酸碱法和酶法辅助提取银耳粗多糖的特性研究
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摘要
比较了酸提银耳粗多糖(TP1)、碱提银耳粗多糖(TP2)和酶法辅助提取银耳粗多糖(TP3)的化学组成、分子质量及物理特性。结果表明,3种银耳粗多糖的灰分、水分和多糖含量差异显著,但其蛋白质含量差异较小,其中TP1的水分和多糖含量最高,TP2和TP3灰分较高;相对分子质量由大到小依次为TP3、TP2、TP1,其中TP3分子质量分布最集中;3种银耳粗多糖均具有良好的醇溶性,TP3的乳化性、吸湿性和保湿性最佳。不同提取方法所得到的银耳粗多糖具有不同的化学组成和物理特性。
Three crude polysaccharides(TP1, TP2, TP3) were extracted by acid, alkali and enzymeassisted methods from Tremella fuciformis, and their chemical composition, relative molecular weight and physical properties were studied. The ash, water and polysaccharide contents in three crude polysaccharides were significantly different, but their protein content showed little difference. TP1 had the highest contents of water and polysaccharide. TP2 and TP3 possessed higher ash content. TP3 had the biggest relative molecular weight followed by TP2 and TP1. Furthermore, TP3 showed the most uniform molecular weight distribution. All the crude polysaccharides demonstrated great solubility in alcohol, and TP3 had the best emulsifying property, moisture absorption and moisture retention. Therefore, Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides extracted with different methods have different chemical composition and physical properties.
Three crude polysaccharides(TP1, TP2, TP3) were extracted by acid, alkali and enzymeassisted methods from Tremella fuciformis, and their chemical composition, relative molecular weight and physical properties were studied. The ash, water and polysaccharide contents in three crude polysaccharides were significantly different, but their protein content showed little difference. TP1 had the highest contents of water and polysaccharide. TP2 and TP3 possessed higher ash content. TP3 had the biggest relative molecular weight followed by TP2 and TP1. Furthermore, TP3 showed the most uniform molecular weight distribution. All the crude polysaccharides demonstrated great solubility in alcohol, and TP3 had the best emulsifying property, moisture absorption and moisture retention. Therefore, Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides extracted with different methods have different chemical composition and physical properties.
引文
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[3]徐文清.银耳孢子多糖结构表征、生物活性及抗肿瘤作用机制研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[4]Ukai S,Hirose K,Kiho T,et al.Antitumor activity on Sarcoma 180 of the Polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis Berk[J].Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1972,20(10):2293﹣2294.
[5]Cho E J,Hwang H J,Sang W K,et al.Hypoglycemic effects of exopolysaccharides produced by mycelial cultures of two different mushrooms Tremella fuciformis,and Phellinus baumii,in ob/ob,mice[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2007,75(6):1257﹣1265.
[6]吴子健,陈庆森,闫亚丽,等.银耳多糖对嗜酸乳杆菌L101发酵生长影响的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2008,29(11):22﹣25.
[7]Nie S P,Xie M Y.A review on the isolation and structure of tea polysaccharides and their bioactivities[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2011,25(2):144﹣149.
[8]Jia X,Chen M,Wan J B,et al.Review on the extraction,characterization and application of soybean polysaccharide[J].Rsc Advances,2015,90(5):73525﹣73534.
[9]吴琴,陶瑞霄.迟原龙,等.银耳粗多糖的理化特性研究[J].食品科技,2016,41(12):149﹣153.
[10]耿安静,陈健,徐晓飞.GPC法测定香菇多糖的含量及相对分子质量[J].现代食品科技,2009,25(4):458﹣460.
[11]Sandhu K S,Singh N.Some properties of corn starches II:Physicochemical,gelatinization,retrogradation,pasting and gel textural properties[J].Food Chemistry,2007,101(4):1499﹣1507.
[12]熊拯.阴离子多糖对大豆分离蛋白功能特性的影响[D].郑州:河南工业大学,2007.
[13]孔令姗,俞苓,胡国胜,等.白芨多糖的分子质量测定及其吸湿保湿性评价[J].日用化学工业,2015,45(2).
[14]高瑞英,张秀宇,慕丹,等.透明质酸等化妆品用生物活性多糖吸湿保湿性能测定[J].广东化工,2009,36(10):230﹣232.
[15]刘能盛,李波平,余银浩,等.分子质量及分布与高分子材料性能之间的联系[J].广东化工,2014,41(5):45.
[16]白颖,李建伟.凝胶色谱法测定高聚物的平均分子质量及分子质量分布[J].塑料科技,2007,35(4):70﹣71.
[17]何平笙,杨海洋,朱平平.试论高聚物结构与性能关系的3个层次[J].化学通报,2010,73(1):88﹣92.
[18]胡坤,赵谋明,彭志英.乳化剂和多糖对蛋白质乳浊液的稳定性的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(6):61﹣65.
[19]郭兴凤,熊拯,王延青,等.SPI﹣阴离子多糖复合体系乳化稳定性研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(3):32﹣34.