风储联合发电系统参与频率响应的模型预测控制策略
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摘要
储能电池的柔性控制作用使其在参与电网调频方面具有优势,将风电和储能相结合,构成风储联合发电系统参与电网调频,具有协同增效的优势。为此,基于模型预测控制方法,提出风储联合调频策略。该策略在考虑风电场和储能各自约束条件的前提下,通过求解滚动时域最优控制问题协调了两者之间的出力分配,并使用滚动时域估计方法来实时估计电网的有功功率不平衡量,从而可根据更准确的系统状态信息来计算最优控制量。最后对提出的策略进行了仿真分析,结果表明该策略能够提高电网的调频性能。
The flexible control characteristic of battery energy storage system(BESS)makes it have an advantage in participating in grid frequency regulation.The combination of wind power and energy storage has the effect of synergistic enhancement in providing frequency support.Thus,based on model predictive control(MPC),a coordinated strategy of combined wind-storage system for frequency response is proposed.By solving moving horizon optimization problem,this control strategy can optimally coordinate the output power of wind farm and energy storage while satisfying a set of constraints of the combined system.Moreover,moving horizon estimation(MHE)is used to estimate grid power imbalance in real time,which ensures that the optimization process is based on more accurate system information.Finally,the control strategy is tested through simulations and the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the performance of grid frequency regulation.
The flexible control characteristic of battery energy storage system(BESS)makes it have an advantage in participating in grid frequency regulation.The combination of wind power and energy storage has the effect of synergistic enhancement in providing frequency support.Thus,based on model predictive control(MPC),a coordinated strategy of combined wind-storage system for frequency response is proposed.By solving moving horizon optimization problem,this control strategy can optimally coordinate the output power of wind farm and energy storage while satisfying a set of constraints of the combined system.Moreover,moving horizon estimation(MHE)is used to estimate grid power imbalance in real time,which ensures that the optimization process is based on more accurate system information.Finally,the control strategy is tested through simulations and the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the performance of grid frequency regulation.
引文
[1]李军徽,冯喜超,严干贵,等.高风电渗透率下的电力系统调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(2):163-170.LI Junhui,FENG Xichao,YAN Gangui,et al.Survey on frequency regulation technology in high wind penetration power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(2):163-170.
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[15]刘向杰,孔小兵.电力工业复杂系统模型预测控制---现状与发展[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(5):99-105.LIU Xiangjie,KONG Xiaobing.Present situation and prospect of model predictive control application in complex power industrial process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(5):99-105.
[16]KHALID M,SAVKIN A V.An optimal operation of wind energy storage system for frequency control based on model predictive control[J].Renewable Energy,2012,48:127-132.
[17]WANG Haixin,YANG Junyou,CHEN Zhe,et al.Model predictive control of PMSG-based wind turbines for frequency regulation in an isolated grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2018,54(4):3077-3089.
[18]BACCINO F,CONTE F,GRILLO S,et al.An optimal model-based control technique to improve wind farm participation to frequency regulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(3):993-1003.
[19]赵国荣,黄婧丽,苏艳琴,等.基于滚动时域估计的飞行器姿态估计及三轴磁强计在线校正[J].物理学报,2015,64(21):203-211.ZHAO Guorong,HUANG Jingli,SU Yanqin,et al.Attitude estimation and three-axis magnetometer on-line calibration based on moving horizon estimation[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(21):203-211.
[20]周猛飞,李龙,逯振飞,等.基于改进UKF的滚动时域估计方法及其在PVC聚合过程中的应用[J].计算机与应用化学,2015,32(3):298-302.ZHOU Mengfei,LI Long,LU Zhenfei,et al.An improved UKF-based moving horizon estimation strategy and its application for a poly(vinyl chloride)polymerization process[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2015,32(3):298-302.
[21]杨东方,孙富春,王仕成.单目视觉系统自运动的滚动时域估计算法[J].模式识别与人工智能,2013,26(1):76-82.YANG Dongfang,SUN Fuchun,WANG Shicheng.Moving horizon estimation of ego-motion in monocular visual systems[J].PR&AI,2013,26(1):76-82.
[22]何成明,王洪涛,孙华东,等.变速风电机组调频特性分析及风电场时序协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(9):1-6.HE Chengming,WANG Hongtao,SUN Huadong,et al.Analysis on frequency control characteristics of variable speed wind turbines and coordinated frequency control strategy of wind farm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(9):1-6.
[23]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.TANG Xisheng,MIAO Fufeng,QI Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[24]张旭,陈云龙,岳帅,等.风电参与电力系统调频技术研究的回顾与展望[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1793-1803.ZHANG Xu,CHEN Yunlong,YUE Shuai,et al.Retrospect and prospect of research on frequency regulation technology of power system by wind power[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1793-1803.
[25]王毅.风力发电系统的建模与仿真[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:20-23.WANG Yi.Modeling and simulation analysis of wind power generation system[M].Beijing:China Waterpower Press,2015:20-23.
[26]GHIASSI F Y,KAZHAMIAKA F,ROSENBERG C,et al.Optimal design of solar PV farms with storage[J].IEEETransactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1586-1593.
[27]周猛飞,肖成松,逯振飞,等.基于UKF的滚动时域估计方法研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2013,30(12):1406-1410.ZHOU Mengfei,XIAO Chengsong,LU Zhenfei,et al.Moving horizon estimation based on the UKF method[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2013,30(12):1406-1410.
[28]BIAN Y,WYMAN P H,LI F,et al.Demand side contributions for system inertia in the GB power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):3521-3530.
[29]WU Ziping,GAO Wenzhong,WANG Jianhui,et al.Acoordinated primary frequency regulation from permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine generation[C]//IEEEPower Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications,July16-18,2012,Denver,USA:1-6.
[2]边晓燕,姜莹,赵耀,等.高渗透率可再生能源微电网的风柴荷协调调频策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(15):102-109.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170803006.BIAN Xiaoyan,JIANG Ying,ZHAO Yao,et al.Coordinate frequency regulation strategy of wind,diesel and load for microgrid with high-penetration renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(15):102-109.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170803006.
[3]付媛,王毅,张祥宇.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):162-172.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):162-172.
[4]朱瑛,高云波,臧海祥,等.风电机组输出功率平滑技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(18):182-191.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180105004.ZHU Ying,GAO Yunbo,ZANG Haixiang,et al.Review of output power smoothing technologies for wind turbine[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(18):182-191.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180105004.
[5]黄杨,胡伟,闵勇,等.考虑日前计划的风储联合系统多目标协调调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4743-4751.HUANG Yang,HU Wei,MIN Yong,et al.Multi-objective coordinative dispatch for wind-storage combined systems considering day-ahead generation schedules[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4743-4751.
[6]严干贵,刘嘉,崔杨,等.利用储能提高风电调度入网规模的经济性评价[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):74-81.YAN Gangui,LIU Jia,CUI Yang,et al.Economic evaluation of improving the wind power scheduling scale by energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):74-81.
[7]苗福丰,唐西胜,齐智平.风储联合调频下的电力系统频率特性分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):131-138.MIAO Fufeng,TANG Xisheng,QI Zhiping.Analysis of frequency characteristics of power system based on wind farmenergy storage combined frequency regulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):131-138.
[8]MIAO Lu,WEN Jingyu,XIE Hailian,et al.Coordinated control strategy of wind turbine generator and energy storage equipment for frequency support[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(4):2732-2742.
[9]FRANCISCO D,MELANIE H,ANDREAS S,et al.Coordinated operation of wind turbines and flywheel storage for primary frequency control support[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015,68:313-326.
[10]JIN W,SHIN Y,MUN K.Hybrid operation strategy of wind energy storage system for power grid frequency regulation[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(3):736-749.
[11]彭勃,张峰,梁军.考虑风速分区的风-储系统短期频率响应协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(8):57-65.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170925001.PENG Bo,ZHANG Feng,LIANG Jun.Coordinated control strategy for short-term frequency response of wind-energy storage system considering wind speed partition[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(8):57-65.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170925001.
[12]苗福丰,唐西胜,齐智平.储能参与风电场惯性响应的容量配置方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(20):6-11.MIAO Fufeng,TANG Xisheng,QI Zhiping.Capacity configuration method for wind power plant inertia response considering energy storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(20):6-11.
[13]胡泽春,夏睿,吴林林,等.考虑储能参与调频的风储联合运行优化策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2251-2257.HU Zechun,XIA Rui,WU Linlin,et al.Joint operation optimization of wind-storage union with energy storage participating frequency regulation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2251-2257.
[14]KOU Peng,GAO Feng,GUAN Xiaohong.Stochastic predictive control of battery energy storage for wind farm dispatching:using probabilistic wind power forecasts[J].Renewable Energy,2015,80:286-300.
[15]刘向杰,孔小兵.电力工业复杂系统模型预测控制---现状与发展[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(5):99-105.LIU Xiangjie,KONG Xiaobing.Present situation and prospect of model predictive control application in complex power industrial process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(5):99-105.
[16]KHALID M,SAVKIN A V.An optimal operation of wind energy storage system for frequency control based on model predictive control[J].Renewable Energy,2012,48:127-132.
[17]WANG Haixin,YANG Junyou,CHEN Zhe,et al.Model predictive control of PMSG-based wind turbines for frequency regulation in an isolated grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2018,54(4):3077-3089.
[18]BACCINO F,CONTE F,GRILLO S,et al.An optimal model-based control technique to improve wind farm participation to frequency regulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(3):993-1003.
[19]赵国荣,黄婧丽,苏艳琴,等.基于滚动时域估计的飞行器姿态估计及三轴磁强计在线校正[J].物理学报,2015,64(21):203-211.ZHAO Guorong,HUANG Jingli,SU Yanqin,et al.Attitude estimation and three-axis magnetometer on-line calibration based on moving horizon estimation[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(21):203-211.
[20]周猛飞,李龙,逯振飞,等.基于改进UKF的滚动时域估计方法及其在PVC聚合过程中的应用[J].计算机与应用化学,2015,32(3):298-302.ZHOU Mengfei,LI Long,LU Zhenfei,et al.An improved UKF-based moving horizon estimation strategy and its application for a poly(vinyl chloride)polymerization process[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2015,32(3):298-302.
[21]杨东方,孙富春,王仕成.单目视觉系统自运动的滚动时域估计算法[J].模式识别与人工智能,2013,26(1):76-82.YANG Dongfang,SUN Fuchun,WANG Shicheng.Moving horizon estimation of ego-motion in monocular visual systems[J].PR&AI,2013,26(1):76-82.
[22]何成明,王洪涛,孙华东,等.变速风电机组调频特性分析及风电场时序协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(9):1-6.HE Chengming,WANG Hongtao,SUN Huadong,et al.Analysis on frequency control characteristics of variable speed wind turbines and coordinated frequency control strategy of wind farm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(9):1-6.
[23]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.TANG Xisheng,MIAO Fufeng,QI Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[24]张旭,陈云龙,岳帅,等.风电参与电力系统调频技术研究的回顾与展望[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1793-1803.ZHANG Xu,CHEN Yunlong,YUE Shuai,et al.Retrospect and prospect of research on frequency regulation technology of power system by wind power[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1793-1803.
[25]王毅.风力发电系统的建模与仿真[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:20-23.WANG Yi.Modeling and simulation analysis of wind power generation system[M].Beijing:China Waterpower Press,2015:20-23.
[26]GHIASSI F Y,KAZHAMIAKA F,ROSENBERG C,et al.Optimal design of solar PV farms with storage[J].IEEETransactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1586-1593.
[27]周猛飞,肖成松,逯振飞,等.基于UKF的滚动时域估计方法研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2013,30(12):1406-1410.ZHOU Mengfei,XIAO Chengsong,LU Zhenfei,et al.Moving horizon estimation based on the UKF method[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2013,30(12):1406-1410.
[28]BIAN Y,WYMAN P H,LI F,et al.Demand side contributions for system inertia in the GB power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):3521-3530.
[29]WU Ziping,GAO Wenzhong,WANG Jianhui,et al.Acoordinated primary frequency regulation from permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine generation[C]//IEEEPower Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications,July16-18,2012,Denver,USA:1-6.