太湖水生植物研究进展
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摘要
自20世纪60年代以来,由于生境变化和人类活动干扰,太湖水生植物种类逐渐减少,已有伊乐藻(Elodeanuttallii)、水盾草(Cabomba caroliniana)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)3种外来迁入物种出现;1960～2014年期间,太湖水生植物总生物量呈现单峰型变化,挺水植物生物量占水生植物总生物量的比例也同样呈现单峰型变化,而其它水生植物生物量占水生植物总生物量的比例则在持续增大;太湖水生植物群落的优势种也发生了变化,沉水植物群落的优势种由马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和苦草(Vallisneria natans)变为仅为马来眼子菜。目前,对于太湖水生植物的研究,主要集中在水生植物的分布调查、光合特征、对富营养化水体的净化和重建水生植物群落、水生植物管理等方面,在太湖北部"藻型湖区"和太湖东北"草—藻过渡湖区"重建稳定且多样的水生植物群落,已经成为太湖水生植物研究的热点和难点。
Since 1960 s, due to habitat changes and human activities, the species of aquatic macrophytes in Taihu Lake gradually decreased and three alien species appeared(Elodea nuttallii, Cabomba caroliniana and Potamogeton pectinatus). From 1960 to 2014, the biomass of aquatic macrophytes first rose then descended.The dominant species of aquatic macrophytes in Taihu Lake also changed from Potamogeton malaianus and Vallisneria natans to Potamogeton malaianus. At present, the researches of aquatic macrophytes in Taihu Lake mainly focus on the distribution survey of aquatic macrophytes, the photosynthetic characteristics of aquatic macrophytes, the purification capacity of aquatic macrophytes, the reconstruction of aquatic macrophytes community, the management of aquatic plants and etc. How to reconstruction of stability and diversity of aquatic macrophytes community in northern algae type zone and north eastern grass-algae transition zone has become a hot spot.
Since 1960 s, due to habitat changes and human activities, the species of aquatic macrophytes in Taihu Lake gradually decreased and three alien species appeared(Elodea nuttallii, Cabomba caroliniana and Potamogeton pectinatus). From 1960 to 2014, the biomass of aquatic macrophytes first rose then descended.The dominant species of aquatic macrophytes in Taihu Lake also changed from Potamogeton malaianus and Vallisneria natans to Potamogeton malaianus. At present, the researches of aquatic macrophytes in Taihu Lake mainly focus on the distribution survey of aquatic macrophytes, the photosynthetic characteristics of aquatic macrophytes, the purification capacity of aquatic macrophytes, the reconstruction of aquatic macrophytes community, the management of aquatic plants and etc. How to reconstruction of stability and diversity of aquatic macrophytes community in northern algae type zone and north eastern grass-algae transition zone has become a hot spot.
引文
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[32]吴向峰.东太湖水源地水质保护工程改善效果[J].水资源开发与管理,2018,(5):58-63.
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[37]Qin B.Lake eutrophication:Control countermeasures and recycling exploitation[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,3535(11):1569-1573.
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[39]宋玉芝,朱广伟,秦伯强.太湖康山湾示范区水生植物对水体氮、磷控制的适用性分析[J].湖泊科学,2013,2525(2):259-265.
[40]Wang Q,Xia L,Xu X,et al.Changes of phytoplankton and water quality under the regulation of filter-feeding fishes and submerged aquatic plants in a Large-scale experiment[J].CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2016,4343(12):1598-1608.
[41]雷泽湘,陈光荣,谢贻发,等.太湖大型水生植物的管理探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2009,3232(6):189-194.
[42]张圣照,王国祥,濮培民,等.东太湖水生植被及其沼泽化趋势[J].植物资源与环境学报,1999,88(2):1-6.
[43]谷孝鸿,张圣照,白秀玲,等.东太湖水生植物群落结构的演变及其沼泽化[J].生态学报,2005,2525(7):1541-1548.
[44]吴庆龙,胡耀辉,李文朝,等.东太湖沼泽化发展趋势及驱动因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2000,2020(3):275-279.
[45]Cofrancesco A F.Overview and Future Direction of Biological Control Technology[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,1998,3636(6):49-53.
[2]厉恩华.大型水生植物在浅水湖泊生态系统营养循环中的作用[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉植物园),2006.
[3]徐文义,常越亚,黄民生.水生植物对水体中砷富集的影响因素[J].湿地科学,2018,1616(1):67-72.
[4]Gao H,Qian X,Wu H,et al.Combined effects of submerged macrophytes and aquatic animals on the restoration of a eutrophic water body-A case study of Gonghu Bay,Lake Taihu[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102102:15-23.
[5]王华,王晓,张甦.浅水湖泊水生植被恢复判别模型研究与应用[J].北京工业大学学报,2012,3838(1):132-138.
[6]Gao H,Qian X,Zhang R,et al.Bayesian regularized back-propagation neural network model for chlorophyll-a prediction:A case study in Meiliang Bay,Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2015,3232(11):938-947.
[7]Gao H,Shi Q,Qian X.A multi-species modelling approach to select appropriate submerged macrophyte species for ecological restoration in Gonghu Bay,Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2017,360360:179-188.
[8]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Foley J A,et al.Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J].Nature,2001,413413(6856):591.
[9]陈怀艳,刘茂松,袁芳,等.太湖贡湖湾滨岸带微生境特征与主要水质指标的关系分析[J].湿地科学,2016,1414(4):580-585.
[10]中国科学院南京地理研究所.太湖综合调查初步报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1965.
[11]秦伯强,胡维平,陈伟民.太湖水环境演化过程与机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[12]赵凯,周彦锋,蒋兆林,等.1960年以来太湖水生植被演变[J].湖泊科学,2017,2929(2):351-362.
[13]Janssen A B G,Teurlincx S,An S,et al.Alternative stable states in large shallow lakes?[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2014,400(4):813-826.
[14]鲍建平,缪为民,李劫夫,等.太湖水生维管束植物及其合理开发利用的调查研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,1991,66(1):13-20.
[15]宋玉芝,蔡炜,秦伯强.太湖常见浮叶植物和沉水植物的光合荧光特性比较[J].应用生态学报,2009,2020(3):569-573.
[16]宋玉芝,王敏,赵巧华,等.太湖沉水植物光补偿深度反演及影响因子分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,3030(10):2099-2105.
[17]李霞,丛伟,任承钢,等.太湖人工种养凤眼莲的光合生产力及其碳汇潜力分析[J].江苏农业学报,2011,2727(3):500-504.
[18]谢春,周长芳,龙水云,等.挺水植物与浮叶植物光合荧光特性的差异[J].生态学报,2018,3838(7):2493-2502.
[19]曹培培,刘茂松,唐金艳,等.几种水生植物腐解过程的比较研究[J].生态学报,2014,3434(14):3848-3858.
[20]温周瑞,徐军,谢平.太湖高等水生植物稳定碳、氮同位素特征[J].湖泊科学,2016,288(1):163-169.
[21]王国祥,濮培民,张圣照,等.人工复合生态系统对太湖局部水域水质的净化作用[J].中国环境科学,1998,1818(5):410-414.
[22]谢宇.不同水动力下太湖水生植物群落对水体净化能力研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2012.
[23]刘燕.太湖常见水生植物及群落对水体净化能力研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[24]马久远.典型水生植物对沉积物中氮素形态及分布的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.
[25]向速林,朱梦圆,朱广伟,等.太湖东部湖湾大型水生植物分布对水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,3434(11):2881-2887.
[26]唐萍,吴国荣,陆长梅,等.太湖水域几种高等水生植物的克藻效应[J].生态与农村环境学报,2001,177(3):42-44.
[27]张艳晴,潘辉,毕雪娟.贡湖湾生态修复区沉水植物群落对蓝藻的消纳作用[J].安徽农业科学,2017,4545(23):46-49,59.
[28]宋海亮.水生植物滤床技术改善富营养化水体水质的研究[D].南京:东南大学,2005.
[29]李先宁,宋海亮,朱光灿,等.组合型生态浮床的动态水质净化特性[J].环境科学,2007,2828(11):2448-2452.
[30]朱文婷.低污染水生态净化技术方案研究与效果评估[D].南京:南京大学,2016.
[31]王雁,黄佳聪,闫人华,等.湖泊湿地的水质净化效应--以太湖三山湿地为例[J].湖泊科学,2016,288(1):124-131.
[32]吴向峰.东太湖水源地水质保护工程改善效果[J].水资源开发与管理,2018,(5):58-63.
[33]李婧慧,沈振华,吴荣华,等.太湖冲山湖滨带生态修复工程对富营养化水体的作用[J].淮海工学院学报:自然科学版,2018,2727(2):86-92.
[34]秦伯强,胡维平,刘正文,等.太湖梅梁湾水源地通过生态修复净化水质的试验[J].中国水利,2006,(17):23-29.
[35]李文朝.浅型富营养湖泊的生态恢复--五里湖水生植被重建实验[J].湖泊科学,1996,88(S1):1-10.
[36]王国祥,濮培民,张圣照,等.用镶嵌组合植物群落控制湖泊饮用水源区藻类及氮污染[J].植物资源与环境学报,1998,1212(2):35-41.
[37]Qin B.Lake eutrophication:Control countermeasures and recycling exploitation[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,3535(11):1569-1573.
[38]Chen K N,Bao C H,Zhou W P.Ecological restoration in eutrophic Lake Wuli:A large enclosure experiment[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,3535(11):1646-1655.
[39]宋玉芝,朱广伟,秦伯强.太湖康山湾示范区水生植物对水体氮、磷控制的适用性分析[J].湖泊科学,2013,2525(2):259-265.
[40]Wang Q,Xia L,Xu X,et al.Changes of phytoplankton and water quality under the regulation of filter-feeding fishes and submerged aquatic plants in a Large-scale experiment[J].CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2016,4343(12):1598-1608.
[41]雷泽湘,陈光荣,谢贻发,等.太湖大型水生植物的管理探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2009,3232(6):189-194.
[42]张圣照,王国祥,濮培民,等.东太湖水生植被及其沼泽化趋势[J].植物资源与环境学报,1999,88(2):1-6.
[43]谷孝鸿,张圣照,白秀玲,等.东太湖水生植物群落结构的演变及其沼泽化[J].生态学报,2005,2525(7):1541-1548.
[44]吴庆龙,胡耀辉,李文朝,等.东太湖沼泽化发展趋势及驱动因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2000,2020(3):275-279.
[45]Cofrancesco A F.Overview and Future Direction of Biological Control Technology[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,1998,3636(6):49-53.