不同施氮水平下水稻植株在白背飞虱为害后的生理变化
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摘要
【目的】为明确不同施氮水平调控水稻对白背飞虱抵御能力的生理机制,【方法】采用室内笼罩饲喂胁迫法,比较了不同施氮水平下水稻受白背飞虱为害后,体内叶绿素(SPAD)含量、含水量、伤流液含量和干物质含量、可溶性糖含量等防御相关物质含量的变化。【结果】水稻受白背飞虱为害后,水稻体内不同防御物质含量变化存在差异。水稻受白背飞虱为害后体内叶绿素含量、干物质含量、可溶性糖含量均有所下降,伤流液含量、相对含水量、含水量有所上升。随着水稻施氮水平的增加,受害水稻叶绿素含量、干物质量降幅呈上升趋势,含水量、伤流液含量增幅呈上升趋势,相对含水量、可溶性糖含量增幅呈下降趋势。【结论】不同施氮水平可通过调控水稻体内叶绿素含量、相对含水量、含水量、干物质含量、可溶性糖含量影响水稻对白背飞虱的抵御能力,从而影响白背飞虱种群数量。
【Objective】In order to clarify the physiological mechanism in regulating the resistance of rice to whitebacked planthoppers at different nitrogen levels,【Method】we compared the differences in contents of chlorophyll, relative water content, bleeding sap, water content, dry matter content, soluble sugar contents in infected rice at different nitrogen levels by indoors cage-raising method.【Result】The results showed that there were significant changes in different defensive substances in rice after infection by whitebacked planthoppers. The contents of chlorophyll, dry matter weight and soluble sugar contents in rice plants decreased after BPH infection, while the content of bleeding sap, relative water content and water content increased. With increasing nitrogen levels, chlorophyll(SPAD) contents and dry matter weight of rice increased, and the increase of water content and bleeding sap content followed an upward trend. Water content, soluble sugar contents were on a decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen level could affect the resistance of rice to whitebacked planthoppers by regulating the contents of chlorophyll(SPAD), relative water content, water content, dry matter weight and soluble sugar contents in rice, subsequently influencing the population of whitebacked planthoppers.
【Objective】In order to clarify the physiological mechanism in regulating the resistance of rice to whitebacked planthoppers at different nitrogen levels,【Method】we compared the differences in contents of chlorophyll, relative water content, bleeding sap, water content, dry matter content, soluble sugar contents in infected rice at different nitrogen levels by indoors cage-raising method.【Result】The results showed that there were significant changes in different defensive substances in rice after infection by whitebacked planthoppers. The contents of chlorophyll, dry matter weight and soluble sugar contents in rice plants decreased after BPH infection, while the content of bleeding sap, relative water content and water content increased. With increasing nitrogen levels, chlorophyll(SPAD) contents and dry matter weight of rice increased, and the increase of water content and bleeding sap content followed an upward trend. Water content, soluble sugar contents were on a decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen level could affect the resistance of rice to whitebacked planthoppers by regulating the contents of chlorophyll(SPAD), relative water content, water content, dry matter weight and soluble sugar contents in rice, subsequently influencing the population of whitebacked planthoppers.
引文
[1]沈君辉,尚金梅,刘光杰.中国的白背飞虱研究概况.中国水稻科学,2003,17(S1):7-22.Shen J H,Shang J M,Liu G J.Management of the whitebacked planthopper,Sogatella furcifera in China:A mini-review.Chin J Rice Sci,2003,17(S1):7-22.
[2]Li P,Li F,Han Y Q,Yang L,Liao X L,Hou M L.Asymmetric spread of SRBSDV between rice and corn plants by the vector Sogatella furcifera(Hemiptera:Delphacidae).Plo S one,2016,11(10):e0165014.
[3]周国辉,张曙光,邹寿发,许兆伟,周志强.水稻新病害南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生特点及危害趋势分析.植物保护,2010,36(1):144-146.Zhou G H,Zhang S G,Zou S F,Xu Z W,Zhou Z Q.Occurrence and damage analysis of a new rice dwarf disease caused by Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus.Plant Prot,2010,36(1):144-146.
[4]Jayasimha G T,Nalini R,Chinniah C,Muthamilan M,Mini M L.Evaluation of biochemical constituents in healthy and brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)damaged rice plants.Curr Biot,2015,9(2):129-136.
[5]孙凯,钟乐荣,丁文兵,李有志.水稻对白背飞虱取食胁迫的生理反应.湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,40(5):501-505.Sun K,Kai L R,Ding W B,Li Y Z.Physiological response in different rice varieties against Sogatella furcifera undergone feeding stress.J Hunan Agric Univ:Nat Sci,2014,40(5):501-505.
[6]陈威,周强,李欣,何国锋.不同水稻品种对虫害胁迫的生理响应.生态学报,2006,26(7):2161-2166.Chen W,Zhou Q,Li X,He G F.Physiological responses of different rice cultivars under herbivore stress.Acta Ecol Sin,2006,26(7):2161-2166.
[7]张金锋,薛庆中.稻飞虱为害胁迫对水稻植株内主要保护酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,2004,37(10):1487-1491.Zhang J F,Xue Q Z.The activity dynamics of main protective enzymes in rice plants under feeding stresses of Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens.Sci Agric Sin,2004,37(10):1487-1491.
[8]吕仲贤,Sylvia V,俞晓平,HEONG K L,胡萃.氮肥对稻株含水量和伤流液的影响及其与对褐飞虱为害耐性的关系.中国水稻科学,2004,18(2):161-166.Lu Z X,Sylvia V,Yu X P,HEONG K L,Hu C.Effect of nitrogen on water content,sap flow of rice plants in association with tolerance to brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.Chin J Rice Sci,2004,18(2):161-166.
[9]陈建明,俞晓平,程家安,吕仲贤,郑许松,徐红星.不同水稻品种对褐飞虱为害的耐性和补偿作用评价.中国水稻科学,2003,17(3):265-269.Chen J M,Yu X P,Cheng J A,Lv Z X,Zhen X S,Xu H X.Evaluation for tolerance and compensation of rice varieties to infesting of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.Chin J Rice Sci,2003,17(3):265-269.
[10]Rubia-Sanchez E,Suzuki Y,Miyamoto K,Watanabe T.The potential for compensation of the effects of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal(Homoptera:Delphacidae)feeding on rice.Crop Prot,1999,18(1):39-45.
[11]秦厚国,叶正襄,黄荣华.施肥对白背飞虱田间种群和水稻产量的影响研究.江西农业大学学报,1991,13(02):125-128.Qin H G,Ye Z X,Huang R H.Study on effect of fertilization on the field population density of Sogatella Furcifera(Horvath)and the rice yield.Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis,1991,13(02):125-128.
[12]Horgan F G,Srinivasan T S,Naik B S,Ramal A F,Bernal C C,Almazan M L P.Effects of nitrogen on egg-laying inhibition and ovicidal response in planthopper-resistant rice varieties.Crop Prot,2016,89:223-230.
[13]杨军,陈小荣,朱昌兰,彭小松,贺晓鹏,傅军如,欧阳林娟,边建民,胡丽芳,贺浩华.氮肥和孕穗后期高温对两个早稻品种产量和生理特性的影响.中国水稻科学,2014,28(5):523-533.Yang J,Chen X R,Zhu C L,Peng X S,He X P,Fu J R,Ouyang L J,Bian J M,Hu L F,He H H.Effects of nitrogen level and high temperature at late booting stage on yield and physiological characteristics of two early rice cultivars.Chin J Rice Sci,2014,28(5):523-533.
[14]Zhao Y,Xi M,Zhang X,Lin Z,Ding C,Tang S,Liu Z,Wang S,Ding Y.Nitrogen effect on amino acid composition in leaf and grain of japonica rice during grain filling stage.J Cereal Sci,2015,64:29-33.
[15]Yang J,Yu Q Y,Cheng X R,Zhu C L,Peng X S,He X P,Fu J R,Ouyang L J,Bian J M,Hu L F,Sun X T,Xu J,He H H.Effects of nitrogen level and high temperature stress on yield,SPAD value and soluble sugar content of early rice Ganxin 203.Agric Sci&Technol,2016,17(2):385-390.
[16]梁国斌,莫亿伟,柳敏,王忠.施氮对水稻植株和颖果发育及稻米品质的影响.西北植物学报,2008,28(9):1794-1802.Liang G B,Mo Y W,Liu M,Wang Z.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on rice seedling growth and caryopsis development and grain quality.Acta Bot Boreali-Occid Sin,2008,28(9):1794-1802.
[17]周小军,徐红星,郑许松,杨亚军,陈礼威,何锦豪,吕仲贤.氮肥施用量对杂交稻田白背飞虱和蜘蛛种群数量的影响.浙江农业学报,2012,24(5):865-869.Zhou X J,Xu H X,Zheng X S,Yang Y J,Chen L W,He J H,Lv Z X.Population dynamics of white-backed planthopper and its predatory spiders in hybrid rice fields with different nitrogen regimes.Acta Agric Zhejiangensis,2012,24(5):865-869.
[18]张福锁,陈新平,陈清.中国主要作物施肥指南.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.Zhang F S,Chen X P,Chen Q.Guidelines for Fertilization of Major Crops in China.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2009.
[19]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,04:783-795.Ju X T,Gu B J.Status-quo,problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China.J Plant Nut Fer,2014,04:783-795.
[20]李再园,王福莲,田小海.水稻对稻飞虱抵御机制研究.热带作物学报,2017(4):769-774.Li Z Y,Wang F L,Tian X H.The resistance mechanism of rice to rice plant hopper.Chin J Trop Crops,2017(4):769-774.
[21]段灿星,彭高松,王晓鸣,朱振东.抗感水稻品种受灰飞虱为害后的生理反应差异.应用昆虫学报,2013,50(1):145-153.Duan C X,Peng G S,Wang X M,Zhu Z D.Differences in the physiological response of resistant and susceptible rice varieties infested by the small brown planthopper.Chin J Appl Entomol,2013,50(1):145-153.
[22]李再园,马跃坤,王福莲,田小海.施氮水平对水稻抵御白背飞虱能力的影响机制.江苏农业科学,2018,2018,46(03):88-91.Li Z Y,Ma Y K,Wang F L,Tian X H.The influence mechanism of nitrogen level resists Sogatella furcifera of rice.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2018,46(03):88-91.
[23]Mattson W J,Haack R A.The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects.Bioscience,1987,37(2):110-118.
[24]薛俊杰.水稻品种抗虫性与叶片含水率的关系.河南农业科学,1986(7):6,24.Xue J J.Relationship between insect resistance and leaf water content of rice varieties.J Henan Agric Sci,1986(7):6,24.
[25]Morita S,Okamoto M,Abe J,Yamagishi J.Bleeding rate of field-grown maize with reference to root system development.Jap J Crop Sci,2000,69(1):80-85.
[26]陈建明,俞晓平,程家安,吕仲贤,徐红星.不同水稻品种受褐飞虱危害后体内生理指标的变化.植物保护学报,2003,30(3):225-231.Chen J M,Yu X P,Cheng J A,Lv Z X,Xu H X.Changes in physiological indexes of different rice varieties after attacked by brown planthopper.J Plant Prot,2003,30(3):225-231.
[2]Li P,Li F,Han Y Q,Yang L,Liao X L,Hou M L.Asymmetric spread of SRBSDV between rice and corn plants by the vector Sogatella furcifera(Hemiptera:Delphacidae).Plo S one,2016,11(10):e0165014.
[3]周国辉,张曙光,邹寿发,许兆伟,周志强.水稻新病害南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生特点及危害趋势分析.植物保护,2010,36(1):144-146.Zhou G H,Zhang S G,Zou S F,Xu Z W,Zhou Z Q.Occurrence and damage analysis of a new rice dwarf disease caused by Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus.Plant Prot,2010,36(1):144-146.
[4]Jayasimha G T,Nalini R,Chinniah C,Muthamilan M,Mini M L.Evaluation of biochemical constituents in healthy and brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)damaged rice plants.Curr Biot,2015,9(2):129-136.
[5]孙凯,钟乐荣,丁文兵,李有志.水稻对白背飞虱取食胁迫的生理反应.湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,40(5):501-505.Sun K,Kai L R,Ding W B,Li Y Z.Physiological response in different rice varieties against Sogatella furcifera undergone feeding stress.J Hunan Agric Univ:Nat Sci,2014,40(5):501-505.
[6]陈威,周强,李欣,何国锋.不同水稻品种对虫害胁迫的生理响应.生态学报,2006,26(7):2161-2166.Chen W,Zhou Q,Li X,He G F.Physiological responses of different rice cultivars under herbivore stress.Acta Ecol Sin,2006,26(7):2161-2166.
[7]张金锋,薛庆中.稻飞虱为害胁迫对水稻植株内主要保护酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,2004,37(10):1487-1491.Zhang J F,Xue Q Z.The activity dynamics of main protective enzymes in rice plants under feeding stresses of Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens.Sci Agric Sin,2004,37(10):1487-1491.
[8]吕仲贤,Sylvia V,俞晓平,HEONG K L,胡萃.氮肥对稻株含水量和伤流液的影响及其与对褐飞虱为害耐性的关系.中国水稻科学,2004,18(2):161-166.Lu Z X,Sylvia V,Yu X P,HEONG K L,Hu C.Effect of nitrogen on water content,sap flow of rice plants in association with tolerance to brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.Chin J Rice Sci,2004,18(2):161-166.
[9]陈建明,俞晓平,程家安,吕仲贤,郑许松,徐红星.不同水稻品种对褐飞虱为害的耐性和补偿作用评价.中国水稻科学,2003,17(3):265-269.Chen J M,Yu X P,Cheng J A,Lv Z X,Zhen X S,Xu H X.Evaluation for tolerance and compensation of rice varieties to infesting of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.Chin J Rice Sci,2003,17(3):265-269.
[10]Rubia-Sanchez E,Suzuki Y,Miyamoto K,Watanabe T.The potential for compensation of the effects of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal(Homoptera:Delphacidae)feeding on rice.Crop Prot,1999,18(1):39-45.
[11]秦厚国,叶正襄,黄荣华.施肥对白背飞虱田间种群和水稻产量的影响研究.江西农业大学学报,1991,13(02):125-128.Qin H G,Ye Z X,Huang R H.Study on effect of fertilization on the field population density of Sogatella Furcifera(Horvath)and the rice yield.Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis,1991,13(02):125-128.
[12]Horgan F G,Srinivasan T S,Naik B S,Ramal A F,Bernal C C,Almazan M L P.Effects of nitrogen on egg-laying inhibition and ovicidal response in planthopper-resistant rice varieties.Crop Prot,2016,89:223-230.
[13]杨军,陈小荣,朱昌兰,彭小松,贺晓鹏,傅军如,欧阳林娟,边建民,胡丽芳,贺浩华.氮肥和孕穗后期高温对两个早稻品种产量和生理特性的影响.中国水稻科学,2014,28(5):523-533.Yang J,Chen X R,Zhu C L,Peng X S,He X P,Fu J R,Ouyang L J,Bian J M,Hu L F,He H H.Effects of nitrogen level and high temperature at late booting stage on yield and physiological characteristics of two early rice cultivars.Chin J Rice Sci,2014,28(5):523-533.
[14]Zhao Y,Xi M,Zhang X,Lin Z,Ding C,Tang S,Liu Z,Wang S,Ding Y.Nitrogen effect on amino acid composition in leaf and grain of japonica rice during grain filling stage.J Cereal Sci,2015,64:29-33.
[15]Yang J,Yu Q Y,Cheng X R,Zhu C L,Peng X S,He X P,Fu J R,Ouyang L J,Bian J M,Hu L F,Sun X T,Xu J,He H H.Effects of nitrogen level and high temperature stress on yield,SPAD value and soluble sugar content of early rice Ganxin 203.Agric Sci&Technol,2016,17(2):385-390.
[16]梁国斌,莫亿伟,柳敏,王忠.施氮对水稻植株和颖果发育及稻米品质的影响.西北植物学报,2008,28(9):1794-1802.Liang G B,Mo Y W,Liu M,Wang Z.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on rice seedling growth and caryopsis development and grain quality.Acta Bot Boreali-Occid Sin,2008,28(9):1794-1802.
[17]周小军,徐红星,郑许松,杨亚军,陈礼威,何锦豪,吕仲贤.氮肥施用量对杂交稻田白背飞虱和蜘蛛种群数量的影响.浙江农业学报,2012,24(5):865-869.Zhou X J,Xu H X,Zheng X S,Yang Y J,Chen L W,He J H,Lv Z X.Population dynamics of white-backed planthopper and its predatory spiders in hybrid rice fields with different nitrogen regimes.Acta Agric Zhejiangensis,2012,24(5):865-869.
[18]张福锁,陈新平,陈清.中国主要作物施肥指南.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.Zhang F S,Chen X P,Chen Q.Guidelines for Fertilization of Major Crops in China.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2009.
[19]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,04:783-795.Ju X T,Gu B J.Status-quo,problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China.J Plant Nut Fer,2014,04:783-795.
[20]李再园,王福莲,田小海.水稻对稻飞虱抵御机制研究.热带作物学报,2017(4):769-774.Li Z Y,Wang F L,Tian X H.The resistance mechanism of rice to rice plant hopper.Chin J Trop Crops,2017(4):769-774.
[21]段灿星,彭高松,王晓鸣,朱振东.抗感水稻品种受灰飞虱为害后的生理反应差异.应用昆虫学报,2013,50(1):145-153.Duan C X,Peng G S,Wang X M,Zhu Z D.Differences in the physiological response of resistant and susceptible rice varieties infested by the small brown planthopper.Chin J Appl Entomol,2013,50(1):145-153.
[22]李再园,马跃坤,王福莲,田小海.施氮水平对水稻抵御白背飞虱能力的影响机制.江苏农业科学,2018,2018,46(03):88-91.Li Z Y,Ma Y K,Wang F L,Tian X H.The influence mechanism of nitrogen level resists Sogatella furcifera of rice.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2018,46(03):88-91.
[23]Mattson W J,Haack R A.The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects.Bioscience,1987,37(2):110-118.
[24]薛俊杰.水稻品种抗虫性与叶片含水率的关系.河南农业科学,1986(7):6,24.Xue J J.Relationship between insect resistance and leaf water content of rice varieties.J Henan Agric Sci,1986(7):6,24.
[25]Morita S,Okamoto M,Abe J,Yamagishi J.Bleeding rate of field-grown maize with reference to root system development.Jap J Crop Sci,2000,69(1):80-85.
[26]陈建明,俞晓平,程家安,吕仲贤,徐红星.不同水稻品种受褐飞虱危害后体内生理指标的变化.植物保护学报,2003,30(3):225-231.Chen J M,Yu X P,Cheng J A,Lv Z X,Xu H X.Changes in physiological indexes of different rice varieties after attacked by brown planthopper.J Plant Prot,2003,30(3):225-231.