微型电动汽车车架结构轻量化设计研究
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摘要
为了提高微型电动汽车车架材料的利用率,利用Creo软件建立三维模型,并导入ANSYS Workbench软件对原车架模型进行有限元静态、模态分析,依据分析结果进行结构改进。对改进后的车架进行力学特性验证分析,发现应力偏大。根据车架强度要求,基于Design Xplorer模块建立车架多目标驱动尺寸优化模型,对车架梁布局进行分析,获得较合理的优化方案;最后对优化后的样车进行动力性能试验研究,验证车架的安全稳定性。结果表明:轻量化后的车架质量比原车架减少了74. 58 kg,降低了27. 74%;而最大等效应力增大了15. 42 MPa,提高了17. 44%,但仍远远低于材料的屈服极限,符合车架强度要求。
In order to improve the utilization ratio of the material of the micro electric vehicle frame,the frame 3 D model is built with Creo software and introduced into the ANSYS Workbench software,then the static and modal of the frame are analyzed and the structure of the frame is improved based on analysis results. The mechanical properties of the improved frame are verified and analyzed,and the stress is found to be large. According to the requirement of frame strength,the frame multi-objective driven optimization design model is established based on Design Xplorer,and the layout of the frame is analyzed,and the reasonable optimization scheme is obtained. Finally,the optimized sample vehicle dynamic performance is tested to verify the safety and stability of the vehicle frame. According to the analysis results,the quality of the optimized frame is reduced by 74. 58 kg than that of the original frame,which is reduced by 27. 74 %. The maximum stress of the optimized frame is increased by 15. 42 MPa than that of the original frame,which is increase by 17. 44 %,but that is still far below the yield limit of the material and in accordance with the requirements of the strength of the frame.
In order to improve the utilization ratio of the material of the micro electric vehicle frame,the frame 3 D model is built with Creo software and introduced into the ANSYS Workbench software,then the static and modal of the frame are analyzed and the structure of the frame is improved based on analysis results. The mechanical properties of the improved frame are verified and analyzed,and the stress is found to be large. According to the requirement of frame strength,the frame multi-objective driven optimization design model is established based on Design Xplorer,and the layout of the frame is analyzed,and the reasonable optimization scheme is obtained. Finally,the optimized sample vehicle dynamic performance is tested to verify the safety and stability of the vehicle frame. According to the analysis results,the quality of the optimized frame is reduced by 74. 58 kg than that of the original frame,which is reduced by 27. 74 %. The maximum stress of the optimized frame is increased by 15. 42 MPa than that of the original frame,which is increase by 17. 44 %,but that is still far below the yield limit of the material and in accordance with the requirements of the strength of the frame.
引文
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[2]唐焱,刘俊杰,陈金龙.电动车辆白车身灵敏度分析及优化[J].现代制造工程,2016(6):149-152.
[3]张娜娜,赵匀,刘宏新.高速水稻插秧机车架的轻量化设计[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):55-59.
[4]丁荣,苏小平,王宏楠.轿车副车架轻量化设计[J].机械设计,2015,32(3):37-40.
[5]钱洋,朱茂桃,郭佳欢.微型电动汽车车身的轻量化[J].机械设计与研究,2014,30(6):146-150.
[6]于玉真,李励,肖健.微型电动汽车车身结构改进及动态试验分析[J].现代制造工程,2017(7):75-79.
[7]胡朝辉,张健,李光耀,等.基于区间分隔的卡车车架轻量化设计[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(8):1130-1135.
[8]姚艳春,杜岳峰,朱忠祥,等.基于模态的玉米收获机车架振动特性分析与优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):46-53.
[9]孟凡刚,巫世晶,张增磊,等.特高压断路器传动机构动态特性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(5):1519-1526.
[10]梅声远,张维刚,赵国锋,等.扭转梁半独立后悬架结构强度及动态特性的有限元分析[J].汽车工程,2012,34(11):990-994.
[11]冯国胜.汽车车架动特性分析及应用[J].汽车技术,1994(8):9-12.
[12]于玉真,王飞,董小雷,等.基于ANSYS传动滚筒的结构改进及优化[J].机械传动,2016,40(6):86-89.
[13]王新彦,戈余丽,桂天,等.基于响应面法的液压平板车车架结构优化[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(16):2261-2265.