大变形巷道螺纹钢锚杆优化设计及应用研究
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摘要
为了解决钱家营煤矿大变形巷道支护问题,根据锚杆外形参数研究、锚杆锚固失效模式判定和锚固力残余强度分析,设计出一种新型锚杆.运用锚固力学厚壁理论,研究了不同围岩强度与实验室套筒壁厚的等效关系,并通过实验室和现场的拉拔试验对设计的新型锚杆和煤矿原常规左旋锚杆进行了锚固力对比测试.建立了模拟钱家营煤矿地质力学条件的锚固力测试实验模型.实验结果表明:弹性模量为10～30 GPa的围岩,径向刚度与壁厚3～10 mm的铝套筒一致;弹性模量为30～70 GPa的围岩,径向刚度与壁厚3～7 mm的钢套筒一致;新型锚杆锚固力较矿用左旋锚杆分别提高了13%和16%,吸能能力提高了15%和55%,锚固效果显著提高,更适用于钱家营煤矿大变形回采巷道锚杆支护.
In order to solve the problem of large deformation roadway support in Qianjiaying coal mine, a new bolt was designed according to bolt profile parameters, the determination of bolt anchorage failure mode and the analysis of anchor force residual strength.Based on the thick-walled cylinder theory of anchoring mechanics, the relationship between the strength of different surrounding rocks and the wall thickness of sleeves was studied,the anchoring force test was carried out on the designed new bolt and the conventional left-handed bolt of the coal mine through laboratory and on-site pullout tests.The experimental model of anchoring force test simulating the geomechanical conditions of Qianjiaying coal mine was established.The results show that the radial stiffness of the surrounding rock with elastic modulus of 10～30 GPa is consistent with the aluminum sleeve with wall thickness of 3～10 mm. The surrounding rock with modulus of 30～70 GPa has the same radial stiffness as the steel sleeve with wall thickness of 3～7 mm.The new anchor bolting force is 13% and 16% higher than that of the left-handed bolt in the coal mine, and the energy absorption capacity is increased by 15% and 55%.The anchoring effect is significantly improved, and it is more suitable for the bolt support of the large deformation mining roadway in Qianjiaying coal mine.
In order to solve the problem of large deformation roadway support in Qianjiaying coal mine, a new bolt was designed according to bolt profile parameters, the determination of bolt anchorage failure mode and the analysis of anchor force residual strength.Based on the thick-walled cylinder theory of anchoring mechanics, the relationship between the strength of different surrounding rocks and the wall thickness of sleeves was studied,the anchoring force test was carried out on the designed new bolt and the conventional left-handed bolt of the coal mine through laboratory and on-site pullout tests.The experimental model of anchoring force test simulating the geomechanical conditions of Qianjiaying coal mine was established.The results show that the radial stiffness of the surrounding rock with elastic modulus of 10～30 GPa is consistent with the aluminum sleeve with wall thickness of 3～10 mm. The surrounding rock with modulus of 30～70 GPa has the same radial stiffness as the steel sleeve with wall thickness of 3～7 mm.The new anchor bolting force is 13% and 16% higher than that of the left-handed bolt in the coal mine, and the energy absorption capacity is increased by 15% and 55%.The anchoring effect is significantly improved, and it is more suitable for the bolt support of the large deformation mining roadway in Qianjiaying coal mine.
引文
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[6] 何满潮,袁越,王晓雷,等.新疆中生代复合型软岩大变形控制技术及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):433- 441.HE Manchao,YUAN Yue,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Control technology for large deformation of mesozoic compound soft rock in Xinjiang and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):433-441.
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[9] 何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,Lü Qian,TAO Zhigang,et al.Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation anchor cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2018,47 (2):213-220.
[10] 高明仕,赵一超,李明,等.软岩巷道顶、帮、底全支全让O型控制力学模型及工程实践[J].岩土力学,2014,33(8):2307-2313.GAO Mingshi,ZHAO Yichao,LI Ming,et al.Roof and support and bottom yielding support with whole section and O-shape control principle for soft rock roadway and engineering practice[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,33(8):2307-2313.
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[12] 刘洪涛,王飞,蒋力帅,等.顶板可接长锚杆耦合支护系统性能研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(3):366-372.LIU Hongtao,WANG Fei,JIANG Lishuai,et al.On the performance of lengthened bolt coupling support system in roadway roof[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2014,31(3):366-372.
[13] 马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[14] 王卫军,袁超,余伟健,等.深部大变形巷道围岩稳定性控制方法研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2921-2931.WANG Weijun,YUAN Chao,YU Weijian,et al.Stability control method of surrounding rock in deep roadway with large deformation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2921-2931.
[15] AZIZN,JALALIFAR H,REMENNIKOV A,et al.Optimisation of the bolt profile configuration for load transfer enhancement[C]//AZIZ N.Coal 2008:Coal Operators' Conference.Wollongong:University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2008:125-131.
[16] FABJANCZYK M W,TARRANT G C.Load transfer mechanisms in reinforcing tendons[C]//AZIZ N.Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Wollongong:University of Wollongong,1992:1-8.
[17] KILIC A,YASAR E,ATIS C D.Effect of bar shape on the pull-out capacity of fully-grouted rockbolts[J].Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2003,18(1):1-6.
[18] AZIZ N.A new technique to determine the load transfer capacity of resin anchored bolts[C]//AZIZ N.Coal 2002:Coal Operators’ Conference.Wollongong:University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2002:176-184.
[19] 林健,任硕,杨景贺.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化实验室研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):1009-1015.LIN Jian,REN Shuo,YANG Jinghe.Laboratory research of resin full-length anchoring bolts dimension optimization[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):1009-1015.
[20] 林健,任硕.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):273-278.LIN Jian,REN Shuo.Numerical simulation optimization research of bolt profile configuration with resin full-length anchoring[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):273-278.
[21] WU T,CAO C,HAN J,et al.Effect of bolt rib spacing on load transfer mechanism[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(3):431-434.
[22] 吴涛,CAO Chen,赵象卓,等.不同肋间距锚杆锚固性能实验室试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2545-2553.WU Tao,CAO Chen,ZHAO Xiangzhuo,et al.Laboratorial study of anchorage performance in different rib spacings of bolt[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2545-2553.
[23] 赵象卓,张宏伟,CAO Chen,等.不同围岩条件下锚杆肋间距与锚固力优化研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(4):1-9.ZHAO Xiangzhuo,ZHANG Hongwei,CAO Chen,et al.Study on optimization of bolts rib spacing and anchoring force in different conditions of surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(4):1-9.
[24] CAO C,NEMCIK J,REN T,et al.A study of rock bolting failure modes[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(1):79-88.
[25] CAO C,NEMCIK J,AZIZ N,et al.Analytical study of steel bolt profile and its influence on bolt load transfer[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2013,60(6):188-195.
[26] CAO C,REN T,COOK C,et al.Analytical approach in optimising selection of rebar bolts in preventing rock bolting failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2014,72:16-25.
[27] LIANG Y,HE M,CAO C,et al.A mechanical model for conebolts[J].Computers & Geotechnics,2017,83:142-151.
[28] YAZICI S,KAISER P K.Bond strength of grouted cable bolts[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts,1992,29(3):279-292.
[29] HYETT A J,BAWDEN W F,MACSPORRAN G R,et al.A constitutive law for bond failure of fully-grouted cable bolts using a modified Hoek cell[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(1):11-36.
[2] 李冲,徐金海,李明.全长锚固预应力锚杆杆体受力特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):188-193.LI Chong,XU Jinhai,LI Ming.The mechanicalcharacteristics analysis of fully anchored pre-stressed bolts in coal mines[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):188-193.
[3] 康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:6-7.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua.Rock bolting theory and complete technology for coal roadways[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2007:6-7.
[4] 康红普.我国煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术发展60年及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(6):1071-1081.KANG Hongpu.Sixty years development and prospects of rock bolting technology for underground coal mine roadwaysin China[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2016,45(6):1071-1081.
[5] 康红普,林健,吴拥政.全断面高预应力强力锚索支护技术及其在动压巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1153-1159.KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,WU Yongzheng.High pretensioned stress and intensive cable bolting technology set in fullsection and application in entry affected by dynamic pressure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1153-1159.
[6] 何满潮,袁越,王晓雷,等.新疆中生代复合型软岩大变形控制技术及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):433- 441.HE Manchao,YUAN Yue,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Control technology for large deformation of mesozoic compound soft rock in Xinjiang and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):433-441.
[7] 郭志飚,王炯,张跃林,等.清水矿深部软岩巷道破坏机理及恒阻大变形控制对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):945-949.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Jiong,ZHANG Yuelin,et al.Failure mechanism and constant resistance large deformation control measures of deep soft rock in Qingshui Coal Mine[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):945-949.
[8] 何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[9] 何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,Lü Qian,TAO Zhigang,et al.Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation anchor cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2018,47 (2):213-220.
[10] 高明仕,赵一超,李明,等.软岩巷道顶、帮、底全支全让O型控制力学模型及工程实践[J].岩土力学,2014,33(8):2307-2313.GAO Mingshi,ZHAO Yichao,LI Ming,et al.Roof and support and bottom yielding support with whole section and O-shape control principle for soft rock roadway and engineering practice[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,33(8):2307-2313.
[11] 郑朋强,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.软岩大变形巷道底臌破坏机制与支护技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):3143-3150.ZHENG Pengqiang,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.Study of failure mechanism of floor heave and supporting technology in soft rock of large deformation roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 1):3143-3150.
[12] 刘洪涛,王飞,蒋力帅,等.顶板可接长锚杆耦合支护系统性能研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(3):366-372.LIU Hongtao,WANG Fei,JIANG Lishuai,et al.On the performance of lengthened bolt coupling support system in roadway roof[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2014,31(3):366-372.
[13] 马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[14] 王卫军,袁超,余伟健,等.深部大变形巷道围岩稳定性控制方法研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2921-2931.WANG Weijun,YUAN Chao,YU Weijian,et al.Stability control method of surrounding rock in deep roadway with large deformation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2921-2931.
[15] AZIZN,JALALIFAR H,REMENNIKOV A,et al.Optimisation of the bolt profile configuration for load transfer enhancement[C]//AZIZ N.Coal 2008:Coal Operators' Conference.Wollongong:University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2008:125-131.
[16] FABJANCZYK M W,TARRANT G C.Load transfer mechanisms in reinforcing tendons[C]//AZIZ N.Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Wollongong:University of Wollongong,1992:1-8.
[17] KILIC A,YASAR E,ATIS C D.Effect of bar shape on the pull-out capacity of fully-grouted rockbolts[J].Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2003,18(1):1-6.
[18] AZIZ N.A new technique to determine the load transfer capacity of resin anchored bolts[C]//AZIZ N.Coal 2002:Coal Operators’ Conference.Wollongong:University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2002:176-184.
[19] 林健,任硕,杨景贺.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化实验室研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):1009-1015.LIN Jian,REN Shuo,YANG Jinghe.Laboratory research of resin full-length anchoring bolts dimension optimization[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):1009-1015.
[20] 林健,任硕.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):273-278.LIN Jian,REN Shuo.Numerical simulation optimization research of bolt profile configuration with resin full-length anchoring[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):273-278.
[21] WU T,CAO C,HAN J,et al.Effect of bolt rib spacing on load transfer mechanism[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(3):431-434.
[22] 吴涛,CAO Chen,赵象卓,等.不同肋间距锚杆锚固性能实验室试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2545-2553.WU Tao,CAO Chen,ZHAO Xiangzhuo,et al.Laboratorial study of anchorage performance in different rib spacings of bolt[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2545-2553.
[23] 赵象卓,张宏伟,CAO Chen,等.不同围岩条件下锚杆肋间距与锚固力优化研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(4):1-9.ZHAO Xiangzhuo,ZHANG Hongwei,CAO Chen,et al.Study on optimization of bolts rib spacing and anchoring force in different conditions of surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(4):1-9.
[24] CAO C,NEMCIK J,REN T,et al.A study of rock bolting failure modes[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(1):79-88.
[25] CAO C,NEMCIK J,AZIZ N,et al.Analytical study of steel bolt profile and its influence on bolt load transfer[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2013,60(6):188-195.
[26] CAO C,REN T,COOK C,et al.Analytical approach in optimising selection of rebar bolts in preventing rock bolting failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2014,72:16-25.
[27] LIANG Y,HE M,CAO C,et al.A mechanical model for conebolts[J].Computers & Geotechnics,2017,83:142-151.
[28] YAZICI S,KAISER P K.Bond strength of grouted cable bolts[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts,1992,29(3):279-292.
[29] HYETT A J,BAWDEN W F,MACSPORRAN G R,et al.A constitutive law for bond failure of fully-grouted cable bolts using a modified Hoek cell[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(1):11-36.