沟槽参数对螺旋槽液膜密封空化诱发影响分析
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摘要
为进一步探索液膜密封端面空穴发生诱因及其影响规律,本文基于JFO(Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson)空化边界,建立双坝区中间开螺旋槽的液膜密封物理模型,通过空穴可视化实验验证了程序算法的准确性,分析了不同空化边界下液膜密封的空穴特征。以密封面间润滑液体的液膜压力和密度变化为判据,探讨了槽深、槽角和槽数等参数对液膜始破位置、重生位置及空穴发生面积的影响。结果表明:相比Half-Sommerfeld和Reynolds空化边界,基于JFO空化边界计算的空穴特征能更好地与实验结果相吻合;较大槽深和槽数,均缩小了液膜始破位置沿螺旋方向的空穴长度和液膜重生位置沿周向的空穴宽度,前者提升了两位置的空穴度,而后者降低了液膜重生位置的空穴度;槽角的增大,在扩大两位置空穴尺度的同时,提升了相应位置的空穴度;而液膜中空穴发生面积随槽深的增加线性降低,在较小槽角时先线性增加后随槽角增大呈抛物线增加趋势,而在槽数大于12时随槽数增加线性降低。
In order to further explore the cavitation inducements of liquid film seals and their regular influences,based on the Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson(JFO)cavitation boundary,physical model of liquid film seals with spiral groove in the middle and double dam areas was established. The accuracy of the programmed algorithm was verified by cavitation visualization experiment, and the cavitation characteristics of liquid film seals under different cavitation boundaries was analyzed. Effects of groove parameters such as groove depth,groove angle and groove number on the location of liquid film rupture and reformation as well as the cavitation occurrence area were probed into,with the changes of pressure and density of the lubricant between the sealing faces as the criterion. Results showed that cavitation characteristics calculated by JFO cavitation boundary can be better matched with the experiment results,compared with Half-Sommerfeld and Reynolds cavitation boundaries. Both larger groove depth and groove angle are help to shorten the cavitation length along the helical direction at the locus of liquid film rupture and the cavitation width along the circumferential direction at the locus of liquid film reformation,and the former promotes the cavitation degree of the two locations while the latter reducing that of the liquid film reformation location. Increasing groove angle enlarges the cavitation sizes of the two locations and also promotes the cavitation degrees of the corresponding locations. Cavitation area in the liquid film decreases linearly as groove depth increases and it shows a linear upward trend as groove angle is small followed by a parabolic increase trend with increasing groove angle. When groove number is more than 12,the cavitation area takes on a linear decrease trend as it increases.
In order to further explore the cavitation inducements of liquid film seals and their regular influences,based on the Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson(JFO)cavitation boundary,physical model of liquid film seals with spiral groove in the middle and double dam areas was established. The accuracy of the programmed algorithm was verified by cavitation visualization experiment, and the cavitation characteristics of liquid film seals under different cavitation boundaries was analyzed. Effects of groove parameters such as groove depth,groove angle and groove number on the location of liquid film rupture and reformation as well as the cavitation occurrence area were probed into,with the changes of pressure and density of the lubricant between the sealing faces as the criterion. Results showed that cavitation characteristics calculated by JFO cavitation boundary can be better matched with the experiment results,compared with Half-Sommerfeld and Reynolds cavitation boundaries. Both larger groove depth and groove angle are help to shorten the cavitation length along the helical direction at the locus of liquid film rupture and the cavitation width along the circumferential direction at the locus of liquid film reformation,and the former promotes the cavitation degree of the two locations while the latter reducing that of the liquid film reformation location. Increasing groove angle enlarges the cavitation sizes of the two locations and also promotes the cavitation degrees of the corresponding locations. Cavitation area in the liquid film decreases linearly as groove depth increases and it shows a linear upward trend as groove angle is small followed by a parabolic increase trend with increasing groove angle. When groove number is more than 12,the cavitation area takes on a linear decrease trend as it increases.
引文
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[2]郝木明,李振涛,任宝杰,等.机械密封技术及应用[M].2版.北京:中国石化出版社,2014:76-78.HAO M M,LI Z T,REN B J,et al.Mechanical seal technology and application[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2014:76-78.
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[5]陈汇龙,吴强波,左木子,等.机械密封端面液膜空化的研究进展[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(2):138-144.CHEN H L,WU Q B,ZUO M Z,et al.Overview on liquid film cavitation in mechanical seal faces[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2015,33(2):138-144.
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[8]QIU Y,KHONSARI M M.On the prediction of cavitation in dimples using a mass-conservative algorithm[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2009,131:041702-1-11.
[9]唐飞翔,孟祥凯,李纪云,等.基于质量守恒的Laserface液体润滑机械密封数值分析[J].化工学报,2013,64(10):3694-3700.TANG F X,MENG X K,LI J Y,et al.Numerical analysis of Laser Face liquid mechanical seal based on mass conservation[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(10):3694-3700.
[10]郝木明,庄媛,章大海,等.考虑空化效应的螺旋槽液膜密封特性数值研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(3):132-137.HAO M M,ZHUANG Y,ZHANG D H,et al.Numerical study on sealing performance of spiral groove liquid film seal considering effects of cavitation[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2015,39(3):132-137.
[11]李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.基于CFD的端面空化对液膜密封稳态特性影响研究[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(2):26-31.LI Z T,HAO M M,YANG W J,et al.Study of the effects of cavitation on steady characteristics of liquid film seals based on CFD technique[J].Lubrication and Engineering,2016,41(2):26-31.
[12]陈汇龙,王彬,任坤腾,等.空化热效应对上游泵送机械密封润滑性能的影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(10):4334-4343.CHEN H L,WANG B,REN K T,et al.Influence cavitation thermal effect on lubrication properties of upstream pumping mechanical seal[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(10):4334-4343.
[13]赵一民,苑士华,胡纪滨,等.基于质量守恒边界条件的螺旋槽旋转密封性能分析[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(22):142-149.ZHAO Y M,YUAN S H,HU J B,et al.Performance analysis of spiral-groove rotary seals considering mass conserving boundary condition[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(22):142-149.
[14]赵一民,魏超,苑士华.两种空化边界条件下的旋转密封润滑状态分析与试验[J].兵工学报,2014,35(12):1937-1942.ZHAO Y M,WEI C,YUAN S H.Analysis and experiment of lubrication condition of rotary seal based on two cavitation boundary conditions[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(12):1937-1942.
[15]JAMES D D,POTTER A F.Numerical analysis of the gas-lubricated spiral-groove thrust bearing-compressor[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,1967,89(4):439-443.
[16]KAWABATA N.A study on the numerical analysis of fluid film lubrication by the boundary-fitted coordinates system[J].Transactions of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers(Series C),1987,53(494):2155-2160.
[17]李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.波度和锥度对液体润滑机械密封空化特性影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(5):2005-2014.LI Z T,HAO M M,YANG W J,et al.Effects of waviness and taper on cavitation characteristic of liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(5):2005-2014.
[18]YU T H,SADEGHI F.Groove effects on thrust washer lubrication[J].Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):295-304.
[19]ZHAO Y M,HU J B,WEI C.Dynamic analysis of spiral-groove rotary seal ring for wet clutches[J].Journal of Tribology,2014,136(3):031710.
[20]PAYVAR P,SALANT R F.A computational method for cavitation in a wavy mechanical seal[J].Journal of Tribology,1992,114(1):199-204.
[21]李强,郑水英,刘淑莲.计入JFO边界条件的滑动轴承性能分析[J].机械强度,2010,32(2):270-274.LI Q,ZHENG S Y,LIU S L.Analysis of the performance of journal bearings with JFO boundary condition[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2010,32(2):270-274.
[22]李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.螺旋槽液膜密封端面空化发生机理[J].化工学报,2016,67(11):4750-4761.LI Z T,HAO M M,YANG W J,et al.Cavitation mechanism of spiral groove liquid film seals[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(11):4750-4761.
[2]郝木明,李振涛,任宝杰,等.机械密封技术及应用[M].2版.北京:中国石化出版社,2014:76-78.HAO M M,LI Z T,REN B J,et al.Mechanical seal technology and application[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2014:76-78.
[3]马相孚.低温流体空化特性数值研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.MA X F.Numerical study on cavitating flow cryogenic fluids[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[4]王丽丽.高速滑动轴承的界面滑移及空穴机理研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.WANG L L.Study on wall slip and cavitation mechanism of a high speed journal bearing[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012.
[5]陈汇龙,吴强波,左木子,等.机械密封端面液膜空化的研究进展[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(2):138-144.CHEN H L,WU Q B,ZUO M Z,et al.Overview on liquid film cavitation in mechanical seal faces[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2015,33(2):138-144.
[6]ETSION I,KLIGERMAN Y.Analytical and experimental investigation of laser-textured mechanical seal faces[J].Tribology Transactions,1999(3):511-516.
[7]彭旭东,刘鑫,孟祥凯,等.锥面-微孔组合端面机械密封性能[J].化工学报,2011,62(12):3463-3470.PENG X D,LIU X,MENG X K,et al.Performance of mechanical face seal with both surface micro-pores and convergent coning[J].CIESC Journal,2011,62(12):3463-3470.
[8]QIU Y,KHONSARI M M.On the prediction of cavitation in dimples using a mass-conservative algorithm[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2009,131:041702-1-11.
[9]唐飞翔,孟祥凯,李纪云,等.基于质量守恒的Laserface液体润滑机械密封数值分析[J].化工学报,2013,64(10):3694-3700.TANG F X,MENG X K,LI J Y,et al.Numerical analysis of Laser Face liquid mechanical seal based on mass conservation[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(10):3694-3700.
[10]郝木明,庄媛,章大海,等.考虑空化效应的螺旋槽液膜密封特性数值研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(3):132-137.HAO M M,ZHUANG Y,ZHANG D H,et al.Numerical study on sealing performance of spiral groove liquid film seal considering effects of cavitation[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2015,39(3):132-137.
[11]李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.基于CFD的端面空化对液膜密封稳态特性影响研究[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(2):26-31.LI Z T,HAO M M,YANG W J,et al.Study of the effects of cavitation on steady characteristics of liquid film seals based on CFD technique[J].Lubrication and Engineering,2016,41(2):26-31.
[12]陈汇龙,王彬,任坤腾,等.空化热效应对上游泵送机械密封润滑性能的影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(10):4334-4343.CHEN H L,WANG B,REN K T,et al.Influence cavitation thermal effect on lubrication properties of upstream pumping mechanical seal[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(10):4334-4343.
[13]赵一民,苑士华,胡纪滨,等.基于质量守恒边界条件的螺旋槽旋转密封性能分析[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(22):142-149.ZHAO Y M,YUAN S H,HU J B,et al.Performance analysis of spiral-groove rotary seals considering mass conserving boundary condition[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(22):142-149.
[14]赵一民,魏超,苑士华.两种空化边界条件下的旋转密封润滑状态分析与试验[J].兵工学报,2014,35(12):1937-1942.ZHAO Y M,WEI C,YUAN S H.Analysis and experiment of lubrication condition of rotary seal based on two cavitation boundary conditions[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(12):1937-1942.
[15]JAMES D D,POTTER A F.Numerical analysis of the gas-lubricated spiral-groove thrust bearing-compressor[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,1967,89(4):439-443.
[16]KAWABATA N.A study on the numerical analysis of fluid film lubrication by the boundary-fitted coordinates system[J].Transactions of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers(Series C),1987,53(494):2155-2160.
[17]李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.波度和锥度对液体润滑机械密封空化特性影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(5):2005-2014.LI Z T,HAO M M,YANG W J,et al.Effects of waviness and taper on cavitation characteristic of liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(5):2005-2014.
[18]YU T H,SADEGHI F.Groove effects on thrust washer lubrication[J].Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):295-304.
[19]ZHAO Y M,HU J B,WEI C.Dynamic analysis of spiral-groove rotary seal ring for wet clutches[J].Journal of Tribology,2014,136(3):031710.
[20]PAYVAR P,SALANT R F.A computational method for cavitation in a wavy mechanical seal[J].Journal of Tribology,1992,114(1):199-204.
[21]李强,郑水英,刘淑莲.计入JFO边界条件的滑动轴承性能分析[J].机械强度,2010,32(2):270-274.LI Q,ZHENG S Y,LIU S L.Analysis of the performance of journal bearings with JFO boundary condition[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2010,32(2):270-274.
[22]李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.螺旋槽液膜密封端面空化发生机理[J].化工学报,2016,67(11):4750-4761.LI Z T,HAO M M,YANG W J,et al.Cavitation mechanism of spiral groove liquid film seals[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(11):4750-4761.