我国低阶煤热解提质技术现状及研究进展
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摘要
我国低阶煤资源相对丰富,其热解提质技术具有多样性。直立炉技术虽然操作简单、装置处理量大,但资源利用效率相对低、环境友好性差。基于固体热载体的提质技术,采用混合机械,不需流化气,粗煤气质量好,但存在热量难以快速传递、运动元件高温磨损以及工业大型化困难等难题;基于移动床热解的多联产技术,过程不需大量流化气,气体带出物少,后续净化处理简单,但炉内物料混合较差,温度不均匀,焦油产率较低;基于流化床热解的多联产技术,炉内物料混合均匀,温度分布匀称,传热速率高,热解强度较大,便于大型化,但需要大量流化气,热解煤气被稀释,降低了煤气品质,增大了后续净化的复杂性和动力消耗。下行流化床具有无需流化气、接触时间短、反应迅速、可以灵活调整气固比或固固比等优势,但存在气固和固固快速混合不均匀、分离效率低和油中带灰等问题。随着热解技术的改进与优化,最终实现热解提质装置的长周期、安全稳定、环保无污染、高效节能运行。
Low rank coal resources are relatively abundant in China,and its pyrolysis upgrading technologies are diversified.Although the vertical furnace technology has advantages of simple operation and large process-ing capacity,its resource utilization efficiency is relatively low and environmental friendliness is poor.The upgrading technology based on solid heat carrier adopts mixing machine,no fluidizing gas is required,and the quality of crude-gas is good,but there are some problems such as difficulty in rapid heat transfer,high temperature wear of moving parts and difficulty in industrialization.The poly-generation technology based on mov-ing bed pyrolysis does not require a large amount of fluidizing gas,the gas entrainment is less,and the subsequent purification treatment is simple,but it has disadvantages of poor material mixing in furnace,non-uniform temperature distribution and low tar yield.The poly-generation technology based on fluidized bed pyroly-sis has even material mixing in furnace,uniform temperature distribution,high heat transfer rate,high pyrolysis strength and easy industrialization,but a large amount of fluidizing gas is required,and the pyrolysis gas is diluted,reducing the gas quality and increasing the complexity and power consumption of the subsequent purification.The downstream fluidized bed has advantages of no fluidizing gas required,short contact time,rapid reaction and flexible adjustment of gas-solid ratio or solid-solid ratio,but there are problems including uneven rapid mixing of gas-solid and solid-solid,low separation efficiency and ash in oil.With the improvement and optimization of pyrolysis technologies,the long-term,safe,stable,environmentally friendly,pollution-free and energy-efficient operation of pyrolysis upgrading unit is finally achieved.
Low rank coal resources are relatively abundant in China,and its pyrolysis upgrading technologies are diversified.Although the vertical furnace technology has advantages of simple operation and large process-ing capacity,its resource utilization efficiency is relatively low and environmental friendliness is poor.The upgrading technology based on solid heat carrier adopts mixing machine,no fluidizing gas is required,and the quality of crude-gas is good,but there are some problems such as difficulty in rapid heat transfer,high temperature wear of moving parts and difficulty in industrialization.The poly-generation technology based on mov-ing bed pyrolysis does not require a large amount of fluidizing gas,the gas entrainment is less,and the subsequent purification treatment is simple,but it has disadvantages of poor material mixing in furnace,non-uniform temperature distribution and low tar yield.The poly-generation technology based on fluidized bed pyroly-sis has even material mixing in furnace,uniform temperature distribution,high heat transfer rate,high pyrolysis strength and easy industrialization,but a large amount of fluidizing gas is required,and the pyrolysis gas is diluted,reducing the gas quality and increasing the complexity and power consumption of the subsequent purification.The downstream fluidized bed has advantages of no fluidizing gas required,short contact time,rapid reaction and flexible adjustment of gas-solid ratio or solid-solid ratio,but there are problems including uneven rapid mixing of gas-solid and solid-solid,low separation efficiency and ash in oil.With the improvement and optimization of pyrolysis technologies,the long-term,safe,stable,environmentally friendly,pollution-free and energy-efficient operation of pyrolysis upgrading unit is finally achieved.
引文
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[2]谢克昌.高碳能源要低碳化利用[J].山西能源与节能,2010(4):1-4.
[3]贺永德.现代煤化工手册第二版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[4]王丽丽,李念慈.RNZL煤干馏直立炉的技术特点与应用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2015(2):48-49,80.
[5]王丽丽,李念慈.一种大型内热式煤干馏直立炉的开发与应用[C]//中国炼焦行业协会成立二十周年庆祝大会暨2014年六届二次理事大会论文集,武汉,2014.
[6]孙建新,黄诚,段永宏.SJ型干馏方炉在窑街油页岩炼油技术领域的开发与应用[J].中外能源,2010,15(12):80-83.
[7]刘思明.低阶煤热解提质技术发展现状及趋势研究[J].化学工业,2013,31(1):7-13.
[8]刘佳,张兴.低阶煤分质转化多联产技术的工业化进程[J].山西化工,2016,36(5):53-56,61.
[9]曾凡虎,陈钢,李泽海,等.我国低阶煤热解提质技术进展[J].化肥设计,2013,51(2):1-7.
[10]米全勇.MWH外热式直立炉出焦方式的改造设计[J].科技创新与生产力,2012,(11):75-76.
[11]辛文辉.年产90万吨兰炭厂清洁生产工艺设计和开发[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.
[12]郭树才.褐煤新法干馏[J].煤化工,2000(3):6-8.
[13]郭树才.年轻煤固体热载体低温干馏[J].煤炭转化,1998(3):57-60.
[14]郭树才,罗长齐,张代佳,等.褐煤固体热载体干馏新技术工业性试验[J].大连理工大学学报,1995,35(1):46-50.
[15]郭树才.煤化工工艺学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[16]陈钢,黄学群.LCC低阶煤转化提质技术的开发与应用[J].化肥设计,2011,49(5):7-11.
[17]张慧荣,张永发.美国LFC和ACCP褐煤提质工艺概述[J].能源与节能,2011(2):71-74.
[18]王岩,裴贤丰,张飏,等.褐煤成型技术研究现状[J].洁净煤技术,2013,19(1):57-60,71.
[19]岑建孟,方梦祥,王勤辉,等.煤分级利用多联产技术及其发展前景[J].化工进展,2011,30(1):88-94.
[20]刘光启.我国煤炭热解技术研究进展[C]//2007年国际现代化工技术论坛论文集,苏州,2007.
[21]田帅.国内外褐煤热解技术的应用及发展[J].山东工业技术,2015(7):74.
[22]方梦祥,骆仲泱,王勤辉,等.循环流化床热电气三联产装置的开发和应用前景分析[J].动力工程,1997,17(4):21-27.
[23]李宝太.浅谈煤低温热解技术的选择[J].山东化工,2014,43(2):95-98.
[24]刘光启,邓蜀平,钱新荣,等.我国煤炭热解技术研究进展[J].现代化工,2007,27(11):37-43.
[25]关珺,何德民,张秋民.褐煤热解提质技术与多联产构想[C]//2012年中国煤化工技术、市场、信息交流会论文集,成都,2012.
[26]姚建中,郭慕孙.煤炭拔头提取液体燃料新工艺[J].化学进展,1995,7(3):205-208.
[27]罗鹏,严明,贾智刚.我国褐煤热解技术现状及发展趋势[J].广州化工,2013,41(16):32-34.
[28]王杰广,吕雪松,姚建中,等.下行床煤拔头工艺的产品产率分布和液体组成[J].过程工程学报,2005,5(3):241-245.
[29]田原宇,乔英云,史伟伟.低阶煤下行循环流化床热解提质工艺:中国,201210465685,8[P].2013-03-20.
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