多轴载荷作用下减振器耐久性试验载荷谱编制
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摘要
传统的减振器耐久性试验只考虑减振器的垂向载荷,对于水平力的加载没有统一的标准,导致试验结果不准确,针对该问题,结合实测用户道路载荷,提出了一种考虑多轴载荷作用的载荷谱编制方法。为了分析某型轿车出现减振器失效漏油的原因,采用低频信号叠加高频信号的方式构建载荷谱,运用半功率带宽法和最大线速度原理确定低频及高频信号,并进行了垂向力及水平力同时加载的减振器台架耐久性试验。试验结果表明,在水平力作用下减振器寿命受到较大影响,且失效里程与调查结果基本吻合,由此说明所编制的耐久性试验载荷谱能够较为准确地复现减振器的实际工作情况,可为减振器的设计和改进提供技术支持。
Traditional damper durability tests only took the vertical loads into consideration and without unified standard for horizontal force loading,which led to inaccurate results.Given this situation,combined with actual user road load,this paper proposed a new method considering load spectrum with the multi-axial loads.With sine on sine method to compilation the load spectrum in order to analyze the failure reason of damper.The half-power bandwidth method and the maximum line velocity principle were employed to determine the low frequencies and high frequencies respectively,then establish durability bench test with multi-axial loads.The test results show that damper's failure lifes reduce greatly with the horizontal forces and the failure mileage consisted with survey results.It turns out that the spectrum compilation method may be more accurate to reappear the actual working status,and may provide technical support for the damper designs and improvements.
Traditional damper durability tests only took the vertical loads into consideration and without unified standard for horizontal force loading,which led to inaccurate results.Given this situation,combined with actual user road load,this paper proposed a new method considering load spectrum with the multi-axial loads.With sine on sine method to compilation the load spectrum in order to analyze the failure reason of damper.The half-power bandwidth method and the maximum line velocity principle were employed to determine the low frequencies and high frequencies respectively,then establish durability bench test with multi-axial loads.The test results show that damper's failure lifes reduce greatly with the horizontal forces and the failure mileage consisted with survey results.It turns out that the spectrum compilation method may be more accurate to reappear the actual working status,and may provide technical support for the damper designs and improvements.
引文
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[2]钱立军,吴道俊,杨年炯,等.基于室内道路模拟技术的整车加速谱耐久性试验的研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(2):91-96.QIAN Lijun,WU Daojun,YANG Nianjiong,et al.A Research on Vehicle Accelerated Durability Test Based on Indoor Road Simulation Technology[J].Automotive Engineering,2011,33(2):91-96.
[3]Vol N.Fatigue Testing and Analysis:Theory and Practice[J].Mechanical Engineering,2004,126(11):59.
[4]于佳伟,郑松林,赵礼辉,等.整车室内道路模拟试验用载荷谱的编制方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(14):93-99.YU Jiawei,ZHENG Songlin,ZHAO Lihui,et al.Research on Spectrum Development Methodology for Vehicle Indoor Road Simulation Test[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(14):99-93.
[5]张弢.汽车减振器虚拟试验研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2008.ZHANG Tao.A Study of Virtual Test on the Performance of the Shock Absorber[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
[6]曲承童.汽车减振器双动耐久性试验台设计[D].长春:长春理工大学,2013.QU Chengtong.The Design of the Double Acting Durability Test Bed for Automobile Shock Absorber[D].Changchun:Changchun University of Science and Technology,2013.
[7]景立新,郭孔辉,卢荡.麦弗逊悬架减震器侧向力优化[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(1):71-75.JING Lixin,GUO Konghui,LU Dang,Optimization of Lateral Force for Macpherson Suspension Shock Absorber[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(1):71-75.
[8]柳江,喻凡,楼乐明.麦弗逊悬架侧载螺旋弹簧优化设计[J].汽车工程,2006,28(8):743-746.LIU Jiang,YU Fan,LOU Leming,Optimization Design of Side Load Coil Springs for Macpherson Suspension[J].Automotive Engineering,2006,28(8):743-746.
[9]刘延庆,张建武,顾力强.车辆筒式减振器活塞杆侧向摩擦现象试验分析[J].机械强度,2003,25(1):16-20.LIU Yanqing,ZHANG Jianwu,GU Liqiang.Testing Analysis of Piston Rod Lateral Friction for Vehicle Tube Shock Absorber[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2003,25(1):16-20.
[10]沈永峰,郑松林,王治瑞,等.某型轿车摆臂程序载荷谱编制研究[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(14):1974-1978.SHEN Yongfeng,ZHENG Songlin,WANG Zhirui,et al.Research on Compilation of Automotive Swing Arm Program Spectrum[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(14):1974-1978.
[11]李彤,宋冬冬.用Matlab研究半功率带宽法[J].实验技术与管理,2009,26(1):92-94.LI Tong,SONG Dongdong.Research on the Halfpower Bandwidth Method Based on Matlab[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2009,26(1):92-94.
[12]郑松林,周亚捷,冯金芝,等.一种新的考虑伪损伤保留的道路载荷模拟试验加速方法[J].机械强度,2017,39(2):410-416.ZHENG Songlin,ZHOU Yajie,FENG Jinzhi,et al.A New Spectrum Development Methodology Based on Pseudo Damage Reserving for Load Simulation Test[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2017,39(2):410-416.