濒危植物朝鲜崖柏克隆种群可塑性及其对土壤条件的响应
|
摘要
朝鲜崖柏为长白山植物区系特有树种,是国家Ⅱ级重点保护的珍稀濒危植物。通过调查长白山区天然分布朝鲜崖柏种群的生境条件和克隆构件的形态学指标,分析了朝鲜崖柏克隆种群特征,并基于构件理论,采用灰色关联及通径分析方法,对种群构件与土壤因子的关系进行研究。结果表明:1)朝鲜崖柏克隆种群具有较强的表型可塑性,分布于暗针叶林下的朝鲜崖柏克隆种群分株间隔子长、地上扩张域、分株间距高于朝鲜崖柏纯林群落,种群构件变异性较高。2)朝鲜崖柏克隆生长格局介于密集型和游击型之间,具有快速克隆扩张能力和明显的斑块状。在土壤贫瘠的纯林群落内,种群更趋近于密集型分布;在土壤条件较好的暗针叶林下,更趋于游击型分布。3)朝鲜崖柏克隆种群生长对土壤异质性的响应具有特殊性,土壤水分是影响朝鲜崖柏种群扩张的最关键因子,土壤p H值、土壤腐殖酸、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾是影响朝鲜崖柏克隆种群构件较重要的因子。4)土壤养分直接影响克隆植物构件特征及生态适应对策,各克隆分株构件受土壤养分影响的排序为速效磷>速效钾>有机质>全氮。
Thuja koraiensis,an endemic tree species in the Changbai Mountain,is listed as the China's national second-level protected plant species. In this study,we investigated the habitat conditions and morphological indices of the naturally distributed T. koraiensis population in Changbai Mountain,to analyze its clonal population characteristics. We used grey relational analysis and path analysis to examine the relationship between population modules and soil factors based on the module theory. The results showed that:( 1) The clonal population of T. koraiensis had strong phenotypic plasticity. The clonal population with patches distributed under dark coniferous forests had longer spacer length,larger aboveground expansion domain,higher ramet spacing than the population in T. koraiensis pure forest. The population modules had higher variability.( 2) The clonal growth pattern of T. koraiensis was between intensive and guerrilla type. It had rapid clonal expansion ability and obvious patch distribution. In the pure forest community with nutrient-poor soil,the clonal growth pattern was closer to the intensive distribution. Under the dark coniferous forest with better soil conditions,the clonal growth pattern tended to be guerrilla distribution.( 3) The response of T. koraiensis clonal population growth to soil heterogeneity was specific. Soil moisture was the most important factor affecting the expansion of T. koraiensis population. Soil pH,soil humic acid,soil available phosphorus,and soil available potassium were important factors affecting the clonal population modules of T. koraiensis.( 4) Soil nutrients directly affected the characteristics of clonal modules and ecological adaptation strategies. The soil nutrients affecting each clonal module were in order of soil available phosphorus > soil available potassium > soil organic matter > soil total nitrogen.
Thuja koraiensis,an endemic tree species in the Changbai Mountain,is listed as the China's national second-level protected plant species. In this study,we investigated the habitat conditions and morphological indices of the naturally distributed T. koraiensis population in Changbai Mountain,to analyze its clonal population characteristics. We used grey relational analysis and path analysis to examine the relationship between population modules and soil factors based on the module theory. The results showed that:( 1) The clonal population of T. koraiensis had strong phenotypic plasticity. The clonal population with patches distributed under dark coniferous forests had longer spacer length,larger aboveground expansion domain,higher ramet spacing than the population in T. koraiensis pure forest. The population modules had higher variability.( 2) The clonal growth pattern of T. koraiensis was between intensive and guerrilla type. It had rapid clonal expansion ability and obvious patch distribution. In the pure forest community with nutrient-poor soil,the clonal growth pattern was closer to the intensive distribution. Under the dark coniferous forest with better soil conditions,the clonal growth pattern tended to be guerrilla distribution.( 3) The response of T. koraiensis clonal population growth to soil heterogeneity was specific. Soil moisture was the most important factor affecting the expansion of T. koraiensis population. Soil pH,soil humic acid,soil available phosphorus,and soil available potassium were important factors affecting the clonal population modules of T. koraiensis.( 4) Soil nutrients directly affected the characteristics of clonal modules and ecological adaptation strategies. The soil nutrients affecting each clonal module were in order of soil available phosphorus > soil available potassium > soil organic matter > soil total nitrogen.
引文
董鸣,阿拉腾宝,邢雪荣,等.1999.根茎禾草沙鞭的克隆基株及分株种群特征.植物生态学报,23(4):302-310.
董鸣.2011.克隆植物生态学.北京:科学出版社.
董鸣.1996.资源异质性环境中的植物克隆生长:觅食行为.植物学报,38(10):828-835.
何维明,董鸣.2002.分蘖型克隆植物黍分株和基株对异质养分环境的等级反应.生态学报,22(2):169-175.
金慧,尹航,赵莹,等.2017.长白山牛皮杜鹃种群构件及其与土壤因子的灰色关联度.东北林业大学学报,45(9):62-65.
李镇清.1999.克隆植物构型及其对资源异质性的响应.植物学报,41(8):893-895.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.
孟繁华.1997.长白侧柏的生境与生长规律的初步研究.东北林业大学学报,25(5):50-52.
戚继忠,孙广仁,杨文胜,等.1995.长白侧柏枝叶精油化学成分分析.植物资源与环境,4(2):61-62.
宋明华,董鸣.2002.群落中克隆植物的重要性.生态学报,22(11):1960-1967.
汪松,解焱.2004.中国物种红色名录(第一卷).北京:高等教育出版社.
王戈戎,夏富才,刘宝东,等.2017.朝鲜崖柏生境及高生长规律分析.北华大学学报,18(3):312-314.
杨智蕴,田作霖,刘群,等.1994.朝鲜崖柏叶挥发油化学成分研究.东北师大学报:自然科学版,26(1):136-140.
叶子奇,邓如军,王雨辰,等.2018.胡杨繁殖根系分枝特征及其与土壤因子的关联性.北京林业大学学报,40(2):31-39.
尹航,赵莹,崔凯峰,等.2013.朝鲜崖柏无性繁育技术.中国野生植物资源,32(1):68-69.
尹航,赵莹,金慧,等.2016.IBA处理对朝鲜崖柏硬枝插穗生根的影响.吉林林业科技,45(6):19-22.
张称意,杨持,董鸣.2001.根茎半灌木羊柴对光合同化物的克隆整合.生态学报,21(12):1986-1993.
周资行,李真,焦健,等.2014.腾格里沙漠南缘唐古刺克隆分株生长格局及枝系构型分析.草业学报,23(1):12-21.
朱丽洁,王绍明,夏军,等.2012.羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)克隆构型及不同环境中的分株种群特征.干旱区研究,29(5):770-775.
Elisabeth HS,Pyke DA,Caldwell MM.1998.Effects of nutrient patches and root systems on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass.Ecology,79:2267-2280.
Evans JP.1992.The effect of local resource availability and clonal integration on ramet functional morphology in Hydrocotyle bonariensis.Oecologia,89:265-276.
Grime JP,Crick JC,Rincon JE.1986.The ecological significance of plasticity//Plasticity in Plants.Jennings DH,Trewavas AJ,eds.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Grubb PJ,Lee WG,Kollmann J,et al.1996.Interaction of irradiance and soil nutrient supply on growth of seedlings of ten European tall-shrub species and Fagus sylvatica.Journal of Ecology,84:827-840.
Hutchings MJ,Kroon HD.1994.Foraging in plants:The role of morphological plasticity in resource acquisition.Advances in Ecological Research,25:159-238.
Smith SE.1998.Variation in response to defoliation between populations of Bouteloua curtipendula var.caespitosa(Poaceae)with different livestock grazing histories.American Journal of Botany,85:1266-1272.
Song MH,Dong M,Jiang GM.2002.Importance of clonal plants and plant species diversity in the Northeast China Transect.Ecological Research,17:705-716.
Watson MA,Geber MA,Jones CS.1995.Ontogentic contingency and the expression of plant plasticity.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,10:474-475.
董鸣.2011.克隆植物生态学.北京:科学出版社.
董鸣.1996.资源异质性环境中的植物克隆生长:觅食行为.植物学报,38(10):828-835.
何维明,董鸣.2002.分蘖型克隆植物黍分株和基株对异质养分环境的等级反应.生态学报,22(2):169-175.
金慧,尹航,赵莹,等.2017.长白山牛皮杜鹃种群构件及其与土壤因子的灰色关联度.东北林业大学学报,45(9):62-65.
李镇清.1999.克隆植物构型及其对资源异质性的响应.植物学报,41(8):893-895.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.
孟繁华.1997.长白侧柏的生境与生长规律的初步研究.东北林业大学学报,25(5):50-52.
戚继忠,孙广仁,杨文胜,等.1995.长白侧柏枝叶精油化学成分分析.植物资源与环境,4(2):61-62.
宋明华,董鸣.2002.群落中克隆植物的重要性.生态学报,22(11):1960-1967.
汪松,解焱.2004.中国物种红色名录(第一卷).北京:高等教育出版社.
王戈戎,夏富才,刘宝东,等.2017.朝鲜崖柏生境及高生长规律分析.北华大学学报,18(3):312-314.
杨智蕴,田作霖,刘群,等.1994.朝鲜崖柏叶挥发油化学成分研究.东北师大学报:自然科学版,26(1):136-140.
叶子奇,邓如军,王雨辰,等.2018.胡杨繁殖根系分枝特征及其与土壤因子的关联性.北京林业大学学报,40(2):31-39.
尹航,赵莹,崔凯峰,等.2013.朝鲜崖柏无性繁育技术.中国野生植物资源,32(1):68-69.
尹航,赵莹,金慧,等.2016.IBA处理对朝鲜崖柏硬枝插穗生根的影响.吉林林业科技,45(6):19-22.
张称意,杨持,董鸣.2001.根茎半灌木羊柴对光合同化物的克隆整合.生态学报,21(12):1986-1993.
周资行,李真,焦健,等.2014.腾格里沙漠南缘唐古刺克隆分株生长格局及枝系构型分析.草业学报,23(1):12-21.
朱丽洁,王绍明,夏军,等.2012.羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)克隆构型及不同环境中的分株种群特征.干旱区研究,29(5):770-775.
Elisabeth HS,Pyke DA,Caldwell MM.1998.Effects of nutrient patches and root systems on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass.Ecology,79:2267-2280.
Evans JP.1992.The effect of local resource availability and clonal integration on ramet functional morphology in Hydrocotyle bonariensis.Oecologia,89:265-276.
Grime JP,Crick JC,Rincon JE.1986.The ecological significance of plasticity//Plasticity in Plants.Jennings DH,Trewavas AJ,eds.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Grubb PJ,Lee WG,Kollmann J,et al.1996.Interaction of irradiance and soil nutrient supply on growth of seedlings of ten European tall-shrub species and Fagus sylvatica.Journal of Ecology,84:827-840.
Hutchings MJ,Kroon HD.1994.Foraging in plants:The role of morphological plasticity in resource acquisition.Advances in Ecological Research,25:159-238.
Smith SE.1998.Variation in response to defoliation between populations of Bouteloua curtipendula var.caespitosa(Poaceae)with different livestock grazing histories.American Journal of Botany,85:1266-1272.
Song MH,Dong M,Jiang GM.2002.Importance of clonal plants and plant species diversity in the Northeast China Transect.Ecological Research,17:705-716.
Watson MA,Geber MA,Jones CS.1995.Ontogentic contingency and the expression of plant plasticity.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,10:474-475.