acted as an electrolyte to compress the double layer,reducing the stability of the oil droplets.The stability of the oil droplets increased with the increase of the surfactant concentration,due to the surfactant absorbed on the surface of oil droplets,which could reduce the interfacial tension and increase the Zeta potential of oil droplets,so that the stability of oil droplets increased.The stability of oil droplets first decreased and then increased with the increase of polymer concentration.When the concentration of the polymer is less than 300mg/L,the bridging and flocculation of the polymer plays a leading role.The polymer molecules can absorb on the surface of the oil droplets and link the oil droplets together.At the same time,the polymer can compress the double layer of the surface of the droplet,which is beneficial to the coalescence of the oil droplets.The viscosity of the system increases and the movement speed of the oil droplets decreases when the concentration of the polymer is greater than 300mg/L.At the same time,the polymer molecules occupy the surface of the oil droplets,showing the steric hindrance,which makes the stability of the oil droplets increase and is not conducive to the coalescence of oil drops.
Alkali/surfactant/polymer(ASP) flooding technology has been used successfully in the Daqing oilfield, but the water produced from ASP flooding is difficult to treat due to the existence of oil displacement agents, which restricts the promotion of ASP flooding technology. The simulated ASP flooding produced water was prepared in the lab; then the effect of displacement agent on oil dropletsstability was studied by settling experiment; the effect of oil displacement agent on oil-water interfacial tension,Zeta potential and oil droplet size explained the mechanism of the oil displacement agent on the stability of the oil droplet.The simulation experiment results showed that the stability of oil droplets increased first and then decreased with increasing NaOH concentration.When the NaOH concentration was increased from 0 to 400mg/L,NaOH reacted with acidic substances in the crude oil to form surfactant that enhanced the stability of the oil droplets.When the concentration of NaOH was greater than 400mg/L,NaOH itself acted as an electrolyte to compress the double layer,reducing the stability of the oil droplets.The stability of the oil droplets increased with the increase of the surfactant concentration,due to the surfactant absorbed on the surface of oil droplets,which could reduce the interfacial tension and increase the Zeta potential of oil droplets,so that the stability of oil droplets increased.The stability of oil droplets first decreased and then increased with the increase of polymer concentration.When the concentration of the polymer is less than 300mg/L,the bridging and flocculation of the polymer plays a leading role.The polymer molecules can absorb on the surface of the oil droplets and link the oil droplets together.At the same time,the polymer can compress the double layer of the surface of the droplet,which is beneficial to the coalescence of the oil droplets.The viscosity of the system increases and the movement speed of the oil droplets decreases when the concentration of the polymer is greater than 300mg/L.At the same time,the polymer molecules occupy the surface of the oil droplets,showing the steric hindrance,which makes the stability of the oil droplets increase and is not conducive to the coalescence of oil drops.
引文
[1] WANG D M, ZHANG Z H, CHENG J C, et al. Pilot test of alkalisurfactant polymer flooding in Daqing oil field[J]. SPE ReservoirEngineering, 1996, 12(4):657-670.
[2] WANG D M, CHENG J C, WU J Z, et al. Summary of ASP pilots inDaqing oil field[C]. Houston:The Society of Petroleum Engineering,1999:1-14.
[3]程杰成,王德民,李群,等.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验动态特征[J].石油学报, 2002, 23(6):37-40.CHENG Jiecheng, WANG Demin, LI Qun, et al. Field testperformance of alkali surfactant polymer flooding in Daqing oil field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2002, 23(6):37-40.
[4]程杰成,吴军政,胡俊卿,等.三元复合驱提高原油采收率关键理论与技术[J].石油学报, 2014, 35(2):310-318.CHENG Jiecheng, WU Junzheng, HU Junqing, et al. Key theories andtechnologies for enhanced oil recovery of alkali/surfactant/polymerflooding[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2):310-318.
[5]程杰成,吴军政,吴迪.三元复合驱油技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2013.CHENG Jiecheng, WU Junzheng, WU Di.Alkali/surfactant/polymerflooding technology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2013.
[6] DENG S B, BAI R B, CHEN J P, et al. Effects of alkaline/surfactant/polymer on stability of oil droplets in produced water from ASP flooding[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects, 2002, 211(2/3):275-284.
[7] DENG S B, YU G, JIANG Z P, et al. Destabilization of oil droplets inproduced water from ASP flooding[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2005, 252:113-119.
[8] KANG W L, LIU Y, QI B Y, et al. Interactions between alkali/surfactant/polymer and their effects on emulsion stability[J]. Colloidsand Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2000, 175(1/2):243-247.
[9] WANG B, WU T, LI Y J, et al. The effects of oil displacement agentson the stability of water produced from ASP(alkaline/surfactant/polymer)flooding[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical andEngineering Aspects, 2011, 379:121-126.
[10] GAO R T, LI F, LI Y J, et al. Effective removal of emulsified oil fromoily wastewater using in-situ generated metallic hydroxides fromleaching solution of white mud[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017, 309:513-521.
[11]康万利,单秀华,李媛,等.三元复合驱污水动力学稳定性机理研究[J].石油与天然气化工, 2011, 40(6):628-631.KANG Wanli, SHAN Xiuhua, LI Yuan, et al. Study of kinetic stabilitymechanism for ASP flooding sewage[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas, 2011, 40(6):628-631.
[12]康万利,岳湘安,胡靖邦.复合驱原油乳状液液膜强度[J].油气田地面工程, 1996, 15(3):32-34.KANG Wanli, YU Xiangan, HU Jingbang.Liquid membrane intensityin complex drive crude emulsion liquid[J]. Oil-Gas Field SurfaceEmgineering, 1996, 15(3):32-34.
[13]杨付林,陈庆海,李俊刚,等. ASP三元复合驱污水中三元组分对液膜强度的影响[J].石油与天然气化工, 2002, 31(2):93-95.YANG Fulin, CHEN Qinghai, LI Jungang, et al. Strength of water filmof the ASP-flooding producing sewage influenced by chemical agent[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas, 2002, 31(2):93-95.
[14]赵秋实.三元复合驱含油污水的处理工艺[J].油气田地面工程,2013, 32(6):68-69.ZHAO Qiushi.Treatment process of ASP flooding produced water[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Emgineering, 2013, 32(6):68-69.
[15]赵秋实,徐德会,史海霞.序批式沉降+过滤工艺处理强碱三元含油污水适应性分析[J].油气田地面工程, 2018, 37(1):23-26.ZHAO Qiushi, XU Dehui, SHI Haixia. Adaptability study on thesequencing batch sedimentation and filtration process for treatingstrong alkali surfactant polymer produced water[J]. Oil-Gas FieldSurface Engineering, 2018, 37(1):23-26.
[16]黄斌,张威,王莹莹,等.陶瓷膜过滤技术在油田含油污水中的应用研究进展[J].化工进展, 2017, 36(5):1890-1898.HUANG Bin, ZHANG Wei, WANG Yingying, et al.Application andresearch progress of ceramic membrane filtration technology in thetreatment of oily wastewater in oil field[J]. Chemical Industry andEngineering Progress, 2017, 36(5):1890-1898.
[17] ZHANG B, YU S L, ZHU Y B, et al. Application of apolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)flat membrane for the treatment of pre-treated ASP flooding produced water in a Daqing oilfield[J]. RSCAdvances, 2016, 6(67):62411-62419.
[18] XU J, MA C, SUN Y, et al. Advanced treatment of produced water fromASP(alkali/surfactant/polymer)flooding with polyethersulfone UFmembrane for reinjection[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2017,61:42-49.
[19] LI F, HE W W, SUN D J, et al. Effect of sodium-montmorilloniteparticles on the stability of oil droplets in produced water from alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015,104:468-474.
[20]王方林.强碱体系三元复合驱含油污水油水分离特性及处理技术研究[D].上海:上海交通大学, 2007.WANG Fanglin. Research on oil/water separation specialities anddisposal technologies in ASP flooding produced water[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2007.
[21] NGUYEN D, SADEGHI N. Stable emulsion and demulsification inchemical EOR flooding:challenges and best practices[C]//SPE EORConference at Oil and Gas West Asia held in Muscat, Oman, 16-18,April, 2012.
[2] WANG D M, CHENG J C, WU J Z, et al. Summary of ASP pilots inDaqing oil field[C]. Houston:The Society of Petroleum Engineering,1999:1-14.
[3]程杰成,王德民,李群,等.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验动态特征[J].石油学报, 2002, 23(6):37-40.CHENG Jiecheng, WANG Demin, LI Qun, et al. Field testperformance of alkali surfactant polymer flooding in Daqing oil field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2002, 23(6):37-40.
[4]程杰成,吴军政,胡俊卿,等.三元复合驱提高原油采收率关键理论与技术[J].石油学报, 2014, 35(2):310-318.CHENG Jiecheng, WU Junzheng, HU Junqing, et al. Key theories andtechnologies for enhanced oil recovery of alkali/surfactant/polymerflooding[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2):310-318.
[5]程杰成,吴军政,吴迪.三元复合驱油技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2013.CHENG Jiecheng, WU Junzheng, WU Di.Alkali/surfactant/polymerflooding technology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2013.
[6] DENG S B, BAI R B, CHEN J P, et al. Effects of alkaline/surfactant/polymer on stability of oil droplets in produced water from ASP flooding[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects, 2002, 211(2/3):275-284.
[7] DENG S B, YU G, JIANG Z P, et al. Destabilization of oil droplets inproduced water from ASP flooding[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2005, 252:113-119.
[8] KANG W L, LIU Y, QI B Y, et al. Interactions between alkali/surfactant/polymer and their effects on emulsion stability[J]. Colloidsand Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2000, 175(1/2):243-247.
[9] WANG B, WU T, LI Y J, et al. The effects of oil displacement agentson the stability of water produced from ASP(alkaline/surfactant/polymer)flooding[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical andEngineering Aspects, 2011, 379:121-126.
[10] GAO R T, LI F, LI Y J, et al. Effective removal of emulsified oil fromoily wastewater using in-situ generated metallic hydroxides fromleaching solution of white mud[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017, 309:513-521.
[11]康万利,单秀华,李媛,等.三元复合驱污水动力学稳定性机理研究[J].石油与天然气化工, 2011, 40(6):628-631.KANG Wanli, SHAN Xiuhua, LI Yuan, et al. Study of kinetic stabilitymechanism for ASP flooding sewage[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas, 2011, 40(6):628-631.
[12]康万利,岳湘安,胡靖邦.复合驱原油乳状液液膜强度[J].油气田地面工程, 1996, 15(3):32-34.KANG Wanli, YU Xiangan, HU Jingbang.Liquid membrane intensityin complex drive crude emulsion liquid[J]. Oil-Gas Field SurfaceEmgineering, 1996, 15(3):32-34.
[13]杨付林,陈庆海,李俊刚,等. ASP三元复合驱污水中三元组分对液膜强度的影响[J].石油与天然气化工, 2002, 31(2):93-95.YANG Fulin, CHEN Qinghai, LI Jungang, et al. Strength of water filmof the ASP-flooding producing sewage influenced by chemical agent[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas, 2002, 31(2):93-95.
[14]赵秋实.三元复合驱含油污水的处理工艺[J].油气田地面工程,2013, 32(6):68-69.ZHAO Qiushi.Treatment process of ASP flooding produced water[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Emgineering, 2013, 32(6):68-69.
[15]赵秋实,徐德会,史海霞.序批式沉降+过滤工艺处理强碱三元含油污水适应性分析[J].油气田地面工程, 2018, 37(1):23-26.ZHAO Qiushi, XU Dehui, SHI Haixia. Adaptability study on thesequencing batch sedimentation and filtration process for treatingstrong alkali surfactant polymer produced water[J]. Oil-Gas FieldSurface Engineering, 2018, 37(1):23-26.
[16]黄斌,张威,王莹莹,等.陶瓷膜过滤技术在油田含油污水中的应用研究进展[J].化工进展, 2017, 36(5):1890-1898.HUANG Bin, ZHANG Wei, WANG Yingying, et al.Application andresearch progress of ceramic membrane filtration technology in thetreatment of oily wastewater in oil field[J]. Chemical Industry andEngineering Progress, 2017, 36(5):1890-1898.
[17] ZHANG B, YU S L, ZHU Y B, et al. Application of apolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)flat membrane for the treatment of pre-treated ASP flooding produced water in a Daqing oilfield[J]. RSCAdvances, 2016, 6(67):62411-62419.
[18] XU J, MA C, SUN Y, et al. Advanced treatment of produced water fromASP(alkali/surfactant/polymer)flooding with polyethersulfone UFmembrane for reinjection[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2017,61:42-49.
[19] LI F, HE W W, SUN D J, et al. Effect of sodium-montmorilloniteparticles on the stability of oil droplets in produced water from alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015,104:468-474.
[20]王方林.强碱体系三元复合驱含油污水油水分离特性及处理技术研究[D].上海:上海交通大学, 2007.WANG Fanglin. Research on oil/water separation specialities anddisposal technologies in ASP flooding produced water[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2007.
[21] NGUYEN D, SADEGHI N. Stable emulsion and demulsification inchemical EOR flooding:challenges and best practices[C]//SPE EORConference at Oil and Gas West Asia held in Muscat, Oman, 16-18,April, 2012.