考虑用户综合满意度的居民区电动汽车充放电优化策略
|
摘要
当前电动汽车充放电研究缺乏对用户侧,特别是用户出行便利性与收益的考量。为此,分析居民区电动汽车用户的出行特性和出行需求,建立了包含用户出行便利度和充放电经济度的用户综合满意度模型,以此模型为目标提出了最大化用户综合满意度的电动汽车充放电优化策略,并使用遗传算法对其求解,通过算例仿真验证了所提模型的有效性。利用该模型还研究了电动汽车规模化入网对电网负荷波动的影响,基于某居民区负荷数据进行仿真计算,对比分析了不同峰谷电价对电动汽车充放电优化策略的影响,结果表明:通过峰谷分时电价引导电动汽车入网可降低负荷峰谷差,且随着峰谷电价差的增加,更多的用户为电网提供削峰填谷辅助性服务,负荷峰谷差和均方差随之降低。
At present,the research on charging-discharging of electric vehicles (EV) lacks consideration of the user side,especially the convenience and profitability of users. Therefore,this paper analyzes the driving characteristics and driving demand of the user of EV in residential area,and establishes the user comprehensive satisfaction model including driving convenience and charge-discharging economy. Based on this model,charging-discharging optimization strategy of EV is put forward to maximize user satisfaction and the genetic algorithm is used to solve it,the validity of the proposed optimization model is verified by results of example. The model is also used to study the impact of large-scale EV charging-discharging optimization strategy on load fluctuation of power grid. Based on the load data of a residential area,the simulation is carried out and the influence of different peak-valley prices on EV charging-discharging strategy is analyzed. Case analysis shows that the difference between peak and valley loads is reduced,and with the increase of peak-valley electricity price,more users discharge during peak load and charge during low load,and the peak-valley difference and mean-square deviation of grid load decrease accordingly.
At present,the research on charging-discharging of electric vehicles (EV) lacks consideration of the user side,especially the convenience and profitability of users. Therefore,this paper analyzes the driving characteristics and driving demand of the user of EV in residential area,and establishes the user comprehensive satisfaction model including driving convenience and charge-discharging economy. Based on this model,charging-discharging optimization strategy of EV is put forward to maximize user satisfaction and the genetic algorithm is used to solve it,the validity of the proposed optimization model is verified by results of example. The model is also used to study the impact of large-scale EV charging-discharging optimization strategy on load fluctuation of power grid. Based on the load data of a residential area,the simulation is carried out and the influence of different peak-valley prices on EV charging-discharging strategy is analyzed. Case analysis shows that the difference between peak and valley loads is reduced,and with the increase of peak-valley electricity price,more users discharge during peak load and charge during low load,and the peak-valley difference and mean-square deviation of grid load decrease accordingly.
引文
[1]王行行,赵晋泉,王珂,等.考虑用户满意度和配网安全的电动汽车多目标双层充电优化[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2165-2172.Wang Xingxing,Zhao Jinquan,Wang Ke,et al.Multi-objective Bi-level Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization Considering User Satisfaction Degree and Distribution Grid Security[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2165-2172.
[2]Qi X,Wu G,Boriboonsomsin K,et al.Development and evaluation of an evolutionary algorithm-based online energy management system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2016,PP(99):1-11.
[3]李惠玲,白晓民,电动汽车充电对配电网的影响及对策[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):38-43.Li Huiling,Bai Xiaomin.Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Distribution Grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):38-43.
[4]Kristien C-N,Edwin H,Johan D.The Impact of Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on a Residential Distribution Grid[J].IEEETransactions on Power System,2010,25(1):371-380.
[5]Veldman E,Verzijlbergh R A.Distribution Grid Impacts of Smart Electric Vehicle Charging From Different Perspectives[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(1):333-342.
[6]魏大钧,张承慧,孙波,等.基于分时电价的电动汽车充放电多目标优化调度[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):2972-2977.Wei Dajun,Zhang Chenghui,Sun Bo,et al.A Time-of-Use Price Based Multi-Objective Optimal Dispatching for Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):2972-2977.
[7]麻秀范,王超,洪潇,等.基于实时电价的电动汽车充放电优化策略和经济调度模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(s1):190-202.Ma Xiufan,Wang Chao,Hong Xiao,et al.Optimal Scheduling of Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicle Based on Real Time Price and Economic Dispatch Model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(s1):190-202.
[8]项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,等.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,(31):15-25.Xiang Ding,Song Yonghua,Hu Zechun,et al.Research on Optimal Time of Use Price for Electric Vehicle Participating V2G[J].Proceedings of the CSEE.2013,(31):15-25.
[9]徐智威,胡泽春,宋永华,等.基于动态分时电价的电动汽车充电站有序充电策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3638-3646.Xu Zhiwei,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,et al.Coordinated Charging Strategy for PEV Charging Stations Based on Dynamic Time-of-use Tariffs[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3638-3646.
[10]胡文平,何立夫,陈杰军,等.考虑大规模电动汽车接入电网的双层优化调度策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(21):22-28.Hu Wenping,He Lifu,Chen Jiejun,et al.A Bi-layer Optimization Based Schedule Considering Large-scale Electric Vehicles[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(21):22-28.
[11]Izadkhast S,Garcia-Gonzalez P,Frias P.An Aggregate Model of Plugin Electric Vehicles for Primary Frequency Control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1475-1482.
[12]潘樟惠,高赐威,刘顺桂.基于需求侧放电竞价的电动汽车充放电调度研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1140-1146.Pan Zhanghui,Gao Ciwei,Liu Shungui.Research on Charging and Discharging Dispatch of Electric Vehicles Based on Demand Side Discharge Bidding[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1140-1146.
[13]黄贵鸿,雷霞,杨毅,等.考虑风电与用户满意度的电动汽车两层智能充放电策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):85-97.Huang Guihong,Lei Xia,Yang Yi,et al.Electric vehicle two-layer smart charge-discharge tactics considering wind generation and user’s satisfaction[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):85-97.
[14]黄贵鸿,雷霞,芦杨,等.考虑用户满意度的电动汽车用户侧最优智能充放电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(24):40-47.
[15]陈汉,吴晓刚.哈尔滨市私人乘用车出行特征及行驶工况的构建[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2017,22(4).
[16]陆凌蓉,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.电动汽车提供辅助服务的经济性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(14):43-49.
[17]WHITE C D,ZHANG K M.Using vehicle-to-grid technology for frequency regulation and peak-load reduction[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(8):3972-3980.
[18]黄一诺,郭创新,王力成,等.考虑用户满意度的电动汽车分群调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):183-191.
[19]王岱,管晓宏,吴江,等.基于车辆行驶行为特性建模的电动汽车充放电策略与分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2322-2327.
[20]李明洋,邹斌.电动汽车充放电决策模型及电价的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,(15):75-81.
[2]Qi X,Wu G,Boriboonsomsin K,et al.Development and evaluation of an evolutionary algorithm-based online energy management system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2016,PP(99):1-11.
[3]李惠玲,白晓民,电动汽车充电对配电网的影响及对策[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):38-43.Li Huiling,Bai Xiaomin.Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Distribution Grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):38-43.
[4]Kristien C-N,Edwin H,Johan D.The Impact of Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on a Residential Distribution Grid[J].IEEETransactions on Power System,2010,25(1):371-380.
[5]Veldman E,Verzijlbergh R A.Distribution Grid Impacts of Smart Electric Vehicle Charging From Different Perspectives[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(1):333-342.
[6]魏大钧,张承慧,孙波,等.基于分时电价的电动汽车充放电多目标优化调度[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):2972-2977.Wei Dajun,Zhang Chenghui,Sun Bo,et al.A Time-of-Use Price Based Multi-Objective Optimal Dispatching for Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):2972-2977.
[7]麻秀范,王超,洪潇,等.基于实时电价的电动汽车充放电优化策略和经济调度模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(s1):190-202.Ma Xiufan,Wang Chao,Hong Xiao,et al.Optimal Scheduling of Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicle Based on Real Time Price and Economic Dispatch Model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(s1):190-202.
[8]项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,等.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,(31):15-25.Xiang Ding,Song Yonghua,Hu Zechun,et al.Research on Optimal Time of Use Price for Electric Vehicle Participating V2G[J].Proceedings of the CSEE.2013,(31):15-25.
[9]徐智威,胡泽春,宋永华,等.基于动态分时电价的电动汽车充电站有序充电策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3638-3646.Xu Zhiwei,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,et al.Coordinated Charging Strategy for PEV Charging Stations Based on Dynamic Time-of-use Tariffs[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3638-3646.
[10]胡文平,何立夫,陈杰军,等.考虑大规模电动汽车接入电网的双层优化调度策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(21):22-28.Hu Wenping,He Lifu,Chen Jiejun,et al.A Bi-layer Optimization Based Schedule Considering Large-scale Electric Vehicles[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(21):22-28.
[11]Izadkhast S,Garcia-Gonzalez P,Frias P.An Aggregate Model of Plugin Electric Vehicles for Primary Frequency Control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1475-1482.
[12]潘樟惠,高赐威,刘顺桂.基于需求侧放电竞价的电动汽车充放电调度研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1140-1146.Pan Zhanghui,Gao Ciwei,Liu Shungui.Research on Charging and Discharging Dispatch of Electric Vehicles Based on Demand Side Discharge Bidding[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1140-1146.
[13]黄贵鸿,雷霞,杨毅,等.考虑风电与用户满意度的电动汽车两层智能充放电策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):85-97.Huang Guihong,Lei Xia,Yang Yi,et al.Electric vehicle two-layer smart charge-discharge tactics considering wind generation and user’s satisfaction[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):85-97.
[14]黄贵鸿,雷霞,芦杨,等.考虑用户满意度的电动汽车用户侧最优智能充放电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(24):40-47.
[15]陈汉,吴晓刚.哈尔滨市私人乘用车出行特征及行驶工况的构建[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2017,22(4).
[16]陆凌蓉,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.电动汽车提供辅助服务的经济性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(14):43-49.
[17]WHITE C D,ZHANG K M.Using vehicle-to-grid technology for frequency regulation and peak-load reduction[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(8):3972-3980.
[18]黄一诺,郭创新,王力成,等.考虑用户满意度的电动汽车分群调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):183-191.
[19]王岱,管晓宏,吴江,等.基于车辆行驶行为特性建模的电动汽车充放电策略与分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2322-2327.
[20]李明洋,邹斌.电动汽车充放电决策模型及电价的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,(15):75-81.